Nerves & Special Senses pt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
describe MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
A
progressive autoimmune disease where inflammation causes demyelination of myelin sheath leading to plaque which scars the brain, cord, & optic nerve disrupting transmission
2
Q
MS leads to what effects/issues
A
pain, physical & cognitive problems, weakness/numbness in limbs, unsteady gait, uncoordinated movements, fatigue
3
Q
describe BELL’S PALSY
A
temporary paralysis of 7th cranial thought to be caused by virus leading to paralysis of face on affected side; inability to close eye, pain, tearing, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound in affected ear, taste impairment
4
Q
describe GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
A
inflammation of myelin sheath of many peripheral nerves (polyneuritis) caused by duration/recovery of infectious disease or autoimmune response after viral infection/vaccines leading to rapid extremity muscle weakness & temporary paralysis
5
Q
describe NEURITIS
A
inflammation of nerve leading to pain & loss of function
6
Q
describe SCIATICA
A
inflammation of sciatica nerve from pressure on nerve roots leading to pain, burning, & tingling thru thigh/leg/foot
7
Q
describe TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
A
chronic pain condition from inflammation of 5th cranial nerve leading to severe lightning-like pain in gums, cheek, & lips
8
Q
describe CEREBRAL PALSY
A
group of disorders common in premature/low birth weight infants from a brain condition/injury during pregnancy, birth, or postpartum; s/s: poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, neurological deficiencies, poor muscle tone & movement
9
Q
describe SEIZURE
A
sudden surge of electrical activity affecting feeling, actions, & physical/mental changes from fever, brain injury/lesions, or other disorders
10
Q
describe TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE
A
body rigid (tonic) w/uncontrollable jerking (clonic); generally epileptic
11
Q
aka: tonic-clonic seizure
A
grand mal seizure
12
Q
describe ABSENCE SEIZURE
A
brief disturbance in function causing brief, sudden lapses of consciousness leading to vacant staring for about 10-15 sec; gen kids
13
Q
describe FOCAL SEIZURE
A
abnormal electrical activity in at least 1 part of hemisphere; absence seizure symptoms + some repetitive muscle movement
14
Q
aka: focal seizure
A
partial seizure
15
Q
describe FEBRILE SEIZURE
A
tonic-clonic seizure in infants & young kids caused by fever & gen outgrown by 5 yrs
16
Q
define SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN EPILEPSY (SUDEP)
A
epileptic patient death during/following seizure w/causes being unknown, respiratory failure, or arrhythmias
17
Q
define CAUSALGIA
A
persistent, severe burning pain after sensory nerve injury
18
Q
describe COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME CRPS)
A
chronic nerve pain of 1 limb after injury causing change in skin color, temperature, & swelling
19
Q
define HYPERESTHESIA
A
abnormal & excessive sensitivity to pain, touch, & other sensory stimuli
20
Q
describe PARESTHESIA
A
burning/prickling/numbness/tingling w/o apparent physical cause, caused by irritation/injury to sensory nerves/nerve roots; can be symptom of peripheral neuropathy/drug side effect
21
Q
define PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
A
disorder of peripheral nerves from diabetes, hypothyroidism, or other conditions leading to pain, loss of sensation & no muscle control (esp in hands & feet)
22
Q
describe RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS)
A
uncomfortable feelings in legs leading to urge to move generally at night or when trying to rest bc of an unknown cause
23
Q
define ANXIETY DISORDERS
A
excessive irrational dread of everyday things/out of proportion fear, worry, or nervousness
24
Q
describe GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD)
A
chronic, excessive worrying that is not restricted to specific thing; s/s: muscle tension, sleep disturbances, irritability, trouble concentrating, restlessness, heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, sweating, nausea, & headaches
25
describe PANIC ATTACK
unexpected, sudden fear during no danger associated w/unneeded activation of flight or fight; s/s: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, & choking sensation
26
describe PANIC DISORDER (PD)
