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HOSA: Med Term > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

define ILEUM

A

last & longest part of small intestine

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2
Q

define PERITONEUM

A

multilayered membrane protecting & holding organs in abdominal cavity

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3
Q

define PARIETAL PERITONEUM

A

outer layer of peritoneum lining interior abdominal wall

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4
Q

define MESENTERY

A

fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall

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5
Q

define VISCERAL PERITONEUM

A

inner layer of peritoneum surrounding organs of abdominal cavity

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6
Q

define RETROPERITONEAL

A

behind peritoneum

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7
Q

List the parts/sections of the GI tract

A

upper: mouth to stomach
lower: small intestine to anus
accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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8
Q

define PALATE

A

roof of the mouth comprised of 3 parts

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9
Q

define HARD PALATE

A

anterior part of the palate covered w/mucous membranes

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10
Q

define SOFT PALATE

A

flexible, posterior part of the palate that closes the nasal passage way when swallowing

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11
Q

describe UVULA

A

structure that hangs from the soft palate (3rd part) that moves when swallowing & allows snoring/formation of sounds

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12
Q

define TONGUE

A

strong, flexible, muscle attached posteriorly

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13
Q

define DORSUM

A

upper surface of tongue w/protective covering & papillae

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14
Q

define SUBLINGUAL SURFACE

A

highly vascular part of tongue that can absorb medication

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15
Q

define LINGUAL FRENUM

A

attaches tongue to floor fo mouth to limit motion

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16
Q

define PERIODONTIUM

A

structures surrounding, supporting, & attached to teeth

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17
Q

define GINGIVIA

A

mucous membranes covering dental arches

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18
Q

what are other names for gingiva

A

masticatory mucosa or gums

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19
Q

define SULCUS

A

space between tooth & ginigva

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20
Q

define DENTAL ARCHES

A

bony structures holding teeth (maxillary & mandibular attached by TMI)

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21
Q

define OCCLUSION

A

contact between chewing surfaces of jaws

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22
Q

parts of the teeth

A

crown, root, cervix, dentin, pulp cavity/root canal, pulp

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23
Q

define SALIVA

A

substance that maintains teeth health & begins digestion (amylase)

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24
Q

define ESOPHAGUS

A

tube from pharynx to stomach

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25
Q

define LOWER ESOPHAGEAL/CARDIAC SPHINCTER

A

between esophagus & stomach to prevent regurgitation

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26
Q

3 parts of the stomach

A

fundus: upper round part
Body: main
Antrum: lower part

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27
Q

define RUGAE

A

fold in mucosa stomach lining allowing in crease & decrease in size

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28
Q

what comprises of gastric juices

A

enzymes & HCI

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29
Q

define PYLORIC SPHINCTER

A

ring @ base of stomach before duodenum

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30
Q

define PYLORUS

A

passage connecting stomach & intestine

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31
Q

parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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32
Q

define CECUM

A

from ileum to colon

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33
Q

define VERMIFORM APPENDIX

A

mass of lymphoid tissue hangs from lower part of cecum

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34
Q

define COLON

A

longest part of large intestine split in 4 parts

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35
Q

give the order of the colon parts

A

ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid

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36
Q

define RECTUM

A

last 4” of large intestines to anus

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37
Q

what is the anus controlled by

A

internal & external sphincters

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38
Q

define ANORECTAL

A

anus & rectum as 1 unit

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39
Q

define LIVER

A

removes excess blood sugar via glycogen & creates bile & bilirubin

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40
Q

define BILE

A

digest fat

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41
Q

define BILIRUBIN

A

pigment made from hemoglobin breakdown to bile

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42
Q

define BILIARY TREE

A

channels transporting bile to small intestine

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43
Q

define COMMON HEPATIC DUCT

A

trunk of biliary tree

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44
Q

define COMMON BILE DUCT

A

common hepatic duct + cystic duct

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45
Q

define GALLBLADDER

A

concentrates & store bile under liver; pushes bile thru biliary tree via contraction

