Metal History

Question 1

copper discovered in

Answer 1

3000BC

Question 2

copper w small amounts of tin

Answer 2

bronze

Question 3

bronze age

Answer 3

3000-1200BC

Question 4

how iron was used in florence cathedral

Answer 4

1463 Brunelleschi iron chains to prevent dome spreading

Question 5

how iron was used in St. Peters Cathedral

Answer 5

1585 Michelangelo iron chains to prevent dome spreading

Question 6

how iron was used in Versailles

Answer 6

1664 cast iron pipes supply to gardens

Question 7

caused wide spread use of iron pre industrial revolution

Answer 7

Abraham Darby

Question 8

Abraham Darby used coke for smelting in

Answer 8

1709

Question 9

substituting coke for charcoal eliminated

Answer 9

impurities = stronger

Question 10

first major use cast iron structural elements. who + when

Answer 10

Abraham Darby III, 1779

Question 11

bridge over river Severn. Coalbrookdale, England.

is an example of the first major use of

Answer 11

cast iron structural elements.

Question 12

iron columns were first used at

Answer 12

English cotton mills,

early 1800’s

Question 13

significance of Salford, Manchester cotton mill: (Matthew Boulton + James Watt)

Answer 13

first use iron columns,
& i-beams for entire building.
still used exterior masonry bearing walls.

Question 14

prefab parts and plate glass,

completed only 9 months.

Answer 14

Crystal Palace

1851, London.

Question 15

Eiffel Tower,

and Halle des Machines, at the ____ in ____.

Answer 15

Paris Exhibition 1889

Question 16

Contribution of Henry Bessemer

Answer 16

1856
making steel inexpensively.
first for railroads.
better quality steel.
lower carbon content.

Question 17

the “openhearth process”

Answer 17

shortened production time.
allowed scrap iron use,
in large quantities.

Question 18

James Bogardus constructed 5 storey factory NY 1848.

significance:

Answer 18

exterior cast iron columns.

Question 19

Age: 1850–late 1880’s in USA. NY, Chicago, St.Louis, etc.

Answer 19

“Cast Iron Age”

Question 20

1885 William Le Baron Jenney.

significance:

Answer 20

first skyscraper.

Question 21

first skyscraper:

Answer 21

Home Insurance Building, Chicago. 10-stories.

Question 22

Home Insurance Building, Chicago used this technology:

Answer 22

cast iron columns int/ext

and new Bessemer steel girders.

Question 23

Leiter Building, Chicago.
8-stories.
Significance:

Answer 23

one expression arch/engineering construction.

skeletal frame determined form,

Question 24

first to make material,
and structural purpose,
part of the form of the building.

Answer 24

mies

Question 25

IIT 1939+

860 Lake Shore Drive apartments 1951

Answer 25

mies