Interrogatives & Demonstratives Flashcards
What are interrogative words?
Words used to ask a question
Ex: who, where, why
What are interrogative adjectives?
Words that modify nouns:
- Che = invariable
- Quale = changes with noun it modifies
- Quanto = changes with noun it modifies
- What are demonstrative words??
- Words used to show or point to something
Ex: This & That
As adjectives, where do questo (this) and quello (that) go in a sentence?
As adjectives, they go before the noun they modify
What are 3 ways to say “what”?
Che cosa?
Che?
Cosa?
*Che doesn’t change with nouns and is actually used in many different ways, depending on sentence.
What courses are you taking this semester?
Che corsi segui questo semestre?
What do you study?
Che cosa studi?
Who / whom?
Chi?
Where?
dove?
Why?
perché?
How?
come?
What interrogative do you use when asking what someone is like?
Come
Which / What?
3 forms, and why do you use each?
- Quale? = noun it modifies is singular
- Quali? = noun it modifies is plural
- Qual è = request specific info without a modified noun
Which restaurant do you prefer?
Quale ristorante preferisci?
“quale” b/c subject is singular
Which languages do you speak?
Quali lingue parli?
“quali” b/c subject is plural
What is your favorite color?
Qual è il tuo colore preferito?
“qual è” = used when
When?
quando?
How much?
(2 forms and what are they based on)
Based on the noun it modifies
- Quanto = singular noun
- Quante = plural noun
How much salt do you put in the pasta water?
Quanto sale metti nell’acqua della pasta?
*Quanto = b/c is a singular noun
*nell’acqua = in + l’
*della pasta = in + la
How many sisters do you have?
Quante sorelle hai?
*Quante = b/c noun is plural
If a question begins with an interrogative word, where is the subject?
At the end of the sentence
What does this word mean?
Cosa significa questa parola?
*if interrogative starts sentence, subject is at the end.
What are you buying?
Cosa comprate voi?
*if interrogative starts sentence, subject is at the end.
Where does the engineer live?
Dove abita l’ingegnere?
(een-gen-y-err-ay)
*if interrogative starts sentence, subject is at the end.
If an interrogative is used with a preposition, the preposition must be where in the sentance?
preposition must procede the interrogative
With whom is Beppe talking?
Con chi parla Beppe?
*preposition must precede the interrogative when used together
Where does Mario come from?
Da dove viene Mario?
*preposition must precede the interrogative when used together
How is your mother?
Come sta tua madre?
If verb “è” follows one of the following interrogatives, what do you do?
Come
Dove
Cosa
The two words contract.
Drop final vowel and add an apostrophe
Come è = Com’è
Dove è = Dov’è
Cosa è = Cos’è
What’s your history professor like?
Com’è il tuo professore di storia?
Come + è = Com’è
Where is Maria’s house?
Dov’è la casa di Maria?
Dove + è = Dov’è
What is difference between che cos’è and qual è?
- Che cos’è = Ask for an explanation or definition
- Qual è = Request specific information
What is paleontology?
Che cos’è la paleontologia?
What is his address?
Qual è il suo indrizzo?
Which friends do you invite to your birthday party?
Quali amici inviti alla tua festa di compleanno?
- What does “Questo” mean?
- How many regular forms are there?
- Why do they change?
- Questo = This
- 4 forms of Questo (like other adjectives ending in -o)
- Vary depending on the nouns they modify
How does “questo” change in the following examples:
- Masculine, Singular noun
- Masculine, Plural noun
- Feminine, Singular noun
- Feminine, Plural noun
If noun is singular and starting with a vowel
- Questo = Masculine, Singular noun
- Questi = Masculine, Plural noun
- Questa = Feminine, Singular noun
- Queste = Feminine, Plural noun
Quest’ = singular and starts with vowel (masc or fem)
Whose book is this?
Di chi è questo libro?
*questo = masculine, singular noun
Where are these girls from?
Di dove sono queste ragazze?
