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HOSA: Med Term > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

describe PARANASAL SINUSES

A

air-filled cavities w/mucous membranes near bones of skull to make head lighter, give resonance to voice, & make mucus for lubrication; 4 pairs (frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid)

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2
Q

describe FRONTAL PARANASAL SINUSES

A

frontal bone above eyebrows; infection leads to severe pain

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3
Q

describe SPHENOID PARANASAL SINUSES

A

behind eye under pituitary close to optic nerve; infection leads to vision damage

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4
Q

describe MAXILLARY PARANASAL SINUSES

A

largest; under eyes; infection leads to pain posterior maxillary teeth

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5
Q

describe ETHMOID PARANASAL SINUSES

A

between nose & eyes; irregular shaped air cells thinly separated from orbital cavity

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6
Q

describe the PHARYNX

A

takes air & food; 3 parts (nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx)

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7
Q

aka: pharynx

A

the throat

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8
Q

define the NASOPHARYNX

A

posterior to nasal cavity down behind mouth

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9
Q

define the OROPHARYNX

A

visible thru mouth between soft palate & epiglottis passing air & food to laryngopharynx

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10
Q

define the LARYNGOPHARYNX

A

after oropharynx; where food & air separate

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11
Q

describe the TRACHEA

A

transport air; in front of esophagus; has flexible C shaped cartilage rings to open tube

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12
Q

aka: trachea

A

windpipe

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13
Q

define the BRONCHI

A

branches from trachea

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14
Q

aka: bronchi

A

primary bronchi or bronchial tree

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15
Q

define the ALVEOLI

A

surrounded by pulmonary cavities for O2 & CO2 exchange & make surfactant for stability

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16
Q

aka: alveoli

A

air sacs

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17
Q

describe the RIGHT LUNG

A

larger; 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)

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18
Q

describe the LEFT LUNG

A

2 lobes (upper & lower)

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19
Q

define MEDIASTINUM

A

space between lungs

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20
Q

define PLEURA

A

thin, moist, & slippery membrane outside lungs & inside thoracic cavity

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21
Q

describe the PARIETAL PLEURA

A

outer layer lining walls of thoracic cavity, covers diaphragm, & forms lung sacs; attaches to chest wall

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22
Q

define VISCERAL PLEURA

A

inner layer that covers & attaches to lungs

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23
Q

define PLEURAL CAVITY

A

thin fluid filled area between parietal & visceral pleura for lubrication

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24
Q

aka: pleural cavity

A

pleural space

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25
Q

define PHRENIC NERVES

A

stimulate diaphragm to contract

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26
Q

what 2 things consist respiration

A

1 inhale + 1 exhale

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27
Q

define EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

breathing

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28
Q

define INTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

cellular gas exchange

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29
Q

describe INHALATION

A

diaphragm contracts & moves down for expansion & the created negative pressure draws air in

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30
Q

describe EXHALATION

A

diaphragm relaxes & moves up to increase pressure

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31
Q

define ADENOIDS

A

mass of gland-like lymphoid tissues @ back of upper pharynx

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32
Q

describe CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

A

group of disease that obstruct bronchial air flow; s/s: persistent dypnea w/exerition, chronic cough, <50% normal inspiratory capacity

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33
Q

define CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

A

airways inflamed from irritants

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34
Q

describe EMPHYSEMA

A

progressive long term loss of lung function with decrease in # of alveoli making it harder to breathe & expand; alveoli also abnormally big in size & lose elasticity leading to SOB & impaired heart function

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35
Q

define AIRWAY INFLAMMATION

A

bronchi swell & clog w/mucus gen after allergies

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36
Q

define BRONCHOSPASM

A

spasm of smooth muscles in bronchi walls

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37
Q

describe UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

A

caused by any of 200 viruses; inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes

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38
Q

aka: upper respiratory infection

A

acute nasopharyngitis, common cold or rhinopharyngitis

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39
Q

describe ALLERGIC RHINITIS

A

allergic disease of mucous membranes in nose & upper respiratory bc of exposure to pollen/allergenic substance

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40
Q

describe NONALLERGENIC RHINITIS

A

not caused by allergen; ex) cold air, meds, spicy food

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41
Q

aka: allergic rhinitis

A

allergy for airborne allerge or hay fever

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42
Q

describe CROUP

A

acute respiratory infection in kids & infants; s/s: larynx obstruction, hoarseness, swelling of vocal cords, bark cough, stridor

