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HOSA: Med Term > Overview of Body > Flashcards

Overview of Body Flashcards

1
Q

define DIAGNOSIS

A

identification of disease

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2
Q

define ACUTE

A

rapid onset, severe course, relatively short duration

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3
Q

define DISEASE

A

condition in which at least 1 body part not functioning normally

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4
Q

define DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

A

attempt to determine which disease of many

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5
Q

differential diagnosis is also called what

A

rule out

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6
Q

define CHRONIC

A

long duration, controlled but rarely cured

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7
Q

define EPONYM

A

disease/structure/operation/procedure named after person who discovered/described it first

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8
Q

define SYNDROME

A

set of signs & symptoms together part of specific disease process

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9
Q

define REMISSION

A

temporary/partial/complete disappearance of symptoms w/o cure

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10
Q

define PROGNOSIS

A

prediction of probable course/outcome

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11
Q

define ACRONYM

A

word from initial letter of major parts of term

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12
Q

describe INFECTION

A

invasion of body by pathogenic organism; localized or system; s/s: malaise, chills & fever, redness, heat & swelling, exudate from wound

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13
Q

describe MALAISE

A

feeling of general discomfort/uneasiness; gen 1st symptom of infection/disease

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14
Q

define EXUDATE

A

any fluid leaking from infected wound

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15
Q

describe INFLAMMATION

A

localized response to injury/destruction of tissues; s/s: erythema, hyperthermia, edema, pain