sudden & recurring attacks of intense anxiety & fear/fear of panic attacks that cause the development of other phobias; s/s: imitate heart attack & sense of loss of control
27
define POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
emotional numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, sleep disorders, & persistent reliving of event after event of intense fear, helplessness, or horror
28
describe PHOBIA
persistent, irrational fear of specific thing that causes significant distress, interferes w/function, & leads to avoidance
29
define ACROPHOBIA
fear of heights
30
define AGORAPHOBIA
fear of environments where panic attack might happen
31
define SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
fear situations of possible negative evaluation of others/embarrassment
32
aka: social anxiety disorder
social phobia
33
define OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
recurrent obsessions & compulsion w/the belief that doing the behaviors will prevent harm or stop obsession
34
define OBSESSIONS
repetitive, intrusive, & distressing thoughts/impulses
35
define HOARDING DISORDER
over-accumulation of belongings leading to unsafe & unsanitary living conditions
36
define ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
short attention span & impulsive behavior inappropriate for developmental age
37
define ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER (ADD)
ADHD w/o hyperactivity
38
define DYSLEXIA
learning disability where the brain unable to process symbols correctly & can affect self expression
39
aka: dyslexia
developmental reading disorder
40
define LEARNING DISABILITIES
normal intelligence w/difficulty in specific skills
41
define INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
significantly below average intellectual & adaptive function causing them not to be able to develop skills for daily living
42
define AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
difficulty to develop normal social relationship & communication skills w/significant developmental delays, repetitive routines, narrowly focused, & unusual/intense interests; gen diagnosed ~ 3 yrs
43
define ASPERGER'S SYNDROME
subgroup of autism w/normal or above average intelligence but poor social interactions & body language
44
define DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
at least 2 distinct personalities w/own characteristics caused by early childhood trauma & abuse
45
aka: dissociative identity disorder
multiple personality disorder
46
define IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS
group of psychiatric disorders w/failure to resist impulse despite negative consequences (kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive gambling, etc)
47
define OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD)
persistent angry, uncooperative, & disruptive behavior in kids toward authority figures that disrupts daily activities
48
define BIPOLAR DISORDER
cycles of severe mood changes that affect attitude, energy, & function
49
describe MANIAC BEHAVIOR
weirdly euphoric behavior w/inappropriate elation, high irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgment, & inappropriate social behavior
50
define DEPRESSION
feelings of worthlessness/death/harm/suicide, lethargy, sadness, & loss of interest/plaque
51
describe PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
low-grade chronic depression w/milder symptoms present for majority of days for more than 2 years; includes double depression & disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
52
aka: persistent depressive disorder
dysthymia
53
define DOUBLE DEPRESSION
acute episode of major depression in patient w/dysthymia
54
define DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION DISORDER (DMDD)
children w/frequent & severe temper outbursts & chronically irritable
55
define SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)
bout of depression with low daylight hours
56
describe ANOREXIA NERVOSA
false perception of body appearance w/intense fear of gaining weight & unable to maintain healthy weight; characterized by voluntary starvation or excessive exercising
57
define BULIMIA NERVOSA
binge eating w/compensating behavior such as vomiting, excessive exercising, or misuse of drugs
58
define BINGE EATING DISORDER (BED)
binge eating & sense of loss of control & guilt/shame afterwards
59
define PERSONALITY DISORDER