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43
Q

define STRIDOR

A

harsh & high pitch sound from blockage

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44
Q

define EPISTAXIS

A

nose bleed

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45
Q

cause: epistaxis

A

dry air, medication, high blood pressure

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46
Q

describe INFLUENZA

A

acute, highly contagious viral infection spread via droplets; s/s: respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, muscle pain

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47
Q

describe PERTUSSIS

A

contagious bacterial infection of upper respiratory; s/s: recurrent paroxysmal cough, breathlessness, noisy inspiration; preventable w/vaccine (DTap/Tdap)

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48
Q

describe RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV)

A

common & highly contagious viral infection spread via droplets; gen mild & cold like; can lead to bronchiolitis

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49
Q

describe RHINORRHEA

A

runny nose

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50
Q

aka: pharyngitis

A

sore throat

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51
Q

describe STREP THROAT

A

pharyngitis from bactera; red, painful, & purulent throat

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52
Q

describe LARYNGOSPASM

A

sudden spasmodic closure of larynx; sometimes w/GERD

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53
Q

define APHONIA

A

only able to whisper

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54
Q

aka: aphonia

A

lost voice

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55
Q

describe DYSPHONIA

A

difficulty speaking; s/s: hoarseness, weakness, cracking

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56
Q

define LARYNGITIS

A

voice lost bc of inflammation of larynx

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57
Q

define ACUTE BRONCHITIS

A

inflammation of bronchi gen from viral infection; s/s: productive cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, low fever

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58
Q

aka: acute bronchitis

A

chest cold

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59
Q

define BRONCHIECTASIS

A

permanent thickening of bronchi walls bc of chronic infection & inflammation

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60
Q

define BRONCHORRHEA

A

excessive discharge of water mucus from bronchi bc chronic bronchitis or asthma

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61
Q

define PLEURISY

A

inflammation of pleura

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62
Q

aka: pleurisy

A

pleuritis

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63
Q

cause: pleurisy

A

trauma, tuberculosis, connective tissue disease, infection

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64
Q

describe PLEURODYNIA

A

sharp chest pain bc of pleurisy; inflamed pleural membranes rube w/inhalation

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65
Q

describe PLEURAL EFFUSION

A

excess accumulation of fluid in pleural space leading to fluid into pleural cavity causing limited lung expansion & breathlessness; common w/pneumona, CHF, & kidney/liver disease

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66
Q

define PYOTHORAX

A

pus in pleural cavity between pleural layers bc of bacterial infection

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67
Q

aka: pyothorax

A

pleural empyema

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68
Q

define EMPYEMA

A

collection of pus in any body cavity

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69
Q

describe HEMOTHORAX

A

blood/bodily fluid in pleural cavity bc of trauma, disease, or surgery; common w/pneumonia, TB, & malignant tumors

70
Q

describe PNEUMOTHORAX

A

air in pleural space causing pressure imbalance & full/partial collapse bc of trauma/lung disease related rupture

71
Q

define ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS)

A

lung inflammation & fluid in alveoli cause low O2 levels bc O2 can’t reach blood

72
Q

cause of ARDS

A

trauma, pneumonia, smoke/fumes, inhaled vomit, sepsis

73
Q

describe ATELECTASIS

A

incomplete expansion of part/all lung from blockage or pneumothorax; alveoli can’t expand

74
Q

aka: atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

75
Q

define GRANULOMA

A

local area of inflammation in lungs

76
Q

describe PULMONARY EDEMA

A

fluid in lung tissue (esp alveoli); gen symptom for heart failure

77
Q

define PULMONARY EMBOLISM

A

sudden blockage of pulmonary artery from embolus

78
Q

describe TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

A

infectious disease that gen attacks lungs & in ppl w/weak immune systems; can be latent in healthy ppl & drug resistant

79
Q

define PNEUMONIA

A

alveoli & air passages filled w/pus & fluid

80
Q

cause: pneumonia

A

infection, bacteria, fungi, virus, aspiration, pollution/chemical

81
Q

describe COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP)

A

from contagious infection outside hospital; gen bacterial but can be fungal/viral

