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HOSA: Med Term > Overview of Body > Flashcards

Overview of Body Flashcards

1
Q

define DIAGNOSIS

A

identification of disease

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2
Q

define ACUTE

A

rapid onset, severe course, relatively short duration

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3
Q

define DISEASE

A

condition in which at least 1 body part not functioning normally

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4
Q

define DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

A

attempt to determine which disease of many

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5
Q

differential diagnosis is also called what

A

rule out

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6
Q

define CHRONIC

A

long duration, controlled but rarely cured

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7
Q

define EPONYM

A

disease/structure/operation/procedure named after person who discovered/described it first

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8
Q

define SYNDROME

A

set of signs & symptoms together part of specific disease process

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9
Q

define REMISSION

A

temporary/partial/complete disappearance of symptoms w/o cure

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10
Q

define PROGNOSIS

A

prediction of probable course/outcome

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11
Q

define ACRONYM

A

word from initial letter of major parts of term

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12
Q

describe INFECTION

A

invasion of body by pathogenic organism; localized or system; s/s: malaise, chills & fever, redness, heat & swelling, exudate from wound

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13
Q

describe MALAISE

A

feeling of general discomfort/uneasiness; gen 1st symptom of infection/disease

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14
Q

define EXUDATE

A

any fluid leaking from infected wound

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15
Q

describe INFLAMMATION

A

localized response to injury/destruction of tissues; s/s: erythema, hyperthermia, edema, pain

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16
Q

define LACERATION

A

torn/jagged/accidental wound or cut

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17
Q

define LESION

A

pathologic change of tissue bc injury/disease

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18
Q

define VIRAL

A

pertaining to virus

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19
Q

define PAROXYSMAL

A

sudden/spasm like

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20
Q

define CONVALESCENCE

A

period of gradual recovery after illness/injury

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21
Q

define DEBILITATING

A

weakening/fatiguing effect

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22
Q

define ENDOGENOUS

A

injury/condition origin inside body

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23
Q

define EPIDEMIC

A

sudden, widespread outbreak of disease

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24
Q

define EXOGENOUS

A

injury/condition origin outside body

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25
Q

define HYPERSENSITIVITY

A

immune has exaggerated response to antigen

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26
Q

define IATROGENIC

A

infection/disease from complication of intervention

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27
Q

define IMMUNOLOGICAL

A

reaction between antibody & antigen

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28
Q

define ISCHEMIC

A

condition from temporary deficiency in blood to organ/tissue

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29
Q

define NEOPLASTIC

A

new, abnormal growth either benign/malignant

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30
Q

define PANDEMIC

A

disease spread over most of world

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31
Q

define PROPHYLAXIS

A

for prevention

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32
Q

define HIGH FOWLER’S POSITION

A

sit w/head elevated 75-90 degrees w/knees raised slightly; eating, oral care, xrays, breathing treatment

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33
Q

define KNEE-CHEST POSITION

A

facedown resting on knees & chest; rectal & pelvic exams

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34
Q

describe LATERAL POSITION

A

lying on side (gen left); recovery, prevent pressure on inferior vena cava in labor; prevent vomit aspiration

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35
Q

define LOW FOWLER’S POSITION

A

semi-sitting w/head elevated 15-30 degrees w/knees raised slightly; rest & relieve pressure off hips & shoulders

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36
Q

define SEMI-FOWLER’S POSITION

A

semi-sitting w/head elevated 30-45 degrees & knees bent for comfort; rest during birth & lung expansion

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37
Q

define SIMS’ POSITION

A

lie on side w/1 hip & knee straight & other flexed @ hip & knee; rectal exam

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38
Q

define OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

A

study of ears, nose, & throat

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39
Q

define OTOLARYNGOLOGY

A

study of ears & larynx

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40
Q

define LITHOTOMY

A

position of female on back w/feet & legs in stirrups

41
Q

define PALPATION

A

hands feel texture, size, consistency, & location

42
Q

define FISTULA

A

abnormal passageway to body surface

43
Q

cause: fistula

A

surgery, injury, abscess drain

44
Q

define ATRESIA

A

congenital absence/narrowing of opening/passage

45
Q

define FLUOROSCOPY

A

continuous xrays show flow of contrast/direct interventions

46
Q

define SUPPORATION

A

formation of pus

47
Q

anterior vs ventral

A

anterior = head end
ventral = belly

48
Q

posterior vs dorsal

A

posterior = tail end
dorsal = back

49
Q

Describe STEM CELLS

A

undifferentiated cells able to renew themselves longer than other cells; can be transformed into specialized cells

