Lecture 14 - Fungi 2 Flashcards
What is a decomposer?
Something that breaks down complex organic compounds into inorganic ‘mineral’ forms.
How do most soil-dwelling fungi make their living?
By decomposing plant matter.
What is more important in the break down of lignin?
Bacteria or fungi?
fungi
What causes fairy rings?
It is the result of outward growth of decomposer hyphae
True or false:
Lichen have the ability to break down solid rocks.
True,
How do lichen break down rocks?
- production of acid (carbonic acid)
2. insinuate hyphen into cracks, causing swelling to occur when exposed to water.
What are enfolithic lichens?
Lichens that grown entirely under the surface of a rock.
What does the root word “endo” mean?
within
What does the root word “lith” mean?
Stone.
What is ectomycorrhizae?
When hyphae penetrates root but not the cell of plants.
How many species of ectomycorrhizae are there?
2000
What are endomycorrhizae? how many are there?
it is a fungus that penetrates the cells of plants.
Anything that is not a ectomycorrhizae is a endomycorrhizae within fungi.
True or false:
plants that have ectomycorrhizae grow better with them than without them.
True.
What is mycorrhizal innoculation?
The fact that plants grow better when combined with their respective ectomycorrhizae.
Are there any plants that lack chlorophyll?
Yes, roughly 400 spp.
How do plants that do not conduct photosynthesis gather their carbohydrates?
From mycorrhizal fungi
What function do achlorophyllous plants in the relationship between the fungi - plant relationship?
The achlorophyllous plants act as distant parasites, as the fungi get nothing in return, as the plant feeds on the carbohydrates.
What is a blight?
A plant-parasitic fungi necroses caused by fungi digesting plant tissue.
What is wilt?
The blockage of xylem by hyphae by plant-parasitic fungi.
What are powdery mildews?
Fungi that coat leaves and fruits, penetrating surface cells with special hyphae.
What is hypertrophy?
It is the liberation of plant hormones that cause excessive tissue growth by plant-parasitic fungi .
What does the root word “troph” mean?
Feeding/food.
How can fungi prevent the reproduction of plants? (three ways)
- prevent flowering
- replace seeds with own fruiting body.
- replace pollen with fungal spores.
What is dutch elm disease?
An introduce fungi to north america in 1930 that killed off most native elms in north america.
What is chestnut blight?
an introduced species of pathogenic fungus that kills chestnut trees.
Why do few chestnut trees survive the chestnut blight?
because they are infected with a hypovirlent strain of fungus.
How can fungi eat bugs?
Because insects exoskeletons are made of chitin.
What are nematode traps?
Fungi that have evolved to trap and eat invertebrates.
What is Psilocybin?
Magic mushroom
What is Ananita muscaria?
Also known as Fly agaric, it is a red and white toxic and hallucinogenic mushroom.
What was St. Anthony’s Fire?
A mysterious ailment that struck poor people in Europe characterized by violent convulsions and formication, along with gangrene.
Where did the precursor of LSD originally come from and what is it called?
It come from Ergot, ryr bread made from infected grain.
What is no bad about eatting Amanita?
it will KILL you, one bite is enough to be lethal
