Simple Prepositions (preposizioni semplici ) Flashcards
1
Q
What are prepositions?
A
Small words that helps that help show how words relate to others in the sentence
(direction, time, location, or introduce an object)
2
Q
What is the difference between Italian and English prepositions?
A
English = choose preposition based on movement.
(ex: going to, staying in, etc.)
Italian = choose preposition based on the word or name you have
(ex: if talking about Rome, you will use “a” if you are going to, live in, etc.)
3
Q
Where are Italian prepositions located in a sentence?
A
Location = always before the noun or pronoun to show relationship to the rest of the sentence. Never at the end of the sentence (like we do in English)
4
Q
What are the 2 types of prepositions
A
1) simple
2) compound/articulated (preposition + indefinite article)
5
Q
Simple Prepositions - how many are there and what are they?
A
9
di, a, da
in, con, su
per, tra, fra
6
Q
In general, what does “di” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
of, from, about
il = del
lo = dello
la = della
l’ = dell’
i = dei
gli = degli
le = delle
7
Q
In general, what does “a” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
in (a city), to, at
il = al
lo = allo
la = alla
l’ = all’
i = ai
gli = agli
le = alle
8
Q
In general, what does “da” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
since, from, by
il = dal
lo = dallo
la = dalla
l’ = dall’
i = dai
gli = dagli
le = dalle
9
Q
In general, what does “con” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
with
no articulated prepositions. Use “con” + article
10
Q
In general, what does “in” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
in (a country), at, by
il = nel
lo = nello
la = nella
l’ = nell’
i = nei
gli = negli
le = nelle
11
Q
In general, what does “su” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
on, onto, over
il = sul
lo = sullo
la = sulla
l’ = sull’
i = sui
gli = sugli
le = sulle
12
Q
In general, what does “per” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
for, by, because of
no articulated prepositions. Use “per” + article
13
Q
In general, what does “tra/fra” mean?
What are the articulated prepositions?
A
between, among
no articulated prepositions. Use “tra or fra” + article
14
Q
What does Italian preposition “a” mean?
What are the 4 occasions you use “a”?
A
in, to, at
1) movement to or destination / where something is or where someone is going = relating to a CITY or SMALL Island
*Using “A” (as opposed to “in”) is based on the word (place) of what we are moving towards or in, NOT based on the type of movement or the verb
Ex: Vado a Roma (I go to Rome)
Ex: Abito a Roma (I live in Rome)
2) Object/person benefitting or receiving an action
Ex. Mando una lettera a mio padre = I’m sending a letter to my father
Ex: Do una mano a mia sorella = I will give my sister a hand
3) Time or Months of year
Ex: alle 12:00 = at 12:00
Ex: a marzo = in march
4) Idiomatic expressions
Memorize
15
Q
at / to dinner
A
a cena
*idiomatic - always “a cena”
16
Q
in/to bed
A
a letto
*idiomatic - always “a letto”
17
Q
walking / on foot
A
a piedi
*idiomatic - always “a piedi”
(careful - “in piedi” is standing)
18
Q
at / to work
A
A lavoro
*idiomatic - always “a lavoro”
19
Q
at home / (to) home
A
a casa
*idiomatic - always “a casa”
20
Q
at/to school
A
a scuola
*idiomatic - always “a scuola”
21
Q
at the table
A
a tavola
“a” = idiomatic
22
Q
at / to lunch
A
A pranzo
*idiomatic - always “a pranzo”
23
Q
1) I’m in London
2) I go to London
3) I live in Rome
A
1) Sono a Londra (I’m in London)
2) Vado a Londra (I go to London)
3) Abito a Roma (I live in Rome)
All use “a” b/c talking about moving to or staying in a city
24
Q
at / to the theater
A
a teatro
(tee-AH-troh)
“a” = idiomatic
25
I'm sending a letter to my father
Mando una lettera a mio padre
*A = because my father is the person receiving the action of getting the letter
26
I'll give my sister a hand
Do una mano a mia sorella
*"a" because your sister is receiving the action of giving a hand
dare = to give
27
We are in Rome for the weekend
Siamo a Roma per il fine settimana
"a" = b/c in a city
"Per" " for a set duration w/ set endtime
28
At 12:00
alle dodici
(a + le = alle)
"a" b/c referring to time
"le" b/c refers to Ora / ore (fem, plur)
29
I'm going to Italy in March
Vado in Italia a marzo
"in" italia b/c is a country
"a" marzo b/c talking about a month
30
What does Italian preposition "in" mean?
What are the 4 occasions you use "in"?
in, at, by (transportation), seasons
1) Location (within house, continent, region, country or big island) or destination (when you walk into a place) *not a home or place of work - that is "da".