82
Q

define BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

A

bacterial pneumonia that gen leads to lobar pneumonia

83
Q

define LOBAR PNEUMONIA

A

at least 1 lobe affected

84
Q

define HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

A

defenses impaired & acquired @ hospital

85
Q

aka: hospital acquired pneumonia

A

nosocomial pneumonia

86
Q

describe MYCOPLASMA

A

milder & longer lasting; bacterial

87
Q

aka: mycoplasma

A

walking pneumonia

88
Q

define PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA (PCP or PJP)

A

opportunistic pneumonia caused by fungus

89
Q

statistic of viral pneumonia

A

~1/2 all pneumonia

90
Q

describe INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

A

group of about 200 disorders causing inflammation & scarring of alveoli & other structures; scarred & stiff cause low O2 transfer

91
Q

describe PULMONARY FIBROSIS

A

progressive formation of scar tissue in lung causing difficulty breathing & decreased lung capacity; an interstitial lung disease

92
Q

define PNEUMOCONIOSIS

A

fibrosis of lung tissues bc of mineral dust

93
Q

define ASBESTOSIS

A

asbestos particles in lung

94
Q

define SILICOSIS

A

siica dust in lungs

95
Q

describe CYSTIC FIBROSIS

A

genetic bc of 2 faulty genes affecting respiratory, digestive, & reproductive; can’t easily process mucus leading to buildup, lungs & pancreas become clogged

96
Q

s/s: cystic fibrosis

A

lung damage, poor growth, nutrtional deficiencies, wheezing, persistent cough, chronic respiratory infections, heat intolerance, pancreatic insufficiency, excessive mucus in lungs, lots of sweating, impaired secretion of intestinal fluids

97
Q

describe BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

A

leading cause of cancer death; origin in bronchi

98
Q

aka: bronchogenic carcinoma

A

lung cancer

99
Q

define BRADYPNEA

A

slow heart rate (<10/min)

100
Q

describe CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION

A

irregular breathing pattern w/alt. rapid/shallow breath & bradypnea/apnea; in comatose & near death ppl

101
Q

define TACHYPNEA

A

abnormally fast respiration (> 20/min)

102
Q

define DYSPNEA

A

difficult/painful breathing

103
Q

aka: dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

104
Q

describe HYPERPNEA

A

gen w/exertion, high altitude, anemia, or sepsis; breathe deeper & more rapid than @ rest

105
Q

describe HYPERVENTILATION

A

faster, deeper, & excessive breathing decreasing CO2 in blood; s/s: anxiety, dizziness, numbness, rapid breathing, tingling hands/feet

106
Q

define HYPOVENTILATION

A

shallow/slow respiration

107
Q

aka: hypoventilation

A

hypopnea

108
Q

define EXPECTORATION

A

coughing/spitting up saliva/mucus/fluid

109
Q

define HEMOPTYSIS

A

spitting up blood/blood stained sputum

110
Q

describe ANOXIA

A

absence of O2 in body even w/good blood flow; >4 min = irreversible brain damage

111
Q

describe HYPOXIA

A

deficient O2 levels in body, less severe than anoxia

112
Q

cause: hypoxia

A

trauma, lung disease, cardiovascular problems, carbon monoxide poisoning, high altitudes

113
Q

define ASPHYXIA

A

loss of consciousness when not enough O2

114
Q

describe CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

A

high CO interfere w/using O2; s/s: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, SOB, headaches, lethargy, confusion

115
Q

define HYPERCAPNIA

A

weirdly high CO2 buildup in blood

116
Q

aka: hypercapnia

A

CO2 retention

116
Q

define HYPOXEMIA

A

low O2 levels in blood

117
Q

describe RESPIRATORY FAILURE

A

respiratory acidosis; O2 dangerously low or CO2 dangerously high

118
Q

define ORTHOPNEA

A

breathing easier when sitting up

119
Q

define RALES

A

abnormal crackling sound w/inhalation indicating fluid or mucus

120
Q

define RHONCHI

A

coarse rattling/high pitched snoring indicating narrowing of air passageway

121
Q

define WHEEZING

A

high pitched sound w/exhalation

122
Q

describe DIPTHERIA

A

serious infection of nose & throat where thick sheet of gray matter covers pharynx obstructing air; preventable w/vaccine

123
Q

define SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)

A

potentially fatal viral infection affecting respiratory & can cause multiorgan failure

124
Q

define BRONCHOSCOPY

A

camera thru nose/mouth to airways

125
Q

define LARYNGOSCOPY

A

flexible/rigid camera thru mouth

126
Q

define PEAK FLOW METER

A

measure air flow out of lungs

127
Q

define POLYSOMNOGRAPHY

A

physiological activity during sleep

128
Q

aka: polysomnograohy

A

sleep study

129
Q

describe PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS (PFTs)

