Seedless Vascular plants

Question 1

What do gametophytes make, and what process is used to make them?

Answer 1

They make Gametes

through mitosis

Question 2

What do sporophytes make, and what is the process that is used to make them?

Answer 2

They make Spore

through meiosis

Question 3

What is significant about the Aglaophyton?

Answer 3

It was the first plant to have sporophytes that were NOT CONTINUOUSLY nutritionally dependent on gametophytes, which is a feature of vascular plants.

Question 4

Did Aglaophyton have vascular tissue?

Answer 4

it appears that it did not have any vascular tissue so it was not a vascular plant.

Question 5

When looking at a taxonomic tree, what does the “dagger” symbol mean?

Answer 5

A completely extinct taxon

Question 6

within Extant vascular plants, what characteristics does /vascular tissue display

Answer 6

They allow for thinker bodies and taller growth.

Question 7

what are the two main vascular tissues?

Answer 7

Xylem (water), phloem (carbohydrates)

xylem contain lignin, a strengthening polymer.

Question 8

What are xylem within dead hallow cells called?

Answer 8

tracheids

Question 9

What is a unique characteristic of vascular plants roots?

Answer 9

they have complex and multi cellular roots

Question 10

What is a unique characteristic of vascular plants leaves?

Answer 10

They have complex and multi cellular leaves

Question 11

What are leaves with a single vein of vascular tissue tissue, that are usually small called?

Answer 11

Microphylls

Question 12

What are leaves with branching vascular systems, that are usually large called?

Answer 12

Megaphylls

Question 13

are Sporophytes or gametophytes dominant within vascular plants life cycle?

Answer 13

sporohyte dominant in the life cycle.

Question 14

What are sporophylls within Vascular plants?

Answer 14

• They are modified leaves on sporophyte that bear Sporangia

Question 15

What does the root word Phyll mean?

Answer 15

Leaf

Question 16

What does the root word Angio mean?

Answer 16

Vessel

Question 17

What is it called when Sporophylls are arranged in overlapping scales?

Answer 17

Cone.

Question 18

What is a cone (within vascular plants)

Answer 18

Sporophylls that are arranged in overlapping scales.

Question 19

What is are Homosporous species of vascular plant?

Answer 19

Homosporous plants make one size of spore, these will become gametophyte that makes both eggs and sperm.

Question 20

What are heterosporous species of vascular plants?

Answer 20

they make two sizes of spores.
Small spores are male gametophytes

Large are female gametophytes.

Question 21

True or false:

Vascular plants have various spore sizes among species.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

How many major extent lineages of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 22

there are two major lineages.

Question 23

What is the smaller of the two major lineages of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 23

Phylum Lycophyta (1200spp)

Question 24

What is the larger of the two major linages of seedless vascular plants.

Answer 24

Phylum Monilophya

12,000spp

Question 25

What is particular to seedless vascular plants gametophytes?

Answer 25

They are independent plants on or just below the soil surface.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of a seedless vascular plants gametophyte?

Answer 26

They have flagellated sperm that must swim in a film of water to reach eggs.

Question 27

Within Phylum Lycophyta all Microphyllous are either What or What?

Answer 27

Homo- and Heterosporous.

Question 28

Where do Giamy lycophytes thrive?

Answer 28

Within the warm, moist swamps of Sherk land.

Question 29

What are the moilophytes of the Phylum Monilophyta?

Homosporous and/or Heterosproous?

Answer 29

Almost all of them are Homosporous.

Question 30

What are the three extent groups of Monilophyta?

Answer 30

• Whisk ferns
• Horsetails
• true ferns

Question 31

What is unique about Whisk ferns?

Answer 31

• They are considered living
  fossils
• They have no roots or leaves.

Question 32

What is unique about horsetails?

Answer 32

• Bush appearance

- They are contained within 15 species in a single genus of Equisetum.

Question 33

What is unique about True Ferns?

Answer 33

• They are the most successful of the extant seedless vascular plants, witth 12,000 species today.
• They have Megaphylls

Question 34

What is a Megaphylls?

Answer 34

Large leaves with extensivily branched vascular systems

only found within true ferns.

Question 35

What dose the root word “pter” mean?

Answer 35

Wing

Question 36

What major Phylum does Sporangia come from?

Answer 36

Monilophyta

Question 37

What are Scouring rushes used for?q

Answer 37

They are a seedless vascular plant that is used for cleaning cookware.

Through the use of their gritty silicon dioxide stems.

Question 38

What are fiddleheads?

Answer 38

Seedless vascular plants that are sometimes edible.

Question 39

What were the spores of Lycophytes used for? and why were they used in this way?

Answer 39

They are rich in oils, and were used as flash powder by photographers.

Question 40

When did the lycophyta and Monilophyta form forests? and what are they called today?

Answer 40

They formed forests during the Carboniferous period.

They are called Coal swamps

Question 41

Why is the term “coal swamps” used to categorize the location of fossilized Lycophyta and Monilophyta forests?

Answer 41

Because they are now coal deposits.

Question 42

How much lower was atmospheric CO2 during the Carboniferous period as compared to now?

Answer 42

A factor of 5.

Question 43

What was the byproduct of massive Monliphyta and lycophyta?

Answer 43

They sucked up so much CO2 that they caused an ICE age.