2) means of transportation (going by, you are in that type of transportation)
3) discussion about seasons and daily moments
4) some idiomatic expressions
**Memorize**
31
I live in Italy
Vivo in Italia
"in" = b/c in a country
32
I go to Italy
Vado in Italia
"in" b/c to a country
33
I went to Puglia (region in Italy)
Sono andato in Puglia (PU-gli-a)
"in" b/c a region of Italy
34
Travelling
in viaggio
"in" = idiomatic / could think of as transporation
35
by car
in macchina
"in" = transportation
36
by bicycle
in bicicletta
"in" = transportation
37
I go to Italy by train
Vado in Italia in trento
"in" italy b/c country
"in" trento b/c form of transporation
38
In / to the city
in città
"in" = idiomatic / always "in città"
39
at / to the bank
in banca
"in" = idiomatic / always "in banca"
40
at/to the library
in biblioteca
"in" = idiomatic / always "in biblioteca"
41
in town / city center / downtown
in centro
"in" = idiomatic / always "in centro"
42
I am in a taxi
sono in taxi
"in" = transporation
43
at / to the gym
in palestra
"in" = idiomatic / always "in palestra"
44
In / to the office
in ufficio
(oo-fee-choh)
"in" = idiomatic / always "in ufficio"
45
on a trip
in vacanza
"in" = idiomatic / always "vacanza" - could think of as transporation
46
I went to France
Sono andato in Francia
"in" = to a country
47
Do you want to come/go downtown with me?
Vuoi venire in centro con me?
"in" = idiomatic / always "in centro"
48
I am on the bus
Sono in autobus
"in"= transportation
49
in / to the mountains
in montagna
"in" = idiomatic
50
Me and my family go to Naploi (city) on vacation every year
Io e la mia familia andiamo a Napoli in vacanza ogni anno
"a" Napoli = b/c a city
"in" vacanza = idomatic / use with vacation
51
Do you go to school by foot or by car?
Vai a scuola a piedi o in macchina?
"A" scuola = idiomatic
"a" piedi = walking vs. "in" piedi = standing
"in" macchina = b/c transporation
52
In the evening I'll call Luca
In serata telefonerò a Luca
"in" serata b/c talking about a daily moment (evening)
"A" Luca = person receiving the action
(telephon-err-oh)
53
Flowers blossom in spring
I fiori sbocciano in primavera
(sboch-ano)
"in" b/c talking about a season
54
Standing
in piedi
"in" = idiomatic / always "in piedi" for standing
*note = "a" piedi = walking
55
What does Italian preposition "da" mean?
What are the 6 occasions you use "da"?
since, from, by
1) Destination / Movement from a place. Coming from a place
Ex: I leave from Venice
Ex: Stefania will return home from tennis
2) Origin = where someone is coming from
when "venire" verb is used
- *Venire (verb) + da + country
-*Do NOT use Essere + da + country
Ex: Venire + da + la + Italia = Vengo dall'Italia (da + l' = dall')
3) Movement towards or being at a person or place of work or house
- vado da Luca = I'm going to Luca's
- always da + person's name if house or place of work
4) Duration of an action that is still ongoing
- Vivo in Italia da 10 anni = I've been living in Italy for 10 years
5) Express purpose/function of an object (what is the object for)
- Fucile da caccia = a hunting rifle
6) Value
- Un anello da 2000 euro (a 2000E ring)
7) Da + Infinitive of a verb (need)
- Ho tanto lavoro da fare = I have a lot of work to do
56
Stefano comes from Rome
Stefano viene da Roma
"da" = from a country using verb venire
57
The train arrives from Turin
Il treno arriva da Torino
"da" = origin is Torino
58
I go to Luca's house
Vado da Luca
"da" = movement towards Luca's house
59
My mother goes to the doctor
mia madre va dal dottore
*"da/dal" = the doctor's work/office
60
I am at Luca's house
Sona da Luca
"da" = Luca's house
61
I'm going to Luca's
Vado da Luca
"da" = going to a house
62
I've been studying Italian for two months
Studio l'italiano da due mesi
"da" = duration of an action that is still going on
63
I've lived in Italy for 10 years
Vivo in Italia da dieci anni
"da" = duration of an action that is still going on
64
I've played soccer since I was a child
Gioco a calcio da quando ero picolo.
