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Site Work Flashcards

1
Q

soil is classified into these 4 gorups

A

sands/gravels
silts
clays
organics

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2
Q

this soil has low plasticity, good for foundations/drainage

A

sands/gravel

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3
Q

this soil is good for foundations if stable

A

clay

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4
Q

this soil is better mixed with other types of soil

A

clay

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5
Q

this soil has tensile strength, and is slightly plastic

A

clay

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6
Q

this soil is a poor foundation

A

organics

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7
Q

an unbroken mixture of clay, sand, and gravel

A

hardpan

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8
Q

highest bearing capacity

A

bedrock

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9
Q

broken off bedrock

A

boulders

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10
Q

second highest bearing capacity

A

shale/slate

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11
Q

soft rock with a fine texture

A

shale/slate

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12
Q

a soil test typically determines

A

bearing capacity,
water table level,
porosity

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13
Q

administers soil test

A

soils engineer

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14
Q

typically recorded in boring log

A

material/ depth it is encountered/ moisture content/

density

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15
Q

boring location: minimum #

A

4, taken at corners

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16
Q

boring locations are shown on

A

plot plan

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17
Q

boring location #’s on plot plan correspond to

A

boring logs in soil test report

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18
Q

soils report contains

A

allowed soil bearing pressure and foundation type

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19
Q

lab tests:

specific gravity

A

determines void ratio,

used for compressibility

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20
Q

lab tests:

grain size and shape

A

determines shear strength,
permeability,
compaction ability

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21
Q

lab tests:

liquid and plastic limits

A

compaction and compressibility

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22
Q

lab tests:

unconfined compression

A

shear strength for cohesive soil

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23
Q

lab tests:

water content

A

used to get compressibility,

and compaction values for cohesive soil

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24
Q

most common site tests

A

boring,
and
test pit

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25
most common borehole test
SPT | Standard Penetration Test
26
SPT tests
density of granular soils | and consistency of some clays
27
physical tools and process for SPT
2”ø sampler / 140lb hammer / falling 30”.
28
``` recorded in SPT: # blows required to ```
drive cylinder 12”
29
site test: visual inspection, 10’ depth limit typ.
Test Pits
30
site test: best in sand/clay shallow/intermediate depths no hard obstructions (bedrock/hardpan)
Auger Boring
31
site test: when soil too hard for auger bit 100’+
Wash Borings
32
problem with wash borings
samples too mixed, analysis difficult
33
site test: | pipe, 5” increments
Dry Sample Borings
34
site test: | Soil Load Tests
``` platform, incremental loads, settlement holds, with continued loading. design load usually ½ test load ```
35
site test: Soil Load Tests | design load is typically ____
½ test load
36
soil types are classified by
Unified Classification System
37
bearing capacity is generally specified by ______ , | based on ______
building code, | based on soil type
38
building code bearing capacity can be increased if
appropriate test evidence
39
water in soil can
reduce load carrying capacity
40
if more moisture under one area of building than another
differential settlement may occur
41
soil treatment is used to
increase bearing capacity, and/or decrease settlement
42
in order to compact fill,
water is required to lubricate
43
optimum relationship between fill density/moisture content | determined in lab by
Proctor test
44
“standards for compaction.”
Proctor test
45
Fill compaction: | density ___% of optimum Proctor density req’d
90-100%
46
Fill compaction: | moisture content __% of optimum @ time of compaction.
2-4%
47
Fill compaction: | fill in ____” layers (called ‘lifts’), compacted, then next layer.
8-12"
48
Soil Treatment: | Surcharging
preload with fill / settle soil below / remove fill.
49
Soil Treatment: | Mixing
sand/gravel added to create req’d properties.
50
Earthwork: | term for when narrow/long for pipe/narrow footings
trenching
51
Excavation: | for safety, sides no steeper than
than natural angle of repose | or not > 1.5H:1V
52
Rough Grading tolerance
±6-12” of desired finish level
53
Finish Grading tolerance
±1” desired level, includes placement of topsoil
54
Parts of Beam and Timber shoring method
soldier beams/ breast boards or cribbing/ tiebacks
55
Parts of Sheating and Brace shoring method
Vertical sheeting (wood/steel)/ horizontal wales, diagonal rakers (bracing), concrete/steel heel.
56
Underpinning is used when
temp. supporting exist'g foundations
57
perforated drain tile (“french drain”) min _” below floor slab
6"
58
if hydrostatic pressure use
layer of gravel open web matting/ geotextile mat’l
59
if pressure @ floorlab use
use waterproofing membrane, | gravel layer w/ drain tiles.
60
min. slope of ground for drainage
1/4" per ft.
61
drain inlet vs. catch basin
catch basin has sump, | cleaned out periodically.
62
large storm sewers require manholes,
every direction change or 500 ft max.
63
Concrete paving is reinformed with
welded wire fabric
64
Concrete paving min. thickness
5" min.
65
Concrete paving poured in sections, w/ joints every
20’ (½” molded joint filler)
66
hot-laid asphalt:
most common asphalt cement + graded aggregates, laid on a base, rolled + compacted while still hot.
67
cold-laid asphalt:
subbase coarse gravel, overlaid w/ finer aggregate, compacted, rolled. 2-3” cold liquid asphalt laid over-top.
68
Unit paver procedure
laid on level, compacted sand over crushed gravel | may also be laid over bituminous bed on concrete slab.
69
Concrete Walks: laid over gravel subbase, control joints every _’, expansion joints every _’
control joints every 5’, | expansion joints every 20’

BD_Ballast (66 decks)

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