Muscular Flashcards
define MUSCLE FIBERS
long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue
define FASCIA
flexible band of connective tissue envelop, separate, or bind muscles
describe TENDON
narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue; bone + muscle
list parts of quads
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
lists parts of hamstring
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
frontalis is also called what
occiptofrontalis
what is the nickname for the gastrocnemius
“stomach of the leg”
define ATONIC
lacking muscle tone
define MUSCLE TONE
state of balanced muscle tension creating normal posture, coordination, & movement
define HYPOTONIA
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
define MYOPATHY
any pathological change/disease of muscle tissue
define FIBROMYALGIA
broad condition of tendons, muscles, & joints
s/s: fibromyalgia
fatigue, diffuse/specific muscle/joint/bone pain, etc
define TENOSYNOVITIS
inflammation of tendon sheath
tendinitis can also be spelled like what
tendonitis
define TENDINOSIS
chronic pain condition bc repetitive overuse/unhealed injury of tendon
describe CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)
fatigue not improved by bed rest & worse w/activity; symptoms similar to fibro
define ADHESION
fibrous band abnormally or normally holding structures (normal = healing wound)
define ATROPHY
weakness/wearing away of tissue/structure
cause: adhesion
inflammation or trauma (injury/surgery)
define CACHEXIA
physically wasting away
cause: cachexia
weight & muscle mass loss from disease/disuse
define HERNIA
tissue protrudes thru weak spot of containment into another area
describe INGUINAL HERNIA
most common; intestines protrude thru weak lower ab wall/groin
cause: inguinal hernia
obesity, pregnancy, heaving lifting, straining
describe HIATAL HERNIA
upper part of stomach protrude thru esophageal opening into diaphragm; lead to GERD & pyrosis
define POLYMYOSITIS
muscle disease w/inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles gen closest to trunk
define RHABDOMYOLYSIS
death of muscle fibers release content to blood stream leading to complications like renal failure
describe SARCOPENIA
loss of muscle mass, strength, & function w/age; slowed by weight/resistance training
describe DYSTONIA
movement disorder w/involuntary &/or repetitive contractions; symptoms of Parkinson’s, strokes, brain injuries, etc
describe ATAXIA
lack of coordination w/voluntary movement; shaky & unsteady
cause: ataxia
abnormal activity in cerebellum
describe CONTRACTURE
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin; normal connective tissue becomes nonelastic & fibrous
cause: contracture
scarring or disease
define INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
pain in leg muscles during exercise & fixed w/rest
cause: intermittent claudication
poor circulation (associate w/PVD)
describe MYOCLONUS
quick, involuntary jerking of muscles; neurological disorder (epilepsy), metabolic condition, drug response, sleep (normal)
describe CLONUS
repetitive contraction of knee/ankle muscles; associate w/cerebral palsy, stroke, MS, etc
define SINGULTUS
myoclonus of diaphragm spasms
singultus is also called what
hiccups
torticollis is also called what
wryneck
define TORTICOLLIS
stiff neck bc spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, pulling head to 1 side
DEFINE BRADYKINESIA
extreme slowness in movement; Parkinson’s
define DYSKINESIA
distortion/impairment of voluntary movement; jerky & fragmented
define HYPERKINESIA
abnormally increased muscle function/activity
hyperkinesia is also called what
hyperactivity
define MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
chronic autoimmune; weakness & rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles bc of affected neuromuscular junctions
describe MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
group of genetic disease w/progressive weakness & degeneration of muscles w/o impacting nerves; no treatment
describe DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)
common in boys 3-5 yrs; sex-linked & recessive; most unable to walk @ 12 w/breathing difficulty & heart disease; weaken shoulder & pelvic girdles
define BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD)
similar to DMD but less severe