Direct Object Pronouns Flashcards
What is a direct object? (2 points)
- Receives the action of the verb directly
-and- - Answers “what?” or “whom?”
Example:
The students ate pizza
Gli studenti hanno mangiato una pizza
pizza = direct object
What is a direct object pronoun?
Pronoun that replaces the direct object noun
Are you buying the pears?
Are you buying THEM
Compri le pere?
Le compri?
Where does the direct object pronoun go in the sentence?
Immediately before a conjugated verb
In 2-verb constructions with an infinitive, what do you do with the direct pronoun?
Ex: Do you feel like eating them
- Drop the final -e
- Attach the pronoun to the end of the infinitive
Ex: Hai voglia di mangiarle?
In 2-verb constructions with dovere, potere, volere what do you do with the direct pronoun? (2 options)
Ex: The student has to read the book
The student has to read it
- Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb
-or- - Attach it to the infinitive
Lo studente lo deve leggere
-or-
Lo studente deve leggerlo (*drop the -e and add pronoun)
What are the direct object pronouns?
mi = me you = ti
ti = you informal
La = you formal (male or female)
lo = him/it
la = her/it
ci = us
vi = yuo
li = them (masc)
le = them (fem)
- The professor is drinking lemonade.
- The professor is drinking it.
- La professoressa beve la limonata.
- La professoressa la beve.
- Do you know Lucia?
- Do you know her?
- Conosci Lucia?
- La conosci?
- Do you eat vegetables?
- I always eat them.
- Mangi le verdure?
- Le mangio sempre.
- I like coffee.
- I drink it with a little milk.
- Mi piace il caffè.
- Lo bevo con un po’ di latte.
- Emilia is my best friend.
- I’ve known her 15 years
- Emilia è mia migliore amica
- La conosco da quindici anni
- Do you eat broccoli?
- I don’t eat it
- Mangi i broccoli?
- Non li mangio
(li = male, plural)
- The student has to read the book
- The student has to read it
- Lo studente deve leggere il libro
- Lo studente lo deve leggere
-or-
Lo studente deve leggerlo (*drop the -e and add pronoun)
(you have 2 options with dovere, potere, vuolere)
- Do you like to watch TV?
- Do you like to watch it?
- Ti piace guardare la tv?
- Ti piache guardarla?
(only option is to attached pronoun to end of infinitive)
If using word “ecco”, where do you put the pronoun?
Ex: Here I am
Directly at the end
“Eccomi”
- Can you pass the salt?
- Of course I can pass it
- Puoi passare il sale?
- Certo che posso passarlo
(add pronoun to end of infinitive passare)
- Carmela likes to make cakes
- She likes to make them for special occasions
- A Carmela piace preparare torte (plural of torta)
- Le piace farle per le occasioni speciali
Le piace = she likes
fare = far+le = farle (le = direct object pronoun)
- Where are the guys?
- Here they are
- Dove sono i ragazzi?
- eccoli
We don’t know him
Non lo conosciamo
Lo = him
Conoscere = noi conosciamo
Are you buying them (fem)?
Le compri?
Le = them (fem)
Comprare = tu compri
I never see you at the market
Non ti vedo mai al mercato
ti = you
Vedere = io vedo
Arturo always greets me
Arturo mi saluta sempre
mi = me
salutare = lui saluta
Do you feel like eating them (fem, plur)?
Hai voglia di mangiarle?
Feel like = avere + “voglia di”
mangiare = drop -e + add “le” for feminine plural
I do not like to buy them (masc, plur)
Non mi piace comprarli
comprare = comprar + li (masc, plur)
You have to buy them (fem, plur)
Le devi comprare
-or-
Devi comprarle
dovere = 2 options for direct pronouns
Le = fem, plural pronoun
Comprare = comprar + le
In sentences with passato prossimo, where does the direct object pronoun go with:
- Avere
- Essere
ex: We called you many times
- Avere = Directly before the conjugated from of avere
ex: Vi abbiamo chiamato molte volte.
- Essere = direct obj pronouns not used w/ essere verbs
We called you (plural) many times
Vi abbiamo chamato molte volte
Vi = you (plur)
passato prossimo = direct obj pronoun goes before “avere”
Didn’t you hear us?
Non ci avete sentito?
Ci = us
passato prossimo = direct obj pronoun goes before “avere”
Maria saw me at the grocery store
Maria mi ha visto al negozio di alimentari
mi = me
passato prossimo = direct obj pronoun goes before “avere”
What needs to happen if lo, la, li or la precede a verb in passato prossimo?
Ex: The kids at all of them (fem, plur)
The past participle must agree with the pronoun in gender and number
Ex: I bambini le hanno mangiatE tutte
Le = fem, plural
MangiatE = fem, plural
The peaches? The kids ate all of them
Le pesche? I bambini le hanno mangiate tutte.
le (2nd sent) = fem plural for “them”
Mangiato = change to mangiatE = fem, plur to match “le”
Here are the artichokes.
I bought them yesterday.
Ecco i carciofi.
Li ho comprati ieri
Li = masc, plural for “them”
Comprato = Comprat”i” = masc, plur to match “li”
Which direct object pronouns can be shortened to l’ before vowel sound (including ho, hai, ha)?
Lo and La
*do not shorten li and le
I saw her at the deli the day before yesterday
L’ho vista in salumeria l’altro ieri
La = shortened to L’ (for “her”)
Where is the pie?
Here it is!
Dov’è la crostata?
Eccola
“la” = fem, sing at end of “ecco”
Here they are (fem, plur)
eccole là
le = fem, plural at end of “ecco”
Mom, here I am!
Mamma, eccomi qua!
mi= me at end of “ecco”
Here you are! (fem, sing)
Eccoti qui!
ti = you at end of “ecco”
- Why are disjuctive pronouns sometimes used intsead of direct object pronouns?
- Where do they go in the sentence?
- To add emphasis
- Always after the verb in a sentence
ex: We want THEM, not YOU
ex: He knows ME?
I don’t see him, but I see her.
Non vedo lui, ma vedo lei
We want them, not you (plural)
Vogliamo loro, not voi
He knows me?
Conosce me?
Marco, they are looking for you!
Marco, cercano te!
Emily and marcella bought them (masc, plur)
Li hanno comprati Emily e Marcella
“li” = them (masc, plur)
passato prossimo = direct obj pronoun goes before “avere”
Comprato = change to “comprati” to agree with “li”
We saw them at the bar. (fem, plur)
Le abbiamo viste al bar
Le = them (fem, plur)
passato prossimo = direct obj pronoun goes before “avere”
Vosto = change to “viste” to agree with “le”
