Evolution 1

Question 1

What are Taxa?

Answer 1

Taxa are groups of organisms that have been given scientific names by people.

Question 2

What is the goal for modern Systematics?

Answer 2

To have taxa represent clades of related organisms

Question 3

What is the main process involved with Evolution?

Answer 3

Inherited biological change over time.

Question 4

What is macroevolution?

Answer 4

Evolution that takes place over long time scales to large population groups

Question 5

What is Mircroevolution?

Answer 5

Evolution that takes place over short time frames to more specific organisms.

Question 6

What was Charles Darwin?

Answer 6

The man who first proposed the theory pf evolution.

Question 7

What Geological process first sparked the idea of evolution within Darwin?

Answer 7

Gradualsitic processes in geology: How landscapes change over time through slow processes over large time scales.

Question 8

True of false:

Darwin developed his theory of evolution when he was in the Galapagos islands.

Answer 8

false, it wasn’t until several years later that he looked at his findings retrospectively to understand his observations.

Question 9

Are superficial similarities a percursiour to related species?

Answer 9

No,

Superficially similar species are not always related.

Question 10

What was Darwin’s view of Fossils and extinction?

Answer 10

He believed that in the place of extinction, perhaps the apparent disappearance of species was actually one species changing into an other

Question 11

What is Extinction?

Answer 11

the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct

Question 12

Who developed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 12

Lamarck

Question 13

Who was Alfred Russel Wallace?

Answer 13

A man who independently discovered the theory of evolution.

Question 14

What was Darwins book called?

Answer 14

On the Origin of Species by means of natural selection.

published in 1859

Question 15

Was Darwin’s work well revived?

Answer 15

Nope, not at all.

Question 16

What is the first observation of natural selection?

Answer 16

Organisms produce many more offspring than survive to reproduce themselves

Question 17

What is the secound observation of natural selection?

Answer 17

Most populations are relatively stable in size.

Question 18

What is the third observation of natural selection?

Answer 18

Restorers (food and land) are limited

Question 19

What is the first inference of natural selection?

Answer 19

Organisms must compete for these limited resources, and not all succeed

• Thomas Malthus: Economist

Question 20

What is the fourth observation of natural selection?

Answer 20

There is variation among individuals within a species

Question 21

What is the fifth observation of natural selection?

Answer 21

Some of this variation is heritable.

as seen with artificial selection within crop plants

Question 22

What is the second Inference of natural selection?

Answer 22

Some heritable variations are likely to provide individuals with a competitive advantage

Question 23

What is the third inference of natural selection?

Answer 23

Individuals with advantageous variations are likely to leave more offspring than individuals without the variations .

Therefore the next generation will have more individuals with that variation.

Question 24

What are the three “if’s” and one “THEN” that must be present for evolution to be a logical necessity?

Answer 24

• IF overpopulation
• IF competition
• IF heritable, favorable, variation
• THEN adaptive change over time

Question 25

What are some other selective factors that influence natural selection?

Answer 25

Predation, Disease, climate

Question 26

What is the MODERN definition of natural selection?

Answer 26

Natural selection is the differential success in reproduction within a species that results from the interaction between individuals that vary in heritable traits and their environment.

Question 27

What is wrong with the statement "a process in which individuals that have certain heritable traits survive, and because of those traits, reproduce at a higher rate than others"

Answer 27

You do not need increased survival rate to have reproductive success. You just need to be able to have lots of babies.

Question 28

How did Darwin describe natural selection?

Answer 28

Descent with modifications

Question 29

What is a phenotype?

Answer 29

variations that is expressed as morphology, behavior, or appearance.

Question 30

Are phenotype changes induced by the environment heritable?

Answer 30

Nope

Question 31

What is a genotype?

Answer 31

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 32

Are all genotypic variations expressed?

Answer 32

No, much like how different arrangements of DNA can make ammio acids.

Question 33

For natural selection to act on variation, it must be 'seen' by the environment. ______ in the phenotype _______ caused by genotype

Answer 33

Expressed heritable

Question 34

What is a "common garden" experiment?

Answer 34

It is a testing method that allows the testing of weather observed variations within a species is due to heritable variation.

Question 35

What is an example of a garden experiment?

Answer 35

You take two flowers - Pink flower grows at high elevation - white flower grows at low elevation You then grow the offspring of these plants at a neutral environment of the original differences are maintained, then it is evident that there is variation in genotype.

Question 36

What is a gene?

Answer 36

A gene (genetic locus) is the combination of two alleles (within diploid individuals)

Question 37

How many alleles per chromosome?

Answer 37

1