chronic pattern of inner experience/thinking & behavior that is pervasive & inflexible w/onset in adolescence/early adulthood
60
define ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
disregard for & violation of rights of ppl
61
define BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
impulsive actions, mood instability, chaotic relationships, & self-harm
62
define NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
complete lack of empathy for others
63
define PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
loss of contact w/reality, hallucination, delusions, & function deteriorates
64
aka: psychotic disorder
psychoses
65
define DELUSION CATATONIC BEHAVIOR
person unresponsive, in stupor, & tends to be in fixed position
66
describe DELUSION
false personal beliefs despite obvious proof; belief not ordinarily accepted
67
define HALLUCINATION
sensory perception w/o external stimuli
68
define SCHIZOPHRENIA
psychotic disorder w/withdrawal from reality, illogical/distorted thinking patterns, delusions, hallucinations, & emotional/behavioral/intellectual disturbances or perceptions
69
aka: schizophrenia
schizophrenia spectrum disorder
70
define SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
combo of schizophrenia & bipolar/mood disorder symptoms (either depression or mania)
71
define SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER (SSD)
distress/excessive focus on physical complaints out of proportion to any findings/disease
72
define ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER
recurring anxiety of presence of illness w/temporary relief w/normal findings
73
describe FACTITIOUS DISORDER
individual acts as if they have illness motivated by attention & sympathy; visible symptoms are self-inflicted
74
aka: factitious disorder
Munchausen syndrome
75
define FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
neurologic symptoms w/o physical cause & patient unaware symptoms from psyche
76
define CONVERSION DISORDER
serious temporary/ongoing changes in function such as paralysis/blindness
77
define MALINGERING
intentional creation of false/exaggerated physical/psychological symptoms w/the motivation being avoiding work or incentives
78
describe SUBSTANCE ABUSE
addictive use of substance that is dangerous & leads to significant impaired function & recurrent legal/personal issues
79
define ALCOHOLISM
chronic dependence w/specific withdrawl signs & symptoms
80
describe DELIRIUM TREMENS
sudden & severe mental changes/seizures from going cold turkey from alcohol
81
define DRUG ABUSE
excessive use of illicit/recreational/prescription drugs
82
describe DRUG OVERDOSE
potentially fatal/accidental/intentional overuse of drug; treated w/Narcan or naloxone
83
describe GENDER DYSPHORIA
sex @ birth doesn't match gender creating stress; begins in early childhood
84
define PTOSIS
drooping of upper eyelid caused by muscle weakness/paralysis
85
aka: ptosis
blepharoptosis
86
define CHALAZION
hard nodule/cyst generally on upper eyelid caused by obstruction of sebaceous gland
87
define HORDEOLUM
pus filled & painful lesion on eyelid from acute infection of sebaceous gland
88
aka: hordeolum
stye or sty
89
describe BLEPHARITIS
swelling of eyelid gen @ eyelash follicles; s/s: redness, swelling, crusting along eyelid
90
describe EXTROPION
eversion of edge of eyelid (lower) associated w/aging that causes eye irritation so the tears don't drain; s/s: properly, redness, pain, & corneal breakdown
91
describe ENTROPION
inversion of edge of eyelid (lower) where the lashes rub against cornea causing abrasion
92
describe PERIORBITAL EDEMA
swelling of tissue surrounding eye associated w/allergies, nephrotic syndrome, & cellulitis; s/s: bloated face & swollen eyes
93
describe CONJUNCTIVITIS
inflammation of conjunctiva from a viral infection, allergy, or irritants
94
aka: conjunctivitis
pink eye
95
describe DACRYOADENITIS
inflammation of lacrimal gland caused by bacteria/viral/fungal infection; s/s: sudden severe pain, redness, & pressure above eye
96
define DACRYOCYSTITIS
blockage, inflammation, or infection of lacrimal sac & nasolacrimal duct accompanied by bacterial infection
97
define SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE
bleeding between conjunctiva & sclera from a injury causing red area over white of eye
98
describe XEROPHTHALMIA
tear glands don't make enough tears bc of age, systemic disease, or lack of vitamin A
99
aka: xerophthalmia
dry eye
100
describe UVEITIS
