Overview of Body Flashcards
define DIAGNOSIS
identification of disease
define ACUTE
rapid onset, severe course, relatively short duration
define DISEASE
condition in which at least 1 body part not functioning normally
define DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
attempt to determine which disease of many
differential diagnosis is also called what
rule out
define CHRONIC
long duration, controlled but rarely cured
define EPONYM
disease/structure/operation/procedure named after person who discovered/described it first
define SYNDROME
set of signs & symptoms together part of specific disease process
define REMISSION
temporary/partial/complete disappearance of symptoms w/o cure
define PROGNOSIS
prediction of probable course/outcome
define ACRONYM
word from initial letter of major parts of term
describe INFECTION
invasion of body by pathogenic organism; localized or system; s/s: malaise, chills & fever, redness, heat & swelling, exudate from wound
describe MALAISE
feeling of general discomfort/uneasiness; gen 1st symptom of infection/disease
define EXUDATE
any fluid leaking from infected wound
describe INFLAMMATION
localized response to injury/destruction of tissues; s/s: erythema, hyperthermia, edema, pain
define LACERATION
torn/jagged/accidental wound or cut
define LESION
pathologic change of tissue bc injury/disease
define VIRAL
pertaining to virus
define PAROXYSMAL
sudden/spasm like
define CONVALESCENCE
period of gradual recovery after illness/injury
define DEBILITATING
weakening/fatiguing effect
define ENDOGENOUS
injury/condition origin inside body
define EPIDEMIC
sudden, widespread outbreak of disease
define EXOGENOUS
injury/condition origin outside body
define HYPERSENSITIVITY
immune has exaggerated response to antigen
define IATROGENIC
infection/disease from complication of intervention
define IMMUNOLOGICAL
reaction between antibody & antigen
define ISCHEMIC
condition from temporary deficiency in blood to organ/tissue
define NEOPLASTIC
new, abnormal growth either benign/malignant
define PANDEMIC
disease spread over most of world
define PROPHYLAXIS
for prevention
define HIGH FOWLER’S POSITION
sit w/head elevated 75-90 degrees w/knees raised slightly; eating, oral care, xrays, breathing treatment
define KNEE-CHEST POSITION
facedown resting on knees & chest; rectal & pelvic exams
describe LATERAL POSITION
lying on side (gen left); recovery, prevent pressure on inferior vena cava in labor; prevent vomit aspiration
define LOW FOWLER’S POSITION
semi-sitting w/head elevated 15-30 degrees w/knees raised slightly; rest & relieve pressure off hips & shoulders
define SEMI-FOWLER’S POSITION
semi-sitting w/head elevated 30-45 degrees & knees bent for comfort; rest during birth & lung expansion
define SIMS’ POSITION
lie on side w/1 hip & knee straight & other flexed @ hip & knee; rectal exam
define OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
study of ears, nose, & throat
define OTOLARYNGOLOGY
study of ears & larynx
define LITHOTOMY
position of female on back w/feet & legs in stirrups
define PALPATION
hands feel texture, size, consistency, & location
define FISTULA
abnormal passageway to body surface
cause: fistula
surgery, injury, abscess drain
define ATRESIA
congenital absence/narrowing of opening/passage
define FLUOROSCOPY
continuous xrays show flow of contrast/direct interventions
define SUPPORATION
formation of pus
anterior vs ventral
anterior = head end
ventral = belly
posterior vs dorsal
posterior = tail end
dorsal = back
Describe STEM CELLS
undifferentiated cells able to renew themselves longer than other cells; can be transformed into specialized cells
adult stem cells are also called
somatic stem cells
Define ADULT STEM CELLS
stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in
describe EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
able to form any adult cell; more primitive than adult so don’t need perfect match for transplant; found in blood in umbilical cord & placenta
define STEM CELL THERAPY
stem cells harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow
stem cell therapy is also called what
regnerative medicine
define GENES
fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity
define GENOME
complete set of genetic information of organism
define SOMATIC CELL
any body cell except gametes
gene disorders are also called what
hereditary disease
describe DOWN SYNDROME
3rd copy of 21st chromosome; characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, physical abnormalities
down syndrome is also called what
trisomy 21
cause: Fragile X syndrome
changes in MRI gene (that makes protein for brain development)
describe FRAGILE X SYNDROME
X chromosome unstable & breaks; developmental delays, learning disabilities, & behavior problems
describe HUNTINGTON’s DISEASE
nerve degeneration w/symptoms midlife; uncontrolled movements, loss of mental abilities, psychiatric disorders
cause: Huntington’s disease
weird gene produces protein huntingtin
describe MARGAN SYNDROME
affects connective tissue everywhere; tall, slender, disproportionately long arms/legs/fingers
define MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
group of genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness & degeneration
describe PHENYLKETONURIA
missing digestive enzyme to counter phenylalanine –> increase phenylalanine in blood; manageable w/careful dietary supervision; developmental delays & intellectual disabilities
cause: Phenylketonuria
2 mutated genes prevent processing of phenylalanine
define ASTROCYTE
star shaped cell
define CYTOLEMMA
cell membrane
define FIBRINOLYSIS
destruction of fibers
define FIBROBLAST
fiber-forming cell
define HEMATOCYTOBLAST
cell where blood cells develop
define STYLOID
resembling pole/stake
define EPITHELIUM
specialized epithelial cells forming epidermis & surface layer of mucous membranes
define ENDOTHELIUM
specialized epithelial lining blood & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands & organs
give an example of dense connective tissue
bones & cartilage
define LOOSE TISSUES
holds organs in place & bind tissue
describe APLASIA
defective development/congenital absence of organ/tissue; doesn’t grow normally
Describe HYPOPLASIA
under development of organ/tissue; gen bc deficiency of # of cells
Describe ANAPLASIA
change in structure & orientation of cells; characteristic of most cancerous tumors
define DYSPLASIA
abnormal development; growth & presence of abnormal cells
Define HYPERPLASIA
increase # of cells; normal (pregnancy) or precancerous
define HYPERTROPHY
increase size but not # of cells
define ETIOLOGY
study of cause of disease/abnormal conditions
define PATHOGEN
disease producing microorganism
define CONTAMINATION
pathogen is possibly present
define BLOODBORNE TRANSMISSION
spread via infected bodily fluids; must enter blood stream
define VECTOR-BORNE
insect bite
define ENDEMIC
ongoing presence of disease in group/area
define ORGANIC DISORDER
symptoms are detectable physical changes
define FUNCTIONAL DISORDER
physical symptoms but not disease/organic cause indentified
functional disorder is also called
non-organic disorder
define IATROGENIC ILLNESS
unfavorable response to prescribed treatment
define IDIOPATHIC DISEASE
any disease w/o known cause
define INFECTIOUS DISEASE
cause is living pathogenic organism
define NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
hospital-acquired infection
describe METABOLIC SYNDROME
characteristics/risk factors for heart disease, stroke, & type 2 diabetes; high BP, central adiposity, high insulin, high cholesterol & triglyceride
development disorder is also called what
birth defect