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16
Q

define LACERATION

A

torn/jagged/accidental wound or cut

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17
Q

define LESION

A

pathologic change of tissue bc injury/disease

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18
Q

define VIRAL

A

pertaining to virus

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19
Q

define PAROXYSMAL

A

sudden/spasm like

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20
Q

define CONVALESCENCE

A

period of gradual recovery after illness/injury

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21
Q

define DEBILITATING

A

weakening/fatiguing effect

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22
Q

define ENDOGENOUS

A

injury/condition origin inside body

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23
Q

define EPIDEMIC

A

sudden, widespread outbreak of disease

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24
Q

define EXOGENOUS

A

injury/condition origin outside body

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25
define HYPERSENSITIVITY
immune has exaggerated response to antigen
26
define IATROGENIC
infection/disease from complication of intervention
27
define IMMUNOLOGICAL
reaction between antibody & antigen
28
define ISCHEMIC
condition from temporary deficiency in blood to organ/tissue
29
define NEOPLASTIC
new, abnormal growth either benign/malignant
30
define PANDEMIC
disease spread over most of world
31
define PROPHYLAXIS
for prevention
32
define HIGH FOWLER'S POSITION
sit w/head elevated 75-90 degrees w/knees raised slightly; eating, oral care, xrays, breathing treatment
33
define KNEE-CHEST POSITION
facedown resting on knees & chest; rectal & pelvic exams
34
describe LATERAL POSITION
lying on side (gen left); recovery, prevent pressure on inferior vena cava in labor; prevent vomit aspiration
35
define LOW FOWLER'S POSITION
semi-sitting w/head elevated 15-30 degrees w/knees raised slightly; rest & relieve pressure off hips & shoulders
36
define SEMI-FOWLER'S POSITION
semi-sitting w/head elevated 30-45 degrees & knees bent for comfort; rest during birth & lung expansion
37
define SIMS' POSITION
lie on side w/1 hip & knee straight & other flexed @ hip & knee; rectal exam
38
define OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
study of ears, nose, & throat
39
define OTOLARYNGOLOGY
study of ears & larynx
40
define LITHOTOMY
position of female on back w/feet & legs in stirrups
41
define PALPATION
hands feel texture, size, consistency, & location
42
define FISTULA
abnormal passageway to body surface
43
cause: fistula
surgery, injury, abscess drain
44
define ATRESIA
congenital absence/narrowing of opening/passage
45
define FLUOROSCOPY
continuous xrays show flow of contrast/direct interventions
46
define SUPPORATION
formation of pus
47
anterior vs ventral
anterior = head end ventral = belly
48
posterior vs dorsal
posterior = tail end dorsal = back
49
Describe STEM CELLS
undifferentiated cells able to renew themselves longer than other cells; can be transformed into specialized cells
50
adult stem cells are also called
somatic stem cells
51
Define ADULT STEM CELLS
stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in
52
describe EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
able to form any adult cell; more primitive than adult so don't need perfect match for transplant; found in blood in umbilical cord & placenta
53
define STEM CELL THERAPY
stem cells harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow
54
stem cell therapy is also called what
regnerative medicine
55
define GENES
fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity
56
define GENOME
complete set of genetic information of organism
57
define SOMATIC CELL
any body cell except gametes
58
gene disorders are also called what
hereditary disease
59
describe DOWN SYNDROME
3rd copy of 21st chromosome; characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, physical abnormalities
60
down syndrome is also called what
trisomy 21
61
cause: Fragile X syndrome
changes in MRI gene (that makes protein for brain development)
62
describe FRAGILE X SYNDROME
X chromosome unstable & breaks; developmental delays, learning disabilities, & behavior problems
63
describe HUNTINGTON’s DISEASE
nerve degeneration w/symptoms midlife; uncontrolled movements, loss of mental abilities, psychiatric disorders
64
cause: Huntington's disease
weird gene produces protein huntingtin
65
describe MARGAN SYNDROME
affects connective tissue everywhere; tall, slender, disproportionately long arms/legs/fingers
66
define MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
group of genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness & degeneration
67
describe PHENYLKETONURIA
missing digestive enzyme to counter phenylalanine --> increase phenylalanine in blood; manageable w/careful dietary supervision; developmental delays & intellectual disabilities
68
cause: Phenylketonuria
2 mutated genes prevent processing of phenylalanine
69
define ASTROCYTE
star shaped cell
70
define CYTOLEMMA
cell membrane
71
define FIBRINOLYSIS
destruction of fibers
72
define FIBROBLAST
fiber-forming cell
73
define HEMATOCYTOBLAST
cell where blood cells develop
74
define STYLOID
resembling pole/stake
75
define EPITHELIUM
specialized epithelial cells forming epidermis & surface layer of mucous membranes
76
define ENDOTHELIUM
specialized epithelial lining blood & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands & organs
77
give an example of dense connective tissue
bones & cartilage
78
define LOOSE TISSUES
holds organs in place & bind tissue
79
describe APLASIA
defective development/congenital absence of organ/tissue; doesn't grow normally
80
Describe HYPOPLASIA
under development of organ/tissue; gen bc deficiency of # of cells
81
Describe ANAPLASIA
change in structure & orientation of cells; characteristic of most cancerous tumors
82
define DYSPLASIA
abnormal development; growth & presence of abnormal cells
83
Define HYPERPLASIA
increase # of cells; normal (pregnancy) or precancerous
84
define HYPERTROPHY
increase size but not # of cells
85
define ETIOLOGY
study of cause of disease/abnormal conditions
86
define PATHOGEN
disease producing microorganism
87
define CONTAMINATION
pathogen is possibly present
88
define BLOODBORNE TRANSMISSION
spread via infected bodily fluids; must enter blood stream
89
define VECTOR-BORNE
insect bite
90
define ENDEMIC
ongoing presence of disease in group/area
91
define ORGANIC DISORDER
symptoms are detectable physical changes
92
define FUNCTIONAL DISORDER
physical symptoms but not disease/organic cause indentified
93
functional disorder is also called
non-organic disorder
94
define IATROGENIC ILLNESS
unfavorable response to prescribed treatment
95
define IDIOPATHIC DISEASE
any disease w/o known cause
96
define INFECTIOUS DISEASE
cause is living pathogenic organism
97
define NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
hospital-acquired infection
98
describe METABOLIC SYNDROME
characteristics/risk factors for heart disease, stroke, & type 2 diabetes; high BP, central adiposity, high insulin, high cholesterol & triglyceride
99
development disorder is also called what
birth defect

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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