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HOSA: Med Term > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

define ENDARTERIAL

A

pertaining to interior/lining of artery or within artery

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2
Q

define HEMATOPOIETIC

A

pertaining to formation of blood cells

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3
Q

hematopoietic is also called

A

hemopoietic

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4
Q

pericardium is also called

A

pericardial sac

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5
Q

epicardium is also called what

A

visceral pericardium

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6
Q

define P WAVE

A

stimulation/contraction of atria

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7
Q

define QRS COMPLEX

A

stimulation/contraction of ventricles

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8
Q

define T WAVE

A

recovery/relaxation of ventricles

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9
Q

define SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

A

max pressure during ventricular systole

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10
Q

define DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

A

pressure during ventricular diastole

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11
Q

define PLASMA

A

fluid w/nutrients, hormones, waste made 92% H2O & 8% proteins

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12
Q

define SERUM

A

plasma fluid after blood cells & clotting proteins removed

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13
Q

define FIBRINOGEN & PROTHROMBIN

A

clotting proteins in plasma

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14
Q

describe NEUTROPHILS

A

most common WBC; phagocyte

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15
Q

describe BASOPHILS

A

least common WBC; allergens

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16
Q

describe EOSINOPHILS

A

migrating WBC; parasites & allergens

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17
Q

describe LYMPHOCYTES

A

made in red bone marrow, spleen, & lymph nodes; identify foreign substances & germs; make antibodies

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18
Q

describe MONOCYTES

A

made in red bone marrow, spleen, & lymph nodes; phagocytosis (immunity)

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19
Q

define RH FACTOR

A

presence/absence of Rh antigen

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20
Q

define BLOOD GASSES

A

gasses (O2, CO2, & Nitrogen) dissolved in liquid blood

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21
Q

what does LDL stand for

A

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/bad cholesterol

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22
Q

what does HDL stand for

A

high density lipoprotein cholesterol/good cholesterol

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23
Q

define HDL

A

carries unneeded cholesterol to liver for processing

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24
Q

define TRIGLYCERIDES

A

combo of fatty acids attached to glycerol & blood

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25
Q

define ATHEROMA

A

fatty deposit within wall of artery

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26
Q

define PALPITATION

A

pounding/racing heart

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27
Q

describe CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

A

structural abnormalities from failed heart develop.; most common birth defect

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28
Q

describe CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

A

arteriostenosis –> reduced blood flow & O2 –> angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, death

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29
Q

coronary artery disease is also called

A

coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease

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30
Q

angina is also called what

A

angina pectoris

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31
Q

define ANGINA

A

severe episodes of chest pain from poor blood flow to myocardium

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32
Q

define STABLE ANGINA

A

during exertion

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33
Q

define UNSTABLE ANGINA

A

happens anytime & precursor to MI

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34
Q

define MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

A

occlusion of at least 1 coronary artery from plaque

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35
Q

describe HEART FAILURE

A

heart weakened/damaged –> unable to pump –> congestion/fluid build up

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36
Q

describe CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

A

fluid congestion –> edema & pulmonary edema

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37
Q

cause: congestive heart failure

A

decreased blood flow from heart

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38
Q

s/s: congestive heart failure

A

weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort, edema in lower extremeties

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39
Q

left-sided heart failure is also called

A

systolic/diastolic failure (depends on whether pumping or relaxing is affected)

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40
Q

define RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

A

generally from left-sided heart failure so unable to pump to body efficiently

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41
Q

s/s: right-sided heart failure

A

edema in feet, legs, liver, GI, & arms

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42
Q

define CARDIOMEGALY

A

enlargement of heart associated w/heart failure to compensate for decreased pumping

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43
Q

infective endocarditis is also called

A

bacterial endocarditis

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44
Q

define INFECTION ENDOCARDITIS

A

inflammation of lining/valves of heart from bacteria in blood

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45
Q

define MYOCARDITIS

A

rare complication of viral infection

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46
Q

describe PERICARDITIS

A

inflammation –> accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac restricts movement & decreases pumping

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47
Q

define CARDIOMYOPATHY

A

all diseases of heart muscle

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48
Q

define HEART MURMUR

A

blowing/clicking/whoosh from heart/ near vessels when valves don’t completely close