"da" = duration of an action that is still going on
65
A typewriter
una macchina da scrivere
"da" = purpose of the machine (macchina) is to write
66
A hunting rifle
Un fucile da caccia
"da" = the purpose of the rifle is to hunt
67
the train arrived from Milan
Il treno è arrivato da Milano
"da" = the train's origin is Milano
68
I am from Italy
Vengo dall'italia
"da" = used with verb venire
Venire verb + da + def article + italy
da + l' = dall'
69
An evening gown/dress
un abito da sera
"da" = purpose of the dress is to wear in the evening
70
I am from the united states
Vengo dagli Stati Uniti
"da" is used with venire verb
Venire verb + da + def article + united states
da + gli = dagli
71
Explain how "Di" means and how it is used (4 ways)
of, from, about
1) Add information about another thing - quality / quantity
Ex: il libro di matematica = the math book
Ex: un bicchieri di latte
2) Express possession
Ex: la giacca di luca = Luca's jacket
Ex: di chi è questo computer? = whose computer is this?
3) Express origin when used with verb essere + a City (not country)
*Essere + di + city
Ex: Sono di Roma = I am from Rome
4) Age
Ex: Un bambino di dieci anni
72
The math book
il libro di matematica
"di" = math is more info about the book
73
this wool scarf
questa sciarpa di lana
(sharp-a)
"di" = lana (wool) is adding info about the scarf (sciarpa)
74
Luca's jacket is black
la giacca di Luca è nera
"di" = expressing possession (luca's scarf)
75
Whose computer is this?
Di chi è questo computer?
"di" = asking about possession of item
76
I am from Rome
sono di Roma
"di"= used with verb "essere" + city
77
My friends are from New York
i miei amici sono di New York
"di"= used with verb "essere" + city
78
Explain what "per" means and how it is used (5 ways)
for, by, because of
1) Movement to a place where you pass through a place to a final destination
- Vado a Parigi passando per Milano = I'm going to Paris passing by Milan
2) Duration / Action that started in the past and has finished, or will start in the future and then finish (limited time)
- Vado in vacanza per cinque gironi = I am on vacation for 5 days
3) Express the cause of / reason for something
- Mi sento debole per il caldo = I feel weak from the heat
4) Purpose
- Preparo le valigie per andare in vacanza = I pack to go on holiday
5) Object benefiting from the action
- Questo è regalo per Carla = This is a present for carla
79
I'm going on vacation for five days
Vado in vacanza per cinque giorni
"In" vacancies = Idiomatic
"per" = set duration / has end time
80
I will run for one hour
Corro per un'ora
"per" = set duration / end time
81
I feel weak from the heat
Mi sento debole per il caldo
"per" = cause of / reason for something
82
How do you say:
1) I studied italian for 10 years
2) I have been studying italian for 17 years
1) Ho studiato italiano PER dicassette anni
"Per" b/c it started and ended
2) Studio italiano DA dicassette anni
"da" b/c it started and is still going
83
Explain what "tra" / "fra" means and how they are used (3 ways)
between, among
(they are both the same thing = can use either in any situation)
1) Position that is in between two things
- La pizzeria è tra la banca e la biblioteca = the is between the bank and the library
2) Express and alternative / multiple choice
- devi scegliere tra la pizza e il kebab = you have to choose between pizza and kebab
3) Indicate an action that will take place at a precise moment in the future
- Ci vediamo tra due giorni = See you in two days
84
The pizzeria is between the bank and the library
La pizzeria è tra la banca e la biblioteca
"tra/fra" = positioned between 2 things
85
You have to choose between pizza and kebab
Devi scegliere tra a pizza e il kebab
"tra/fra" = alternatives/multiple choice
86
See you in two days
Ci vediamo tra due giorni
"tra/fra" = indicate action at precise moment in time
87
Between two and four
fra il due e il quattro
"tra/fra" = indicate action at a precise time in future
88
in one year...
tra un anno...
"tra/fra" = indicate action to take place at price time in future
89
in three months
fra tre mesi
"tra/fra" = indicate action to take place at price time in future
90
What does "con" mean and when is it used? (2 ways)
With
1) to accompany / company
ex: Vieni con me = Come with me
ex: Sara goes with her friends = sara va con i suoi amici
2) An instrument / tool use of something
ex: to write with a pen = scrivere con la penna
3) Manner of how we do something
ex: I paid with = Ho pagato con...
91
Write with a red pen
Scrivere con la penna rossa
"con" = use of an instrument/tool
92
Sara goes to school with her friends
Sara va a scuola con i suoi amici
"a scuola" = idiomatic / always "a scuola"
"con" = company/accompany
93
I paid with a credit card
Ho pagato con la carta di credito
"con" = use of an instruement/tool and manner of how I paid
94
What does "su" mean and when is it used?
on, onto, over
1) something is placed above something else
- la penna è sul tavolo = the pen is on the table
2) subject of a topic
- ho ragionato su quel problema = I thought about that problem.
