Plants Conquer Land/Bryophytes Flashcards
What are the four main groups of plants?
- Non-Vascular Plants (mosses)
- Seedless Vascular Plants (ferns)
- Gymnosperms (conifers, Pines)
- Anigosperms (flowering plants)
What kingdom are planets from?
Plantae
What is the common ancestor of plants?
Green algae
Within green algae, plants are most closely related to _________
Charophytes
What is the rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complex? and why is it significant?
- They are a cell that produce cellulose microfibers of the cell wall.
It is a shared feature between plant and Charophytes
True or false:
Charophytes and plant sperm are very different, leading scientist to question their relation.
False.
They are very similar
What structure is present within both plants and Charophytes during cell division?
Phramoplasts
What is within the Viridiplantae kingdom?
Chlorophytes
Charophyceans
Embryophytes
What kingdom dose the text relate to plants?
Plantae aka Embrtophyta
Do both plants and Charophytes both have mutlicellular, dependent embryos?
No, plants are the only of the two that have these.
True or false:
Plants embryos have specialized placental cells.
True, this is why they are called Embryophyta
Within plants (not Charophytes) what is “alternation of generations”
Life cycle in which haploid multicullular and diploid multicelluar body forms alternate
True or false:
Animals have only unicellular haploid stages (gametes)
True
What is Sporopollenin? Do Charophytes have them?
They are tough, stable polymer in walls of plant spores, including pollen.
No, only plants have them.
True or false:
Both plants and Charophytes have adapted methods to conserve water.
False.
Only seen in plants ( and not all plants )
What adaptations have been developed by plants for water consecration?
- Waxy cuticle on epidermis acts as waterproofing
- Stomata pores in the epidermis of leaves and other photosynthetic organs.
What does the key word (Stoma) mean?
Mouth
True or false:
Both plants and Charophytes have lignified vascular tissue for internal transport.
False.
Only plants
What are the two main types of vascular tissues and what polymer do they contain?
- Xylem cells carry water and minerals up from the root
- Phloem calls distribute organic products
They both contain ligin
What is a Xylem?
A cell that carries water and minerals up from the roots
- dead wall act as microscopic water pipes.
What is a Phloem?
A cell that distributes organic products.
- living cells
What is are Apical Meristems?
- Undifferentiated tissue from which, new, differentiated, cells arise.
Where are Apical Meristems found, how complex are they?
- simple in non-vascular plants
- more complex structures at the tips of shoots and roots in vascular plants.
Cells produced by meristems ___________ into various tissues, including surface epidermis and internal tissues.
Differentiate.
resources are more ________ in terrestrial compared to aquatic habitats
Compartmentalized.
What are the three Phyla of non-vascular plants?
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta
What does the root word Hepato mean?
Liver
What does the root word ‘Phyt” mean?
Plant
What does the root word “Ceros” mean?
Horn
What does the root word “Bryo” mean?
Moss
What does the Phylum Bryophyta refer to?
refers to only one Phylum.
What dose the term “bryophyte” refer to?
Refers to ALL non-vascular plants (because they like to make our lives difficult)
What is an example of Hepatophyta?
Liverworts
What is an example of Anthocerophyta?
Hornworts
What is an example of Bryophta?
Mosses.
Are loverworts, mosses, and hornworts monophyletic groups?
No they are not monophyletic.
what of Liverworts, mosses, abd hornworts are thought to be a sister group to vascular plants?
Hornworts (Athocerophyta)
What do Bryophytes lack?
True Vascular Tissue.
What do Bryophytes have in the place of Vascular tissue?
Few mosses contain tubes, although they lack lignin.
In barophytes haploid (1N) _________ are the most conspicuous, _________ phase of the life cycle.
Gametophytes
Dominant
What are the characteristics of sporophytes?
They are smaller and present only party of the time, being the 2n, diploid portion.
True or false:
Bryophyte gametophytes have separate organs for eggs and sperm.
True.
What organ within Bryophyte gametophytes produces the egg?
Archegonium
single egg
What organ within Bryophyte gametophytes produces the sperm?
Antheridium
produces many flagellated sperm.
True or false:
In mosses often, the entire plant is either male or female.
True.
How do sperm from bryophytes reach eggs, what environment must they live in?
They swim through water film to fertilize eggs in archegonia.
They must live in moist places.
what is peat?
Sphagnum moss that has formed an extensive deposit of undecayed organic materail
What is a Miskeg?
A expanse of peat bogs in north america.
What compounds within Sphagnum inhibit bacterial growth?
phenolic compounds and acidic secretions.
What is peat used as?
Fuel.
What is Sphagnum used for?
Name at least 2
Soil conditioner, diapers, menstrual pads and antiseptic binding for wounds.