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49
Q

define MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

A

protrusion of heart valve so valve can’t close completely

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50
Q

define VALVULAR STENOSIS

A

narrowing/stiffening/thickening/blockage of at least 1 valve

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51
Q

heart valve disease is also known as

A

valvular heart disease

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52
Q

define HEART VALVE DISEASE

A

degenerative condition prevent valves from opening & closing properly

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53
Q

s/s: heart valve disease

A

fatigue, shortness of breath, & lightheadedness

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54
Q

describe AORTIC STENOSIS

A

buildup of calcium & fat deposits in aortic valve –> narrowing so can’t open fully

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55
Q

describe MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION

A

mitral valve doesn’t close tightly –> retrograde flow

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56
Q

mitral valve regurgitation is also called

A

insufficiency/incompetence

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57
Q

define ARRHYTHMIA

A

loss of normal heart rhythm bc of abnormal electrical conduction

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58
Q

describe ASYSTOLE

A

complete lack of electrical activity in heart; 1 condition required for certifying death

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59
Q

asystole is also called what

A

flat line

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60
Q

define CARDIAC ARREST

A

heart stops beating/arrhythmia prevents efficient blood pumping

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61
Q

define HEART BLOCK

A

congenital/acquired arrhythmia

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62
Q

cause: heart block

A

electrical signal thru heart partially/completely blocked from getting to ventricles

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63
Q

define SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

A

episodes of very rapid & regular heart beats/from above AV node that begins & ends abruptly

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64
Q

supraventricular tachycardia is also called

A

paroxysma supraventricular tachycardia

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65
Q

describe VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

A

very rapid heart from in ventricles –> can’t pump adequately

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66
Q

define LONG QT SYNDROME

A

inherited/acquired condition of fast, chaotic, potentially dangerous arrhythmias

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67
Q

define FIBRILLATION

A

potentially fatal, fast & irregular heartbeat of rapid & spontaneous contractions of atria/ventricles

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68
Q

describe ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

A

most common type of tachycardia; rapid, uncontrolled, twitching of heart wall –> irregular & quivering atria

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69
Q

describe VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

A

rapid, irregular, & useless contractions of ventricles

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70
Q

define VASCULITIS

A

inflammation of blood vessel

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71
Q

temporal arteritis is also called

A

giant cell arteritis

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72
Q

define TEMPORARL ARTERITIS

A

inflammation of temporal arteries

73
Q

s/s: temporal arteriits

A

headaches, double vision, jaw pain, stroke, unilateral/bilateral blindness

74
Q

define HEMANGIOMA

A

benign tumor made of new blood vessels

75
Q

define HYPOPERFUSION

A

deficiency of blood passing thru organ/part

76
Q

define ANEURYSM

A

localized weak spot/ballooning of artery wall

77
Q

carotid artery stenosis is also called what

A

arteriostenosis

78
Q

define CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY

A

inadequate venous circulation from partial blockage/leakage of valves generally in feet & ankles leading to discoloration

79
Q

chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is also called what

A

venous insufficiency

80
Q

define VARICOSE VEINS

A

abnormally swollen veins in superficial veins bc of valve failure

81
Q

define THROMBOTIC OCCLUSION

A

blocking of artery by thrombus

82
Q

define CORONARY THROMBOSIS

A

damage to heart from thrombus

83
Q

define VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE)

A

thrombus from vein break & travel

84
Q

define DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)

A

thrombus attach to interior wall of vein

85
Q

describe PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES (PVD)

A

blood vessel disorders outside brain & heart; generally the narrowing of vessels to leg/arms/gastric/renal

86
Q

describe PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD)

A

PVD from arteriostenosis; common & serious w/intermittent calf pain (claudication) w/activity

87
Q

peripheral arterial disease is also called

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease

88
Q

describe GANGRENE

A

tissue death from shortage of blood most common in ppl w/PAD affecting fingers, toes, & limbs; can lead to sepsis

89
Q

define RAYNAUD’S DISEASE

A

PAD intermittent attacks from cold temps/stress –> constricted circulation

90
Q

define BLOOD DYSCARSIA

A

any pathological condition of cell elements of blood

91
Q

define HEMOCHROMATOSIS

A

genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed & accumulates in organs leading to damage

