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HOSA: Med Term > Muscular > Flashcards

Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

define MUSCLE FIBERS

A

long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue

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2
Q

define FASCIA

A

flexible band of connective tissue envelop, separate, or bind muscles

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3
Q

describe TENDON

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue; bone + muscle

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4
Q

list parts of quads

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

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5
Q

lists parts of hamstring

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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6
Q

frontalis is also called what

A

occiptofrontalis

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7
Q

what is the nickname for the gastrocnemius

A

“stomach of the leg”

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8
Q

define ATONIC

A

lacking muscle tone

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9
Q

define MUSCLE TONE

A

state of balanced muscle tension creating normal posture, coordination, & movement

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10
Q

define HYPOTONIA

A

diminished tone of skeletal muscles

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11
Q

define MYOPATHY

A

any pathological change/disease of muscle tissue

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12
Q

define FIBROMYALGIA

A

broad condition of tendons, muscles, & joints

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13
Q

s/s: fibromyalgia

A

fatigue, diffuse/specific muscle/joint/bone pain, etc

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14
Q

define TENOSYNOVITIS

A

inflammation of tendon sheath

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15
Q

tendinitis can also be spelled like what

A

tendonitis

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16
Q

define TENDINOSIS

A

chronic pain condition bc repetitive overuse/unhealed injury of tendon

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17
Q

describe CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)

A

fatigue not improved by bed rest & worse w/activity; symptoms similar to fibro

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18
Q

define ADHESION

A

fibrous band abnormally or normally holding structures (normal = healing wound)

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19
Q

define ATROPHY

A

weakness/wearing away of tissue/structure

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20
Q

cause: adhesion

A

inflammation or trauma (injury/surgery)

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21
Q

define CACHEXIA

A

physically wasting away

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22
Q

cause: cachexia

A

weight & muscle mass loss from disease/disuse

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23
Q

define HERNIA

A

tissue protrudes thru weak spot of containment into another area

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24
Q

describe INGUINAL HERNIA

A

most common; intestines protrude thru weak lower ab wall/groin

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25
Q

cause: inguinal hernia

A

obesity, pregnancy, heaving lifting, straining

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26
Q

describe HIATAL HERNIA

A

upper part of stomach protrude thru esophageal opening into diaphragm; lead to GERD & pyrosis

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27
Q

define POLYMYOSITIS

A

muscle disease w/inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles gen closest to trunk

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28
Q

define RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

death of muscle fibers release content to blood stream leading to complications like renal failure

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29
Q

describe SARCOPENIA

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, & function w/age; slowed by weight/resistance training

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30
Q

describe DYSTONIA

A

movement disorder w/involuntary &/or repetitive contractions; symptoms of Parkinson’s, strokes, brain injuries, etc

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31
Q

describe ATAXIA

A

lack of coordination w/voluntary movement; shaky & unsteady

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32
Q

cause: ataxia

A

abnormal activity in cerebellum

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33
Q

describe CONTRACTURE

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin; normal connective tissue becomes nonelastic & fibrous

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34
Q

cause: contracture

A

scarring or disease

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35
Q

define INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION

A

pain in leg muscles during exercise & fixed w/rest

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36
Q

cause: intermittent claudication

A

poor circulation (associate w/PVD)

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37
Q

describe MYOCLONUS

A

quick, involuntary jerking of muscles; neurological disorder (epilepsy), metabolic condition, drug response, sleep (normal)

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38
Q

describe CLONUS

A

repetitive contraction of knee/ankle muscles; associate w/cerebral palsy, stroke, MS, etc

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39
Q

define SINGULTUS

A

myoclonus of diaphragm spasms

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40
Q

singultus is also called what

A

hiccups

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41
Q

torticollis is also called what

A

wryneck

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42
Q

define TORTICOLLIS

A

stiff neck bc spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, pulling head to 1 side

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43
Q

DEFINE BRADYKINESIA

A

extreme slowness in movement; Parkinson’s

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44
Q

define DYSKINESIA

A

distortion/impairment of voluntary movement; jerky & fragmented

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45
Q

define HYPERKINESIA

A

abnormally increased muscle function/activity

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46
Q

hyperkinesia is also called what

A

hyperactivity

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47
Q

define MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

A

chronic autoimmune; weakness & rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles bc of affected neuromuscular junctions

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48
Q

describe MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A

group of genetic disease w/progressive weakness & degeneration of muscles w/o impacting nerves; no treatment

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49
Q

describe DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)

A

common in boys 3-5 yrs; sex-linked & recessive; most unable to walk @ 12 w/breathing difficulty & heart disease; weaken shoulder & pelvic girdles

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50
Q

define BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD)

A

similar to DMD but less severe

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51
Q

define REPETITIVE STRESS DISORDERS

A

variety of muscular conditions caused by repeated motions

52
Q

repetitive stress disorder is also called what

A

repetitive motion disorders

53
Q

define COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

A

compression of nerves & blood vessels from swelling in compartment

54
Q

define COMPARTMENT

A

enclosed fascia space separating muscle groups

55
Q

cause: compartment syndrome

A

trauma, tight bandages, casts, repetitive actions

56
Q

define TRIGGER FINGER

A

painful & progressive movement restriction; snapping sound sometimes when finger moves

57
Q

define MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME

A

chronic pain disorder of muscles & fascia; develop trigger pnts

58
Q

cause: myofascial pain syndrome

A

muscle contracted repetitively

59
Q

define TRIGGER POINTS

A

tender areas generally where fascia contact muscle

60
Q

define TENDINOPATHY

A

irritation/degeneration of tendon in any joint

61
Q

define IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME

A

inflamed & swollen tendons caught between bones in shoulder

62
Q

aka: impingement syndrome

A

rotator cuff tendinitis/tennis shoulder/swimmer’s shoulder

63
Q

define ROTATOR CUFF TEAR

A

irritated tendon weakness (in shoulder)

