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Bio 108 > Lecture 1 - Etymology > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Etymology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Etymology?

A

It is the study of word origins.

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2
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

The practice ( and a little theory ) of classifying organisms.

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3
Q

What is systemics?

A

The theory ( and a little practice ) of classifying organisms

  • asking the questions of Why?
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4
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

A system of rules for naming things

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5
Q

What is Ethnotaxonomy?

A

The examination of how different cultures classify plants and animals.

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6
Q

What is a common name?

A

Name for species that is not based on the linnaean system.

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7
Q

what are the three main problems with common names?

A
  • Common names can differ among countries and languages
  • They can have the same name for different species
  • Common names can imply incorrect relationships.
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8
Q

Who made the Linnaean System?

A

A Swedish Botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707 - 1778)

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9
Q

What as the book called that first proposed the Linnaeus system?

A

Systema Naturea ( System of nature)

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10
Q

What is the Lannaeus system?

A
  • The use of latin as a universal language of scientific nomenclature.
  • Use of binomen (Two part name) for each species.
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11
Q

How is the Binomen split up?

A
  • the first part of the name is the Genus name
  • The second name is the Specific Epithet

together they make the species name.

eg. Homo Sapiens

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12
Q

Within the Linnaean system, what are groups of organisms called?

A

Taxa

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13
Q

What are nested subsets within the Linnaean system?

A

Taxonomic Levels or ranks

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14
Q

All animals must be placed within the following Seven taxonomic levels:

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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15
Q

What higher taxonomic category was introduced to the linnaean system? what is it for?

A

Domain:
Used to recognize the most basic divisions of life.
- ie. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota

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16
Q

What is the first rule for the Linnaean system?

A
  1. Genus and Specific epithets are always italicized.
17
Q

What is the secound rule for the Linnaean system?

A
  1. Taxon names (except specific epithet) capitalized when used as nouns but not when used as adjectives.
18
Q

What is the Third rule for the Linnaean system?

A
  1. A genus name may be abbreviated but never the specific epithet.

( Alces alces = A. alces not Alces a.)

19
Q

What is the ICZN, and why was it made?

A

International Code of Zoological Nomencalture.

it was created as a set of rules for naming specises

20
Q

When was the ICZN founded?

A

1905

21
Q

What was one thing that was changed after the ICZN was introduced?

A

They gave seperate naming codes fro Plants+algae+fungi
and for
bacteria

22
Q

What is the first rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

1 Jan 1758, the first day that published Binomials are considered official

23
Q

What is the secound rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

The oldest published name( back to 1758) for a taxon is considered the correct one.

This means that it has priority and is called the SENIOR SYNONYM

24
Q

What is a junior synonym.

A

A taxon that is younger when compared to another taxon.

25
Q

What is the Third rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

The person who originally described the Taxon is considered the Taxon’s author.

26
Q

What is the fourth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

Once a name for a taxon has been published, even if it was used incorrectly, it can never be used for another taxon.

27
Q

What is the fifth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

If the same name is used for two diffrent taxa, oldest name takes priority. ( Senior homonym )

28
Q

What is the sixth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

Same nams from diffrent codes are not homonyms

29
Q

What is the seventh rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

Specific epithets can be shared, but not in the same Genus.

30
Q

What is the eighth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

Names must be in latin alphabet ( Not cyrillic )

31
Q

What is the ninth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

Family names for animals end in -idae ( for plants -aceae), subfamilies in - inae (Plants -oideae)

32
Q

What is the tenth rule we need to know from the ICZN?

A

If a species s placed in a new genus, for whatever reason, this is indicated by the parentheses around the authority.

33
Q

Can there be any exceptions to the ICZN rules?

A

Yes, only if there is a fear of a threat to stability of scientific knowledge.

Bio 108 (24 decks)

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