92
Q

hemochromatosis is also called

A

iron overload disease

93
Q

define POLYCYTHEMIA

A

cancer w/abnormally high # of RBCs

94
Q

define SEPSIS

A

organ damage from chemicals from blood trigger inflammatory response

95
Q

sepsis is also called

A

septicemia

96
Q

cause: sepsis

A

bacteria/infectious organisms in blood

97
Q

define THROMBOCYTOSIS

A

abnormally high # of platelets

98
Q

define TRANSFUSION REACTION

A

transfusion w/incompatible blood types

99
Q

define HYPERLIPIDEMA

A

high levels of cholesterol & other fatty substances

100
Q

describe MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

A

cancer w/not enough of at least 1 type of blood cells; patients can later get acute myeloid leukemia

101
Q

define LEUKEMIA

A

cancer w/progressive increase in abnormal WBC in blood-forming tissues, organs, & blood

102
Q

define APLASTIC ANEMIA

A

no formed elements (leukopenia & thrombocytopenia)

103
Q

describe IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

A

most common; not enough iron to make hemoglobin

104
Q

cause: iron-deficiency anemia

A

blood loss, poor iron absorption, inadequate iron intake

105
Q

describe MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

A

blood disorder w/symptom of anemia; RBCs bigger than normal

106
Q

cause: megaloblastic anemia

A

deficiency of folic acid/vitamin B12

107
Q

describe PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

A

lack protein intrinsic factor to absorb vitamin B12 –> vitamin B12 deficiency

108
Q

define HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

A

inherited/acquired; not enough RBCs bc spleen destroying them too early

109
Q

describe SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

A

inherited & recessive; RBCs malformed after giving up O2 –> lose flexibility & surface area for gas exchange

110
Q

describe THALASSEMIA

A

inherited & common around Mediterrarian; mild/severe from low hemoglobin & RBCs

111
Q

thalassemia is also called

A

Cooley’s anemia

112
Q

define ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

A

hypotension when standing

113
Q

orthostatic hypotension is also called

A

postural hypotension

114
Q

define FLUTTER/ATRIAL FLUTTER

A

atria beats faster than ventricles –> quivering

115
Q

define PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS

A

extra, abnormal heartbeats that disrupt regular ventricular rhythm

116
Q

define CARDIAC TAMPONADE

A

excess fluid in pericardium

117
Q

define EDEMATOUS

A

swelling often associated w/insufficient function of LV

118
Q

s/s: shock

A

agitation, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, cool/pale/clammy skin, cyanosis, chest pain, dizziness, lightheadedness

119
Q

define SHOCK

A

peripheral blood flow insufficient to return to heart

120
Q

define ANGIOGRAPHY

A

x-ray of blood vessels w/contrast

121
Q

describe CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION (card cath/CC)

A

diagnostic & treatment; catheter in vein/artery to heart for angiographies, angioplasties, pressure readings, or take samples

122
Q

define DUPLEX ULTRASOUND

A

capture blood vessels & flow of blood

123
Q

define VENOGRAPHY

A

shows specific veins w/contrast

124
Q

define ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (EKG/ECG)

A

records electrical activity of myocardium

125
Q

define HOLTER MONITOR

A

portable ECG on ambulatory patient over 24-48 hr period to diagnose arrhythmia

126
Q

define STRESS TEST

A

see cardiovascular health & function while on treadmill/injected with meds to increase bpm

127
Q

define THALLIUM STRESS TEST

A

how well blood flows thru coronary arteries during exercise

128
Q

describe DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY/DOPPLER ULTRASOUND

A

measure blood flow & BP; sound waves bounce off RBCs

129
Q

define ECHOCARDIOGRAM

A

ultrasound visualize internal structure

130
Q

echocardiogram is also called

A

multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan

131
Q

define APHERESIS

A

separate blood into components to remove toxic substances/autoantibodies or harvest blood cells

132
Q

define COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

A

determine # of formed elements including hematocrit & WBC differential

133
Q

define TYPE & CROSSMATCH

A

check blood type compatibility

134
Q

define NUCLEAR VENTRICULOGRAPHY

A

tracer injected to make images of LV & RV to measure volume of blood pumped by ventricles