3) Talking about ratios (three out of four)
4) Approximate amount/# of something (approx $300)
95
on the internet
su internet
"su" = on something
96
In three cases out of ten
in tre casi su dieci
"su" = ratios
97
On the computer
sul computer
98
in the newspaper
sul giomale
99
It's on the left
è sulla sinistra
"su" = on the left
100
Did you see that movie on the war
Hai visto quell film sulla guerra?
"Su/sulla" = subject of a topic
Su + la = sulla
101
Carle is at lunch at Chiara's house
Carla è a pranzo da Chiara.
102
Monica's bag
La borsa di Monica
*"di" = "of" = used because it's showing possession of the bag by monica.
103
I'm from Venice
Sono di Venezia
"di" b/c shows origin is Venezia / a city
104
A ten-year old child
Un bambino di dieci anni
"di" b/c used with age of child
105
A plastic bottle
Una bottiglia di plastica
"di" b/c it is referring to quality of the bottle
106
I am at home
Sono a casa
"a" = always "a casa"
107
I call Marta
Io telefono a Marta
"a" = Marta is benefiting from the call/ action
108
A checkered shirt
Una camicia a quadri
"a quadri" = characteristic / description of the shirt
109
He comes back from school
Lui torna da scuola
"da" = the origin is school /coming from school
110
They go to Luisa's house
Loro vanno da Luisa
"da" = the destination is Luisa's house
111
A swimming costume
Un costume da bagno
"da" = the function of the costume is swimming
112
A 2000E ring
Un anello da duemila euro
"da" = value of the ring is 2000E
113
I've lived in Italy for 2 years
Vivo in Italia da due anni
"da" = duration of time since I've lived here
114
I have a lot of work to do
Ho tanto lavoro da fare
"da" = always use "da" with an infinitive
115
I'm in the kitchen
Sono in cucina
"in" = location within the house
116
We go to the pharmacy
Andiamo in farmacia
"in" = destination / goes with farmacia
117
I travel by plane
Io viaggio in aereo
"in" = method of transporation
118
Today, I study with Laura
Oggi io studio con laura
"con" = with / your company
119
She takes it easy
Lei fa tutto con calma
"con" = b/c it is the manner she is taking
120
The cat is on a bench
Il gatto è su una panca
"su" = the position of being on something
121
Come with me
Vieni con me
"con" = accompany me
122
A book about Leonardo da Vinci
Un libro su Leonardo da Vinci
"su" = the topic is on/about
123
I pack to go on holiday
Preparo le valigie per andare in vacanza
"Per" = the purpose for your packing
124
This is a present for Carla
Questo è un rgalo per Carla
"per" = CArla is benefitting from the action / it is for her
125
She goes away for a month
Lei parte per un mese
"per" = it is starting in the future for a set time.
126
The cat is between two dogs
Il gatto è tra due cani
"tra/fra" =position is between two other objects
127
There's friendship between us
Fra noi c'è amicizia
"tra/fra" = indicating a relationship
128
I'll be there in 10 minutes
Arrivo tra dieci minuti
"tra/fra" = indicating a precise time in the future
129
Giada lives with a friend
Giada vive con un'amica
130
She goes to Giorgio's house
Lei va da Giorgio
"da" = always when going to place of work or house
131
Today you come back from Milan
Oggi tu torni da Milano
"da" = used with with the origin of the movement
132
Valentina is from Naples
Valentina è di Napoli
"di" = Used when expressing origin of a city (with essere verb)
133
I buy a present for Adele
Io compro un regalo per Adele
"per" = Adele is benefiting from the action (buying the present)
134
We travel by train
Noi viaggiamo in treno
"in" = always with transporation
135
There's a cat on a wall
C'è un gatto su un muro
"Su" = used when something is on/above something else
136
This is Mauro's book
Questo è il libro di Maruo
"di" = use with possession of an item
137
We go to school with you
Noi andiamo a scuola con voi
"a" = always "a scuola"
"con" = with
138
There's a tree between two houses
C'è un albergo tra/fra due case
"tra/fra" = the tree is positioned between 2 other things
139
A 100E watch/clock
un orologio da centro euro
"da" = used with value of something
140
Marta calls guido
Marta telefona a Guido
"a" = Guido is benefiting from the action of calling
141
She'll be back in a month
Lei torna tra/fra un mese
"tra/fra" = indicating a precise moment in the future
142
Franco goes to the bank
Franco va in banca
"in" = always "in banca"
143
I go to Giorgia's to learn to cook
Vado da Giorgia per imparare a cucinare
"da" Giorgia = to Giorgia's house
"per" imparare = reason for going there
144
I go to school by bus, on foot, or in my father's car
Vado a scuola in autobus, a piedi, o con la macchina di mio padre
"in" = b/c transportation
"con" la = expressing the use of the car (?) not sure why - was in the book as using con
