Lymphatic/Immune Flashcards
purpose of lymphatic system
absorb fat & fat-soluble vitamins thru lacteals, remove waste & destroy pathogens, return filtered lymph to veins
define LEUKOCYTE
white blood cell
define MUCOUS
adjective describing specialized membranes that line body cavities
define MUCUS
noun; fluid secreted by mucous membranes
define LACTEALS
specialized structures that absorb fats that can’t go thru blood & transforms them to be put in blood
describe INTERSTITIAL FLUID
plasma from arterial blood from arterioles to capillaries flowing into spaces between cells of tissues that deliver nutrients, O2, & hormones & bring waste & protein when leaving; 90% returning fluid
interstitial fluid is also known as
intercellular or intertissue fluid
describe LYMPH
10% return fluid that is not interstitial fluid; clear, faintly yellow & watery w/electrolytes & proteins; remove dead cells, debris, & pathogen
define LYMPHATIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
upward movement, fluid filtered by lymph nodes & depend on pumping motion of muscles to move liquid
aka: lymph
lymphatic fluid
aka: lymphatic circulatory system
secondary circulatory system
describe LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
microscopic, sealed on 1 side & tubes near surface; separate to bring lymph & close to push up & forward
define LYMPHATIC VESSELS
vessels deep in tissue w/valves to prevent backflow & form ducts to drain
describe RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
right side of head & neck, upper right body quadrant & right arm; empty into right subclavian vein
thoracic duct
largest lymphatic vessel; left side of head & neck, LUG, left arm, lower trunk, legs’ empty into left subclavian vein
describe LYMPH NODES
lymphocytes destroy harmful stuff in lymph & filter to rejoin circulation; 400-700 in body in 3 groups (cervical, axillary, & inguinal)
define LYMPHOCYTES
leukocytes formed in bone marrow as stem cells that defend against antigens
aka: lymphocytes
lymphoid cells
define NATURAL KILLER CELLS
lymphocytes kill cancer/infected cells
define B CELLS
lymphocytes deal w/humoral immunity & immunoglobulins
aka: b cells
b lymphocytes
define HUMORAL IMMUNITY
turn plasma cells & secrete immunoglobulins
define IMMUNOGLOBULINS
antibody destroy antigen & then turns into plasma cell to secrete antibodies
define T CELLS
help in cell-mediated immunity
aka: t cells
T lymphocytes
describe CYTOKINES
group of proteins released by T-cells to act as intracellular signals for immune response; types = cytotoxic, helper, natural killer
define INTERFERONS
made in response to antigens to activate immune system, slow/stop virus multiplication, & signal cells to increase defense
define INTERLEUKINS
direct B & T cells to divide & proliferate (+ other stuff)
components of cell-mediated immunity
interleukins, interferons, cytokines
define CYTOTOXIC CELLS (T8)
attach to antigens & destroy
define HELPER CELLS (T4)
aid B cells to recognize antigens & stimulate antibody production
define NATURAL KILLER CELLS (NK cells)
target pathogenic cells (viruses & cancers) by recognizing sugars
describe TONSILS
3 masses of lymphoid tissue in protective ring to stop pathogens to respiratory from nose & mouth (adenoids, palatine, lingual)
describe THYMUS
mass of lymphoid above heart that stimulates lymphocytes into T cells; biggest @ puberty & shrinks w/age
define VERMIFORM APPENDIX
mass of lymphoid tissue that hangs from lower part of cecum
define SPLEEN
sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue in LUQ inferior diaphragm & posterior stomach
purpose of spleen
filters microorganisms & foreign from blood; forms lymphocytes & monocytes; destroyes RBCs; store extra RBCs & maintain balance between plasma & RBCs
define ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION
bind antigen to antibodies so immune can recognize & destroy
aka: antigen-antibody reaction
immune reaction
define TOLERANCE
acquired unresponsiveness to specific antigen or decline in responsiveness to drug
describe IMMUNOGLOBULINS
bind w/specific antigens in antigen-antibody response; types = G, A, M, D, E
describe IgG
most abundant & main defense; blood & lymph; fight bacteria, fungus, viruses, & foreign particles; 75% all Ig; only one that can cross placenta
describe IgA
gen against ingested antigens; bodily secretions/fluids; prevent attachment of virus & bacteria to epithelial surface
define IgM
in circulating bodily fluids & 1st to appear in response to exposure
define IgD
only on surface of B cells & important in B cell activation
define IgE
made in lungs, skin, mucous membranes & responsible for allergic reactions
describe PHAGOCYTES
specialized leukocytes part of antigen-antibody that destroys cell debris, dust, pollen, & pathogens; types = monocytes, macrophage, dendritic cells, mast cells
define MONOCYTES
leukocytes w/immunological defenses & become macrophages & dendritic cells after leaving bloodstream
define MACROPHAGE
leukocyte surround & kill to remove dead cells & stimulate immune cells
describe DENDRITIC CELLS
specialized leukocytes patrol body; grabs & swallows & alerts B & T cells
describe COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
group of proteins circulate blood when inactive; together w/antibodies dissolve & remove pathogenic bacteria & foreign cells
describe IMMUNITY
state of being resistant to disease; natural/passive (since birth/breast milk) & acquired (have had disease/vaccine)
describe MYCOSIS
any abnormal condition/disease bc of fungus
describe LYMPHADENITIS lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes gen indicating infection
aka: lymphadenitis
swollen glands
define LYMPHADENOPATHY
any disease affecting lymph nodes
describe LYMPANGIOMA
benign tumor from weird collection of lymphatic vessels bc congenital malformation of lymphatic system
define RUPTURED SPLEEN
covering of spleen torn
describe LYMPHEDEMA (LE)
swelling form abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues bc of damage to system; associated w/infections
define ALLERGIC REACTION
immune system reacts to harmless allergen
aka: allergy
hypersensitivity
define ALLERGY
overreaction to particular allergen
define LOCALIZED ALLERGIC RESPONSE localized allergic response
redness, itching, & burning after allergen contact
aka: localized allergic response
cellular response
define SYSTEMIC REACTION
anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock
define ANAPHYLAXIS
severe & potentially fatal allergic reaction w/hives, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, shock
describe AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
immune system makes antibodies against own; genetic & predominant in childbearing age women
define IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDER
missing/deficient in +1 part of immune response