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46
Q

define METABOLISM

A

all processes involving usage of nutrients

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47
Q

define ABSORPTION

A

completely digested nutrients transported to cells

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48
Q

define MASTICATION

A

chewing

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49
Q

define BOLUS

A

mass of chewed food w/saliva

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50
Q

define CHYME

A

semifluid mass of partly digested food past the stomach

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51
Q

define BORBORYGMUS

A

rumbling sound from gas/fluid movement

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52
Q

list pancreatic enzymes

A

amylase, lipase, protease, insulin

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53
Q

define AMYLASE

A

pancreatic enzyme that breaks down carbs/sugars

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54
Q

define LIPASE

A

pancreatic enzyme help break down fat

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55
Q

define PROTEASE

A

pancreatic enzyme help break down proteins

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56
Q

define INSULIN

A

pancreatic enzyme aiding in absorption of sugar

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57
Q

which is used more commonly: gastralgia or gastrodynia

A

gastralgia

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58
Q

another name for gastroenteritis

A

stomach bug

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59
Q

s/s: gastroenteritis

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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60
Q

s/s: gastritis

A

nausea & vomiting

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61
Q

cause: gastritis

A

bacteria

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62
Q

define ABDOMINOCENTESIS

A

surgical puncture of abdomen to remove fluid

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63
Q

define PYELITIS

A

inflammation of renal pelvis

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64
Q

define PYROSIS

A

discomfort bc of regurgitation of stomah acid

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65
Q

pyrosis is also known as

A

heartburn

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66
Q

define PERITONITIS

A

inflammation of peritoneum/abdominal cavity

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67
Q

cause: peritonitis

A

bacterial infection gen after ruptured organ/trauma

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68
Q

define CANKER SORES

A

gray-white pits w/red border inside mouth

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69
Q

canker sours are also known as

A

aphthous ulcers

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70
Q

cause: canker sores

A

unknown, stress, food, fever

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71
Q

define CHEILITIS

A

inflammation of lips w/crack like sores @ corners of mouth

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72
Q

cheilitis is also known as

A

cheilosis

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73
Q

define COLD SORES

A

blisters on face

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74
Q

cold sores are also known as

A

herpes labialis or fever blisters

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75
Q

define LEUKOPLAKIA

A

abnormal white & gen benign sore on tongue/inside cheek/genitalia/digestive tract/urinary tract

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76
Q

cause: leukoplakia

A

chronic irritation of mouth (or other structure)

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77
Q

define STOMATITIS

A

inflammation of mucosa of mouth

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78
Q

define ORAL THRUSH

A

fungal infection of mouth w/creamy white lesions on tongue/inner cheek

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79
Q

oral thrush is generally seen in what demographic

A

infants, seniors w/weak immune system, ppl on antibiotics

80
Q

define TRISMUS

A

restriction to opening mouth

81
Q

cause: trismus

A

trauma, surgery, radiation

82
Q

trismus is also called

A

lock jaw

83
Q

trismus can impaire what

A

speaking, swallowing, & nutrition

84
Q

xerostomia is also called what

A

dry mouth

85
Q

cause of xerostomia

A

medications or radiation

86
Q

s/s: xerostomia

A

discomfort, difficulty swallowing, dental decay, change in taste

87
Q

define CLEFT LIP PALATE

A

palate (upper lip, hard palate, soft palate) fails to close

88
Q

problems associated w/cleft lip palate

A

difficult to eat & speak

89
Q

problems associated w/cleft lip palate

A

difficult to eat & speak

90
Q

define BRUXISM

A

involuntary teeth grinding w/sleep or stress

91
Q

issues w/bruxism

A

wear down teeth, damage periodontal tissue, injure tMI

92
Q

cause: dental caries

A

bacteria

93
Q

define DENTAL PLAQUE

A

major cause of cavities & periodontal disease from bacteria & bacterial by-products

94
Q

define EDENTULOUS

A

w/o permanent teeth

95
Q

halitosis is also known as

A

bad breath

96
Q

cause: halitosis

A

dental disease, respiratory/gastric disorders

97
Q

define MALOCCLUSION

A

progressive disease of inflammation around teeth

98
Q

malocclusion is also called

A

periodontitis

99
Q

define DENTAL CALCULUS

A

calcified dental plaque

100
Q

dental calculus is also called

A

tartar

101
Q

define GUM RECESSION

A

shrinking of gingival tissue w/age

102
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is also called

A

trench mouth or ANUG

103
Q

cause: ANUG

A

abnormal bacteria growth in mouth

104
Q

s/s: ANUG

A

inflammation, bleeding, deep ulceration, necrosis

105
Q

define DYSPHAGIA

A

difficult/painful swallowing

106
Q

define EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS

A

chronic immune disease where eosinophils build up in esophagus

107
Q

define ESOPHAGITIS

A

inflammation of esophagus lining

108
Q

cause: esophagitis

A

infection or stomach acids from GERD

109
Q

define GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

A

acid reflux

110
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease is also called

A

GERD

111
Q

define BARRET’S ESOPHAGUS

A

epithelial cells of esophagus damaged from chronic acid exposure

112
Q

barett’s esophagus is associated w/what things

A
  • can be developed from GERD
  • can increase risk of esophageal cancer
113
Q