50
Q

adult stem cells are also called

A

somatic stem cells

51
Q

Define ADULT STEM CELLS

A

stem cells w/primary function of repairing & maintaining tissue they are in

52
Q

describe EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

A

able to form any adult cell; more primitive than adult so don’t need perfect match for transplant; found in blood in umbilical cord & placenta

53
Q

define STEM CELL THERAPY

A

stem cells harvested from hematopoietic tissue of bone marrow

54
Q

stem cell therapy is also called what

A

regnerative medicine

55
Q

define GENES

A

fundamental physical & functional unit of heredity

56
Q

define GENOME

A

complete set of genetic information of organism

57
Q

define SOMATIC CELL

A

any body cell except gametes

58
Q

gene disorders are also called what

A

hereditary disease

59
Q

describe DOWN SYNDROME

A

3rd copy of 21st chromosome; characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, physical abnormalities

60
Q

down syndrome is also called what

A

trisomy 21

61
Q

cause: Fragile X syndrome

A

changes in MRI gene (that makes protein for brain development)

62
Q

describe FRAGILE X SYNDROME

A

X chromosome unstable & breaks; developmental delays, learning disabilities, & behavior problems

63
Q

describe HUNTINGTON’s DISEASE

A

nerve degeneration w/symptoms midlife; uncontrolled movements, loss of mental abilities, psychiatric disorders

64
Q

cause: Huntington’s disease

A

weird gene produces protein huntingtin

65
Q

describe MARGAN SYNDROME

A

affects connective tissue everywhere; tall, slender, disproportionately long arms/legs/fingers

66
Q

define MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A

group of genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness & degeneration

67
Q

describe PHENYLKETONURIA

A

missing digestive enzyme to counter phenylalanine –> increase phenylalanine in blood; manageable w/careful dietary supervision; developmental delays & intellectual disabilities

68
Q

cause: Phenylketonuria

A

2 mutated genes prevent processing of phenylalanine

69
Q

define ASTROCYTE

A

star shaped cell

70
Q

define CYTOLEMMA

A

cell membrane

71
Q

define FIBRINOLYSIS

A

destruction of fibers

72
Q

define FIBROBLAST

A

fiber-forming cell

73
Q

define HEMATOCYTOBLAST

A

cell where blood cells develop

74
Q

define STYLOID

A

resembling pole/stake

75
Q

define EPITHELIUM

A

specialized epithelial cells forming epidermis & surface layer of mucous membranes

76
Q

define ENDOTHELIUM

A

specialized epithelial lining blood & lymph vessels, body cavities, glands & organs

77
Q

give an example of dense connective tissue

A

bones & cartilage

78
Q

define LOOSE TISSUES

A

holds organs in place & bind tissue

79
Q

describe APLASIA

A

defective development/congenital absence of organ/tissue; doesn’t grow normally

80
Q

Describe HYPOPLASIA

A

under development of organ/tissue; gen bc deficiency of # of cells

81
Q

Describe ANAPLASIA

A

change in structure & orientation of cells; characteristic of most cancerous tumors

82
Q

define DYSPLASIA

A

abnormal development; growth & presence of abnormal cells

83
Q

Define HYPERPLASIA

A

increase # of cells; normal (pregnancy) or precancerous

84
Q

define HYPERTROPHY

A

increase size but not # of cells

85
Q

define ETIOLOGY

A

study of cause of disease/abnormal conditions

86
Q

define PATHOGEN

A

disease producing microorganism

87
Q

define CONTAMINATION

A

pathogen is possibly present

88
Q

define BLOODBORNE TRANSMISSION

A

spread via infected bodily fluids; must enter blood stream

89
Q

define VECTOR-BORNE

A

insect bite

90
Q

define ENDEMIC

A

ongoing presence of disease in group/area

91
Q

define ORGANIC DISORDER

A

symptoms are detectable physical changes

92
Q

define FUNCTIONAL DISORDER

A

physical symptoms but not disease/organic cause indentified

93
Q

functional disorder is also called

A

non-organic disorder

94
Q

define IATROGENIC ILLNESS

A

unfavorable response to prescribed treatment

95
Q

define IDIOPATHIC DISEASE

A

any disease w/o known cause

96
Q

define INFECTIOUS DISEASE

A

cause is living pathogenic organism

97
Q

define NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

A

hospital-acquired infection

98
Q

describe METABOLIC SYNDROME

A

characteristics/risk factors for heart disease, stroke, & type 2 diabetes; high BP, central adiposity, high insulin, high cholesterol & triglyceride

99
Q

development disorder is also called what

A

birth defect

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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