64
Q

describe CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)

A

inflamed tensions thru carpal tunnel swell & put pressure on median nerve; pain, burning, itching, tingling

65
Q

describe GANGLION CYST

A

benign, fluid lump on outer surface of wrist/hand; gen painless & need no treatment; common in women 20-40 yrs

66
Q

define EPICONDYLITIS

A

inflammation of tissues surrounding elbow

67
Q

lateral epicondylitis is also called what

A

tennis elbow

68
Q

aka: medial epicondylitis

A

golfer’s elbow

69
Q

define a HEEL SPUR

A

calcium deposit in plantar fascia near calcaneus

70
Q

aka: plantar fasciitis

A

plantar fasciopathy

71
Q

define MORTON’S NEUROMA

A

pain on ball of foot from swollen nerve gen between 3rd & 4th toes

72
Q

define POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDON DYSFUNCTION (PTTD)

A

tendon supporting arch weakens

73
Q

aka: Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

A

fallen arches

74
Q

define SHIN SPLINT

A

tibialis anterior tear away from tibia

75
Q

define ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME (ITBS)

A

iliotibial band rubs against bone (gen knee) from overuse leads to pain above knee joint

76
Q

define SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI)

A

bone presses/injures cord

77
Q

define MYOPARESIS

A

weakness/slight muscular paralysis

78
Q

define HEMIPARESIS

A

weakness/slight paralysis on 1 side

79
Q

define HEMIPLEGIA

A

total paralysis on 1 side

80
Q

define PARAPLEGIA

A

paralysis both legs & lower body

81
Q

paraplegia is also called what

A

partial paralysis

82
Q

define QUADRIPLEGIA

A

paralysis of all 4 extremeties

83
Q

aka: quadriplegia

A

tetraplegia

84
Q

define DYSTAXIA

A

partial ataxia, milder

85
Q

define FLACCIDITY

A

muscles flabby/relaxes/defective or absent tone

86
Q

define MYOCELE

A

herniation of muscle thru tear in fascia

87
Q

define MYOLYSIS

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

88
Q

define MYORRHEXIS

A

rupture, tearing of muscle

89
Q

describe PARAESTHESIA

A

abnormal sensation but not painful; tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, burning

90
Q

define RIGOR/RIGIDITY

A

muscle stiffness bc of chemical change

91
Q

define DEEP TENDON REFLEXES

A

reflex hammer on tendon to determine homeostasis between cord & PNS

92
Q

aka: deep tendon reflexes

A

knee-jerk test

93
Q

define ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

A

measure electrical activity in fibers w/stimulation in patients w/weakness & impaired muscle strength

94
Q

define GONIOMETRY

A

measurement of ROM in joint

95
Q

define NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING (NMI)

A

radioactive substance & camera visualize structure & function

96
Q

define SONOGRAPHY

A

high-frequency sound waves show structures

97
Q

aka: sonography

A

diagnostic sonography/ultrasound

98
Q

define CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE

A

surgical enlargement of carpal tunnel or cut carpal ligament to reduce pressure on median nerve

99
Q

define ANTISPASMODIC

A

suppress smooth muscle contractions (stomach, intestine, bladder)

100
Q

aka: antispasmodic

A

anticholinergic

101
Q

define CORTISONE

A

corticosteroid for pain & inflammation

102
Q

describe a MUSCLE RELAXANT

A

act on CNS; for stiffness, pain, & discomfort; possibel negative reaction w/alcohol & antidepressants

103
Q

define NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING DRUGS

A

temporary paralysis adjunct w/anesthesia in surgery

104
Q

describe PLATELET-RICH PLASMA THERAPY

A

patient’s blood make concentrated platelet-rich plasma; healing & pain management of joint

105
Q

define VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION

A

direct injections of hyaluronic acid to knee to increase viscous fluid for temporary relief for arthritis

106
Q

aka: viscosupplementation

A

chicken shots

107
Q

describe MYOFASCIAL RELEASE

A

specialized soft-tissue release; treat fibro, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ disorder, carpal tunnel

108
Q

describe THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND

A

high-frequency sound waves to make heat deep in tissue; reduce pain, muscle spasms, & increase healing & blood flow

109
Q

define TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)

A

device deliver electrical impulse thru skin

110
Q

define FASCIOTOMY

A

incision thru fascia relieves pressure gen for compartment syndrome

111
Q

define TENODESIS

A

surgical suturing tendon end to bone

112
Q

define TENOLYSIS

A

release tendon from adhesions

113
Q

define TENOTOMY

A

surgical cutting of tendon for release/lengthening to correct contraction deformities

114
Q

define MYORRHAPHY

A

surgical suturing of muscle

115
Q

define MYOTOMY

A

surgical incision into muscle

116
Q

define ANALGESIC

A

drug relieves pain

117
Q

describe NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs)

A

group of drugs w/anaglesic, anti-inflammatory, & antipyretic properties; no narcotic effects so less chance of addiction

118
Q

define MUSCLER INNERVATION

A

stimulate muscle by impulse transmitted by motor nerve

119
Q

define CIRCUMDUCTION

A

circular motion @ far end of limb

120
Q

define ROTATION

A

circulation motion around axis

121
Q

define ORIGIN

A

where muscle begins nearest midline & less movable pt of skeleton

122
Q

describe INSERTION

A

where muscle ends; more movable & farther from midline

123
Q

define EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST

A

specialist under physician supervision to create exercise programs & does tests to promote fitness

124
Q

define PHYSIATRIST

A

physician for physical medicine & rehab

125
Q

define ERGONOMICS

A

study of human factors affecting design & operation of tools & work

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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