define STRICTURE

A

abnormal narrowing of passage from sacr tissue/damage

114
Q

define ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

A

twisted & swollen veins distal esophagus/upper stomach

115
Q

esophageal varices are associated w/..

A

serious liver disease & severe bleeding (rupture)

116
Q

define GASTROPARESIS

A

gastric motility slows down, delaying gastric emptying

117
Q

define PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

A

gastric/duodenal ulcers affect mucous membranes of digestive

118
Q

cause: peptic ulcer disease

A

bacteria or medications

119
Q

define ANOREXIA

A

loss of appetite caused by disease

120
Q

define CACHEXIA

A

physically wasting away from loss of weight & muscle mass where body can’t absorb nutrients

121
Q

define FAILURE TO THRIVE

A

infant/child doesn’t grow as expected

122
Q

cause: failure to thrive

A

any reasons

123
Q

define MALABSORPTION

A

small intestine can’t absorb nutrients

124
Q

define MALNUTRITION

A

lack proper food/nutrients

125
Q

cause: malnutrition

A

shortage of food, poor eating habits, imability to digest/absorb/distribute nutrients

126
Q

define AEROPHAGIA

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating/drinking

127
Q

aerophagia is associated w/what

A

gas in stomach

128
Q

define DYSPEPSIA

A

pain/discomfort during digestion

129
Q

dyspepsia is also called

A

indigestion

130
Q

define HEMATEMESIS

A

vomiting coagulated blood

131
Q

define GLUTEN INTOLERANCE

A

digestive distress but no intestinal damage

132
Q

gluten intolerance is also called

A

non-celiac gluten sensitivity

133
Q

define LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

A

absence of lactase to process lactose

134
Q

lactose intolerance is common in what demographics

A

AA & East Asians

135
Q

s/s: Small intestinal bacterial growth

A

gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation

136
Q

define COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

A

1st appears as polyps in colon, rectum or both

137
Q

colorectal carcinoma is also called

A

colon cancer

138
Q

define POLYPS

A

mushroom-like growth from mucous membrane that is benign/malignant

139
Q

define DIVERTICULOSIS

A

chronic abnormal # of diverticula in weak spots of colon wall/GI

140
Q

define DIVERTICULUM

A

small pouch in lining of wall/tubular organ

141
Q

diverticulosis is common in what demographic

A

ppl +50 yrs

142
Q

define DIVERTICULITIS

A

inflammation/infection of at least 1 diverticulum of colon

143
Q

s/s: diverticulitis

A

sudden ab pain, cramping, nausea

144
Q

cause: enteritis

A

ingestion of viral/bacterial infection

145
Q

DEFINE ischemic colitis

A

part of large intestine partly/completely deprived of blood

146
Q

define ILEUS

A

part/complete blockage of small/large intestine

147
Q

cause: ileus

A

stopping of peristalsis in area or abdominal surgery (temporary & normal 24-72 hrs post op)

148
Q

s/s: ileus

A

severe pain, cramping, distention, vomiting, inability to fart/defecate, fever

149
Q

s/s: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

A

common group of symptoms: intermittent cramping, ab pain, constipation w/stress & tension, diarrhea, bloating

150
Q

describe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

A

disease-causing inflammation of intestines causing an increase in risk of colorectal cancer; chronic, incurable, flares

151
Q

s/s: IBD

A

abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, enteropathic arthritis, diarrhea

152
Q

describe: ULCERATIVE COLITIS

A

autoimmune; chronic inflammation of rectum & large intestines –> ulcers & irritation. Only affects innermost lining & increase risk for colon cancer

153
Q

describe: CROHN’S DISEASE

A

autoimmune; inflammation of anywhere in GI tract (gen ileum & colon); affect every layer of tissue –> scarring & thickening –> blockage