*queste = feminine, plural noun
Whose planner is this?
Di chi è quest’agenda?
*quest’ = singular noun starting w/ vowel
This book
questo libro
Masculine, singular
This backpack
questo zaino
Masculine, singular (doesn’t matter that is starts with Z)
This watch
quest’orologio
masculine, singular, starting w/ vowel
These chapters
questi capitoli
masculine, plural
These exercises
questi esercizi
masculine, plural = doesn’t matter if starts w/ vowel.
This lesson
questa lezione
feminine, singular
This activity
questi’attività
feminine, singular starting w/ vowel
These answers
queste risposte
feminine, plural
What time does this train leave?
A che ora parte questo treno?
*questo = masculine, singular
- What does “quello” mean?
- How many regular forms are there?
- Why do they change?
- Quello = “that”
- 7 forms = they follow the same rule as “bello”
- Change based on:
- noun’s gender
- noun’s number
- noun’s first letter
5 ways Quel (that) changes when preceding a masculine noun
- Quel = all masculine singular nouns EXCEPT those beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant
- Quello = masculine, singular nouns beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant
- Quell’ = all masculine, singular nouns starting with a vowel
- Quei = all masculine, plural nouns EXCEPT those beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant or a vowel
- Quegli = all masculine plural nouns beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant or a vowel
*Quello follows pattern identical to the definite articles
3 ways Quello (that) changes when preceding a feminine noun
- Quella = all feminine singular nouns EXCEPT those starting with a vowel
- Quell’ = feminine singular nouns starting with a vowel
- Quelle = all feminine plural nouns
*Quello follows pattern identical to the definite articles
Who is that man?
Chi è quell’uomo
quell’ = masculine, singular starting w/ vowel
That book
Quel libro
(masculine, singular noun)
That backpack
Quello zaino
(masculine, singular, starting w/ vowel)
Those chapters
quei capitoli
(masculine, plural noun not beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant or a vowel)
Those exercises
quegli esercizi
(masculine, plural noun beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant or a vowel)
That lesson
quella lezione
(feminine, singular, doesn’t start with vowel)
That activity
quell’attività
(feminine, singular, starts w/ vowel)
Those answers
quelle risposte
(feminine, plural noun = all fem plural, regardless of first letter)
Those student are responsible
Quegli studenti sono responsabili
(Quegli = masculine plural nouns beginning w/ -z, -gn, -ps, -s + consonant or a vowel)
I don’t know these students
Non consosco quegli studenti
(quegli = masculine plural beginning w/ -s+consonant)
That boy is very polite
Quel ragazzo è molto cortese.
(quel = masculine, singular)
- What are demonstrative pronouns?
- What do they agree with / change to match in sentence?
- Refer to a person or thing that has already been mentioned or whose identity is clear. They replace the noun to which they refer, or refer to whole ideas or previously mentioned topics.
- They agree with the noun in gender and number
What are the 4 demonstrative pronouns?
- Questo / Questa (singular) = This one
- Questi / Queste (plural) = These
- Quello / Quella (singular) = That one
- Quelli / Quelle (plural) = Those
Which book do you prefer? This one or that one?
Quale libro preferisci? Questo or quello?
both are masculine, singular (libro)
Which course do you prefer
Quale corso preferisci?
Do you prefer these books or those?
Preferisci questi libri o quelli?
quelli = masculine, plural / replacing “libri”
That isn’t important now
Quello non è importante in questo momento
This is really interesting
Questo è veramente interessante
I prefer that one (referring to photo)
preferisco quella
(quella = foto is feminine, singular)
What is Giulia studying at the University?
Cosa studia Giulia all’università?
How are you today?
Come stai oggi?
Who is she?
Chi è lei?
What is your phone number?
Qual è tuo numero di telefono?
When does class start?
Quando comincia la lezione?
how much does the book cost?
Quanto costa il libro?
Whose dog is that?
Di chi è quel cane?
