Seedless Vascular plants Flashcards
What do gametophytes make, and what process is used to make them?
They make Gametes
through mitosis
What do sporophytes make, and what is the process that is used to make them?
They make Spore
through meiosis
What is significant about the Aglaophyton?
It was the first plant to have sporophytes that were NOT CONTINUOUSLY nutritionally dependent on gametophytes, which is a feature of vascular plants.
Did Aglaophyton have vascular tissue?
it appears that it did not have any vascular tissue so it was not a vascular plant.
When looking at a taxonomic tree, what does the “dagger” symbol mean?
A completely extinct taxon
within Extant vascular plants, what characteristics does /vascular tissue display
They allow for thinker bodies and taller growth.
what are the two main vascular tissues?
Xylem (water), phloem (carbohydrates)
xylem contain lignin, a strengthening polymer.
What are xylem within dead hallow cells called?
tracheids
What is a unique characteristic of vascular plants roots?
they have complex and multi cellular roots
What is a unique characteristic of vascular plants leaves?
They have complex and multi cellular leaves
What are leaves with a single vein of vascular tissue tissue, that are usually small called?
Microphylls
What are leaves with branching vascular systems, that are usually large called?
Megaphylls
are Sporophytes or gametophytes dominant within vascular plants life cycle?
sporohyte dominant in the life cycle.
What are sporophylls within Vascular plants?
- They are modified leaves on sporophyte that bear Sporangia
What does the root word Phyll mean?
Leaf
What does the root word Angio mean?
Vessel
What is it called when Sporophylls are arranged in overlapping scales?
Cone.
What is a cone (within vascular plants)
Sporophylls that are arranged in overlapping scales.
What is are Homosporous species of vascular plant?
Homosporous plants make one size of spore, these will become gametophyte that makes both eggs and sperm.
What are heterosporous species of vascular plants?
they make two sizes of spores.
Small spores are male gametophytes
Large are female gametophytes.
True or false:
Vascular plants have various spore sizes among species.
True.
How many major extent lineages of seedless vascular plants?
there are two major lineages.
What is the smaller of the two major lineages of seedless vascular plants?
Phylum Lycophyta (1200spp)
What is the larger of the two major linages of seedless vascular plants.
Phylum Monilophya
12,000spp
What is particular to seedless vascular plants gametophytes?
They are independent plants on or just below the soil surface.
What are the characteristics of a seedless vascular plants gametophyte?
They have flagellated sperm that must swim in a film of water to reach eggs.
Within Phylum Lycophyta all Microphyllous are either What or What?
Homo- and Heterosporous.
Where do Giamy lycophytes thrive?
Within the warm, moist swamps of Sherk land.
What are the moilophytes of the Phylum Monilophyta?
Homosporous and/or Heterosproous?
Almost all of them are Homosporous.
What are the three extent groups of Monilophyta?
- Whisk ferns
- Horsetails
- true ferns
What is unique about Whisk ferns?
- They are considered living
fossils - They have no roots or leaves.
What is unique about horsetails?
- Bush appearance
- They are contained within 15 species in a single genus of Equisetum.
What is unique about True Ferns?
- They are the most successful of the extant seedless vascular plants, witth 12,000 species today.
- They have Megaphylls
What is a Megaphylls?
Large leaves with extensivily branched vascular systems
only found within true ferns.
What dose the root word “pter” mean?
Wing
What major Phylum does Sporangia come from?
Monilophyta
What are Scouring rushes used for?q
They are a seedless vascular plant that is used for cleaning cookware.
Through the use of their gritty silicon dioxide stems.
What are fiddleheads?
Seedless vascular plants that are sometimes edible.
What were the spores of Lycophytes used for? and why were they used in this way?
They are rich in oils, and were used as flash powder by photographers.
When did the lycophyta and Monilophyta form forests? and what are they called today?
They formed forests during the Carboniferous period.
They are called Coal swamps
Why is the term “coal swamps” used to categorize the location of fossilized Lycophyta and Monilophyta forests?
Because they are now coal deposits.
How much lower was atmospheric CO2 during the Carboniferous period as compared to now?
A factor of 5.
What was the byproduct of massive Monliphyta and lycophyta?
They sucked up so much CO2 that they caused an ICE age.