154
Q

define INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

A

part/complete blockage of either intestine from physical object

155
Q

cause: intestinal obstruction

A

scar tissue, tumor, bezoar (indigestible materials)

156
Q

describe STRANGULATING OBSTRUCTION

A

blood to intestines blocked –> necrosis, gangrene, perforation

157
Q

define INTESTINAL ADHESIONS

A

fibrous bands band intestines together bc of trauma/inflammation

158
Q

define INTUSSUSCEPTION

A

folding of 1 part of intestine into opening of adjacent section

159
Q

define VOLVULUS

A

twisting of intestine

160
Q

define STRANGULATED HERNIA

A

intestine in hernia constricted –> ischemia

161
Q

define CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

A

bacterial infection causing diarrhea & inflammation of colon

162
Q

define DYSENTERY

A

bacterial infection spread thru food/H2O contaminated w/feces

163
Q

cause: e. coli

A

bacteria thru poorly cooked food

164
Q

salmonellosis is also known as

A

salmonella

165
Q

cause: salmonellosis

A

transmit via feces; eating undercooked meat, seafood, eggs, unpasteurized dairy

166
Q

define CONSTIPATION

A

< 3 bowel movements/wk; stool hard, dry, small, & difficult to dry

167
Q

cause: constipation

A

lack of fiber, disease, medication, pelvic floor dysfunction

168
Q

define HEMORRHOIDS

A

cluster of veins, muscles, tissue slip near/thru anal opening & varicose veins of anus

169
Q

s/s: hemorrhoids

A

pain, fecal leakage, itching, bleeding

170
Q

define RECTOCELE

A

bulging/herniation of front wall of rectum into vaginal wall

171
Q

rectocele is also called

A

rectal prolapse

172
Q

cause: rectocele

A

birth, pregnancy

173
Q

define HEMATOCHEZIA

A

bright red blood in stool (bleed lower GI)

174
Q

define MELENA

A

black, tarry, foul smelling stools from digested blood from bleeding in upper GI

175
Q

describe STEATORRHEA

A

excess fat in stool –> frothy & foul-smelling stools

176
Q

cause: steatorrhea

A

pancreatic disease, removal of gallbladder, malabsorption disorders

177
Q

define ASCITES

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

178
Q

cause: ascites

A

gen severe liver disease

179
Q

define HEPATITIS

A

inflammation of liver from viral infection; leading cause of liver cancer & transplants

180
Q

define HEPATITIS A

A

highly contagious & acute from contaminated food & H2O w/infected feces; vaccine

181
Q

define HEPATITIS B

A

bloodborne disease & chronic; transmit via bodily fluids; vaccine, potentially fatal

182
Q

define HEPATITIS C

A

bloodborne disease & chronic; transmit via bodily fluids; asymptomatic for years & destroy liver; no vaccine, potentially fatal

183
Q

describe CIRRHOSIS

A

chronic degenerative disease of liver w/scarring; fills w/fat –> other issues

184
Q

cause: cirrhosis

A

excessive alcohol, drug, medication use, hepatits B or C

185
Q

describe NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)

A

more serious version of NAFLD; fatty accumulations + liver inflammation –> cirrhosis, irreversible scarring, cancer

186
Q

describe NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)

A

accumuleadinglation of fat in liver not bc of alcohol; leading liver disorder in US

187
Q

define CHOLANGITIS

A

acute inflammation of bile duct

188
Q

cause: cholangitis

A

generally bacterial infection

189
Q

s/s: cholangitis

A

pain in RUQ, fever, jaundice

190
Q

define CHOLECYSTITIS

A

inflammation of gallbladder; associate w/gallstones

191
Q

define GALLSTONES

A

hard deposit from concentration of bile in gallbladder & ducts

192
Q

gallstones are also called

A

cholelith

193
Q

define ANAL FISTULA

A

abnormal passageway between anus & skin near anus

194
Q

cause: anal fistula

A

infection –> bascess

195
Q

define CHOLELITHIASIS

A

abnormal condition of stones in gallbladder

196
Q

define PERIODONTAL DISEASE

A

inflammation & degneration of gums, teeth, & bone

197
Q

define JAUNDICE

A

yellowing of skin/tissue bc of high bilirubin

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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