135
Q

define POSITION EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY SCAN

A

tracer look for disease/poor blood flow in heart or brain

136
Q

what can diagnose heart damage, scar tissue, CVA, Alzheimer’s & epilepsy

A

PET scan

137
Q

define ANTIPHYPERTENSIVE

A

lower BP

138
Q

define ACE INHIBITOR

A

blocks action of angiotensin II contracting blood vessel to treat hypertension & heart failure

139
Q

ACE inhibitor is also known as

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme

140
Q

describe BETA BLOCKER

A

decrease workload of heart by slowing bpm; treats hypertension, angina, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, migraines, panic attacks, & tremors

141
Q

describe CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

A

heart & blood vessels dilate –> increase O2 & blood & lowers calcium movement into cells of heart & vessels making it easier to pump blood; treat hypertension & angina

142
Q

define DIURETIC

A

substance stimulate kidneys to get rid of excess Na & H2O; treat hypertension & heart failure

143
Q

define ANTIARRHYTHMIC

A

medication to control irregular bpm

144
Q

anticoagulants are also called what

A

blood thinners

145
Q

describe COUMADIN

A

brand name for warfarin; treat clotting difficulties, certain pm irregularities, after heart attack/heart valve replacement surgery

146
Q

define HEPARIN

A

faster version of Coumadin given via injection/IV

147
Q

define ASPIRIN

A

reduce heart attack/stroke by thinning blood

148
Q

define CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DRUG

A

combat hyperlipidemia by lower LDL

149
Q

describe DIGITALIS

A

strengthen heart contraction, slow bpm, help eliminate fluid from tissue; treat & prevent certain arrhythmias & heart conditions; available as digoxin

150
Q

define THROMBOLYTIC

A

dissolves/breaks thrombus

151
Q

thrombolytic is also called what

A

clot busting drug

152
Q

define TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATO (tPA)

A

thrombolytic for heart attack/stroke

153
Q

define VASOCONSTRICTOR

A

blood vessels narrow (antihistamines & decongestants)

154
Q

define NITROGLYCERIN

A

vasodilator to prevent/relieve angina pain & dilate vessels to brain

155
Q

define ANGIOPLASTY

A

mechanically widening vessel

156
Q

define BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY

A

balloon on catheter stretching lumen

157
Q

balloon angioplasty is also called what

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

158
Q

describe LASER ANGIOPLASTY

A

laser on end of catheter; done before PTCA or separately

159
Q

define STENT

A

mesh tube after artery opened

160
Q

define RESTENOSIS

A

artery opened by angioplasty reclosed

161
Q

define ATHERECTOMY

A

surgical removal of plaque

162
Q

define CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY

A

surgical removal of lining/plaque of clogged carotid artery; reduce stroke risk

163
Q

describe CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG)

A

most common types of open heart surgery; vein from leg/chest replace blocked artery

164
Q

define SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION

A

similar to defibrillation but lower voltage & non-emergency to relieve arrhythmia

165
Q

define IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR (ICD)

A

internal double action pacemaker to prevent bradycardia

166
Q

define PACEMAKER

A

treat arrhythmia externally or internally

167
Q

define CARDIAC ABLATION

A

heat/extreme cold scar/destroy heart tissue trigger poor rhythm

168
Q

cardiac ablation is also called what

A

catheter ablation

169
Q

define VALVULOPLASTY

A

surgical repair of heart valve w/narrow opening

170
Q

valvuloplasty is also called what

A

balloon valvuloplasty

171
Q

define HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT

A

replace valve (gen aortic/mitral) w mechanical/animal/human transplant

172
Q

describe TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACMENT (TAVR)

A

minimally invasive; catheter deliver good valve within defective valve

173
Q

define ANEURYSM CLIPPING

A

isolate aneurysm w/permanent clip

174
Q

define PLASMAPHERESIS

A

remove all blood & cellular elements to collect plasma

175
Q

define HEMOSTASIS

A

stop/control bleeding

176
Q

define ENARTERECTOMY

A

remove plaque from lining of artery

177
Q

define PTCA

A

opens blocked coronary arteries w/balloon & stent gen done during diagnostic cardiac catheterization

178
Q

PTCA is also known as

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

179
Q

define TELEMETRY NURSE

A

specialize in tech to track vitals

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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