A

tests measure volume. air flow, & gas exchange; factors being gender, height, & sex

130
Q

define SPIROMETER

A

tool measures air capacity & time for every breath

131
Q

define PULSE OXIMETER

A

on finger/earlobe to measure O2 saturation

132
Q

define SPUTUM CYTOLOGY

A

mucus coughed up & examined for cancer

133
Q

describe SPUTUM CULTURE & SENSITIVITY

A

mucus coughed up & monitor for bacterial growth, if growth test sensitivity/resistance to antibiotics; diagnostic & treatment

134
Q

define TB SKIN TESTING

A

small amnt of tuberculin purified protein derivative injected under skin & check reaction 48 hrs later

135
Q

aka: TB skin testing

A

Mantoux PPD skin test

136
Q

define PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

A

x-ray visual of arteries & veins w/contrast

137
Q

define ARTERIAL BLOOD GASSES (test) {ABGs}

A

assess levels of O2 & CO2 in blood

138
Q

describe SWEAT TEST

A

aid diagnosis of CF by measuring sodium in sweat; stimulate sweat w/chemical & electrode

139
Q

describe VENTILATION/PERFUSION (V/Q) SCAN

A

nuclear medicine diagnostic w/inhalation of radioactive air to see if lungs fill & inject dye to see blood flow

140
Q

aka: antitussive

A

cough medicine

141
Q

aka: decongestant

A

nasal decongestant

142
Q

define EXPECTORANT

A

makes mucus thin & less viscous to be easy to cough up

143
Q

describe BRONCHODILATOR

A

inhaled drug relax & expand bronchi & relax muscle spasms in bronchial tubes; short or long acting

144
Q

define NEBULIZER

A

turn liquid medicine to mist for inhalation

145
Q

define ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION

A

tube into trachea to establish/maintain airway

146
Q

define FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY (FESS)

A

treat chronic sinusitis w/endoscope

147
Q

define LARYNGOTOMY

A

surgical incision into larynx done when upper airway obstructed

148
Q

define SEPTOPLASTY

A

surgical repair of nasal septum

149
Q

describe TRACHEOSTOMY

A

surgical creation of stoma into trachea inferior vocal cords by inserting temporary/permanent tube for breathing

150
Q

define PNEUMONECTOMY

A

surgical removal of all/part lung

151
Q

define LOBECTOMY

A

surgical removal of organ lobe

152
Q

define WEDGE RESECTION

A

small wedge shape of lung cancer removed

153
Q

define THORACENTESIS

A

surgical puncture of chest wall w/needle to aspirate fluid from pleural sac

154
Q

define THORACOTOMY

A

incision into chest wall to open pleural access lungs, heart, esophagus, diaphragm, etc

155
Q

define VIDEO ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY (VATS)

A

thoracoscope to look inside pleural & biopsy tissue & treat repeated collapsed lungs

156
Q

define BILEVEL POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE

A

machine change pressure w/respirations

157
Q

aka: bilevel positive airway pressure

A

BiPAP machine

158
Q

describe VENTILATOR

A

device for artificial respirations; forced inhalation & exhalation natural

159
Q

describe HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY (HBOT)

A

breathe & absorb pure O2; promote healing, fight infection, treat CO poison

160
Q

define AEROSOL THERAPY

A

inhaled meds in mist via nebulizer/inhaler

161
Q

define CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE

A

machine gives mild air pressure to keep airways open

162
Q

aka: continuous positive airway pressure

A

CPAP

163
Q

define POSTURAL DRAINAGE

A

drain pulmonary secretions, head should be lower than feet

164
Q

define BETA-ANDRENERGIC AGONIST

A

drug dilates bronchi

165
Q

define GLUCOCORTICOID

A

drug suppressing inflammation

166
Q

define MAST CELL STABILIZER

A

drug inhibits release of histamines

167
Q

define MUCOLYTIC

A

loosen mucus

168
Q

define SPUTUM

A

phlegm ejected via mouth for siagnositcs

169
Q

define PHLEGM

A

thick mucus secreted from respiratory passage

170
Q

define OTOLARYNGOLOGIST

A

specialize in head & neck; an ENT

HOSA: Med Term (20 decks)

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