inflammation of uvea leading to swelling, irritation, & potential permanent vision loss
101
describe IRITIS
most common form of uveitis that affects primary structures in front of eye w/ sudden onset for 6-8 weeks
102
define CORNEAL ABRASION
injury to outer layers of cornea
103
describe CORNEAL ULCER
open sore on cornea from injury/infection; if cloudy scar left it will impair vision
104
define KERATITIS
inflammation of cornea from bacterial/viral/fungal infection or other
105
describe KERATOCONUS
cornea irregular & cone-shaped leading to blurring & distorted vision
106
define SCLERITIS
inflammation of sclera from infection, chemical injuries, & autoimmune diseases
107
define ANISOCORIA
pupils unequal in size from congenital, head injury, aneurysm, or pathology of CNS
108
describe CATARACT
loss of transparency of lens from accumulation of protein in lens, age, congenital, injury, or disease leading to progressive loss of visual clarity
109
define DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
damage to retina as complication of uncontrolled diabetes
110
define ENDOPHTHALMITIS
inflammation of intraocular fluids
111
describe FLOATERS
particles of cellular debris floating in vitreous humor causing shadows on retina appearing as squiggly lines, small specks, or hair-like strands; common; caused by retinal detachment, shrinkage & detachment of collagen fibers in vitreous humor, or happens normally
112
aka: floaters
vitreous floaters
113
define PHOTOPSIA
flashes of light from damage to eye or migraines
114
define MIOSIS
contraction of pupil from light or drugs
115
define MYDRIASIS
dilation of pupil from disease, trauma, or drugs
116
describe NYSTAGMUS
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of eye leading to limited visual acuity from congenital disorder, neurological injury, or drug use
117
describe PAPILLEDEMA
swelling & inflammation of optic nerve @ pnt of entrance through optic disk that increases intracranial pressure leading to swelling
118
aka: papilledema
choked disk
119
describe RETINAL DETACHMENT
emergency condition of separation of some/all of retina from choroid which can lead to complete detachment & blindness if untreated; s/s: floaters, flashing lights, shadows gradually obscure vision
120
describe RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
progressive degeneration of retina affecting night & peripheral vision & causes dark pigmented spots on retina
121
describe RETINOBLASTOMA
rare eye cancer from growth of retinal cells; most common intraocular cancer in kids
122
describe GLAUCOMA
group of diseases w/high IOP causing damage to retinal nerve fibers & optic nerve leading to eventual blindness; caused by blockage of fluid flow in & out eye
123
describe OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
most common; trabecular meshwork gradually blocked leading to pressure & not noticed until damage to optic nerve; detected thru eye exams
124
aka: open angle glaucoma
chronic glaucoma
125
describe CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA
opening between cornea & iris narrows so fluid can't reach trabecular meshwork causing a sudden increase in IOP; s/s: severe pain, nausea, eye redness, blurred vision, & blindness
126
aka: closed angle glaucoma
acute glaucoma
127
describe MACULAR DEGENERATION
gradually progressive & incurable condition where macula @ center of retina is damaged leading to loss of central vision
128
describe AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)
leading cause of vision loss in ppl +60 yrs; starts in 1 eye & develops in other
129
define DRY MACULAR DEGENERATION
90% of all AMD w/slow deterioration of macula cells
130
describe WET MACULAR DEGENERATION
advanced form of dry AMD where new vessels grow & leak causing damage to macular cells leading to rapid & severe vision loss
131
define DIPLOPIA
perception of 2 images of single object & can be symptom of serious disorder like MS or tumor
132
define HEMANIOPIA
blindness in 1/2 vision field
133
define COLOR BLINDNESS
inability to perceive certain colors normally form absence/abnormal function of cones
134
define NYCTALOPIA
normal daytime vision but difficulty seeing @ night
135
aka: diplopia
double vision
136
aka: nyctalopia
night blindness
137
define PHOTOPHOBIA
excessive sensitivity to light from migraines, excessive use of contacts, drugs, or inflammation
138
describe PRESBYOPIA
common changes in eye w/age such as hyperopia from loss of elasticity in lens bc of age; associated w/declining near vision, less flexible lens, & ciliary body muscles weaker
139
define STRABISMUS
eyes point in different directions or not aligned right bc of weak eye muscles so eyes cannot focus together
140
define ESOTROPIA
inward deviation of 1 or both eyes
141
define EXOTROPIA
outward deviation of 1 eye
142
aka: strabismus
crossed eyes
143
aka: esotropia
cross eyes
144
aka: exotropia
wall eye
145
describe REFRACTIVE DISORDERS
any disorder of irregular shaped lens & cornea so lens & cornea don't bend light to focus properly leading to blurred vision
146
define AMETROPIA
any error of refraction where images don't focus properly on retina
147
describe ASTIGMATISM
uneven curvature of cornea leading to blurred vision & can accompany nearsightedness or farsightedness
148
define HYPEROPIA
generally shortened eyeball shape so light focuses behind retina making images close up blurry generally after 40 yrs
149
aka: hyperopia
farsightedness
150
describe MYOPIA
light focus in front of retina; gen around puberty
151
aka: myopia
nearsightedness
152
describe AMBLYOPIA
dimness of vision/partial loss of sight w/o disease in 1/both eyes from altered development in childhood
153
aka: amblyopia
lazy eye
154
define SCOTOMA
abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by normal vision
155
aka: scotoma
blind spot
156
describe IMPACTED CERUMEN
accumulation of earwax as solid mass leading to otalgia, tinnitus, temporary hearing loss, & ear infection
157
define OTALGIA
pain in ear
158
aka: otalgia
earache
159
define OTITIS
any inflammation of ear
160
define OTITIS EXTERNA
inflammation of external auditory canal
161
aka: otitis externa
swimmer's ear
162
describe OTITIS MEDIA
inflammation of middle ear; acute or serous
163
describe OTOMYCOSIS
fungal infection of external auditory canal from moist environment
164
aka: otomycosis
swimmer's ear
165
define OTOPYORRHEA
flow of pus from ear
166
define OTORRHAGIA
bleeding from ear
167
define OTORRHEA
any discharge from ear (including CSF)
168
describe BAROTRAUMA
pressure related trauma from pressure change when flying/driving/diving or blockage of eustachian tube
169
describe CHOLESTEATOMA
destructive epidermal cyst in middle ear/mastoid process made of epithelial cells, cholesterol, skin cells, & cerumen from congenital disorder or complication of chronic otitis media
170
aka: cholesteatoma
pearly tumor
171
describe MASTOIDITIS
inflammation of any part of mastoid bone that can develop w/spread of uncontrolled acute otitis media
172
describe INFECTIOUS MYRINGITIS
contagious inflammation causing blisters on ear drum & associated w/middle ear infection
173
describe OTOSCLEROSIS
ankylosis of bones of middle ear leading to conductive hearing loss & treated w/stapedectomy
174
describe LABRYINTHITIS
inflammation of labyrinth causing deafness & vertigo
175
describe VERTIGO
sense of whirling, dizziness, loss of balance, nausea, & vomiting associated w/inner ear or other disorders; treated w/vestibular rehabilitation therapy
176
describe BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)
vestibular disorder w/shift in small crystals in semicircular canals; common cause of vertigo
177
describe MENIERE'S DISEASE
relatively rare & chronic vestibular disorder of labyrinth where fluid in inner ear increases intermittently causing vertigo attacks, fluctuating hearing loss in 1 ear, & tinnitus
178
describe TINNITUS
ringing, buzzing, roaring in 1/both ears associated w/hearing loss or prolonged exposure to loud noises
179
describe ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
benign brain tumor adjacent to cranial nerve from auditory nerve causing hearing loss, vertigo, & tinnitus
180
define DEAFNESS
complete/partial hearing loss or inability to hear sounds @ pitch or intensity
181
define PRESBYCUSIS
gradual loss of sensorineural hearing w/age
182
describe CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
sound waves can't pass from air to fluid in inner ear so inadequate sound-wave conduction from outer ear to ossicles caused by earwax, infection, fluid in middle ear, punctured eardrum, otosclerosis, or scarring; generally treatable
183
define SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
auditory nerve/hair cells damaged from age, noise, or acoustic neuroma
184
aka: sensorineural hearing loss
nerve deafness
185
describe NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS (NIHL)
nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to loud or moderately loud sounds from damage to cochlea or auditory nerve; gen not noticed until some hearing permanently destroyed
186
aka: noise-induced hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
187
define ASTROCYTOMA
tumor of neuroglial tissue
188
describe AURA
subjective sensation before migraine/seizure including flashing lights, numbness, tingling, or specific odor
189
define BRAIN TUMOR
intracranial mass that is either neoplastic, cystic, or inflammatory (abscess)
190
describe EPIDURLA HEMATOMA
mass of blood between skull & dura mater from brain hitting the skull; the bleeding can cause pressure which causes brain damage/death
191
describe EPILEPSY
CNS disorder where the neural cells' activity is disrupted; characterized by seizures, repeated twitching of limbs, & occasional loss of consciousness
192
describe POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS
rare condition within the 1st week after birth w/ confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, delusions, obsessive thoughts about baby, paranoia, sleep disturbance, & self harm/harm to baby
193
describe FUNCTIONAL MRI (fMRI)
detects changes in blood flow in brain; pictures relevant brain tissue when accomplishing task
194
define CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY
ultrasound study of carotid artery to detect plaque buildup or predict/diagnose ischemic stroke
195
define ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)
record electrical brain activity via electrodes & displayed as waves to diagnose conditions affecting brain function & consciousness
196
describe MYELOGRAPHY
fluoroscopic & CT study of cord w/contrast via lumbar puncture; done only if MRI of spine not good enough
197
describe ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
electrodes taped/inserted to measure signals in peripheral nerves to muscle; gen paired w/nerve conduction studies
198
define LUMBAR PUNCTURE
needle into subarachnoid space to obtain CSF for diagnostic purposes
199
aka: lumbar puncture
spinal tap
200
describe SNELLEN CHART (SC)
measure visual acuity as fraction; 1st/top # is standard distance (20 ft) & 2nd/bottom # is deviation from normal
201
describe REFRACTION TEST
determine eye's refractive error to find best corrective lenses; refers to ability of lens to bend light rays to focus
202
define DIOPTER
unit of measurement of lens' refractive power
203
define COVER TEST
examine binocular vision
204
describe VISUAL FIELD TESTING
indicate whether object/light seen in peripheral to determine loss in peripheral vision; a blank section indicated glaucoma/optic nerve disorder
205
aka: visual field testing
perimetry
206
define OPHTHALMOSCOPY
visually examine fundus (retina, optic disk, choroid, & vessels)
207
aka: ophthalmoscopy
fundoscopy
208
define DILATION
prep for ophthalmoscope exam using mydriatic drops to artificially enlarge pupils
209
define MYDRIATIC DROPS
temporary paralysis of pupils
210
define SLIT-LAMP MICROSCOPY
narrow beam of light focused on parts of eye to examine anterior structure thru magnification
211
define OPHTHALMOSCOPY
examine @ front of eye (cornea/iris/lens) & interior
212
define FLUORESCEIN STAINING
detect foreign bodies, infection, & injury using drops/strip applicator
213
describe FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY (FA)
photographic study of blood vessels @ back of eye w/contrast & xrays to determine proper circulation throughout retina & look for disease
214
describe PUPILS ARE EQUAL, ROUND, REACTIVE TO LIGHT, & ACCOMODATION (PERRLA)
diagnostic observation; abnormality indicates brain damage or head injury
215
describe TONOMETRY
measurement of IOP; abnormally high indicates glaucoma
216
define AUDIOMETRY
use audiometer to measure hearing acuity
217
define AUDIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
measure ability to hear & understand speech based on pitch & volume
218
aka: audiological evaluation
speech audiometry
219
define OTOSCOPE
instrument to examine external ear canal
220
define MONAURAL TESTING
involves 1 ear
221
define BINAURAL TESTING
involves both ears
222
describe TYMPANOMETRY
air pressure in ear canal to test for middle ear disorders by testing for middle ear fluid buildup, eustachian tube obstruction, & conducting hearing loss
223
define ACOUSTIC REFLECTOMETRY
measures how much sound reflected from eardrum by testing amount of fluid in middle ear to diagnose otitis media
