Lecture 14 - Fungi 2

Question 1

What is a decomposer?

Answer 1

Something that breaks down complex organic compounds into inorganic ‘mineral’ forms.

Question 2

How do most soil-dwelling fungi make their living?

Answer 2

By decomposing plant matter.

Question 3

What is more important in the break down of lignin?

Bacteria or fungi?

Answer 3

fungi

Question 4

What causes fairy rings?

Answer 4

It is the result of outward growth of decomposer hyphae

Question 5

True or false:

Lichen have the ability to break down solid rocks.

Answer 5

True,

Question 6

How do lichen break down rocks?

Answer 6

1. production of acid (carbonic acid)

2. insinuate hyphen into cracks, causing swelling to occur when exposed to water.

Question 7

What are enfolithic lichens?

Answer 7

Lichens that grown entirely under the surface of a rock.

Question 8

What does the root word “endo” mean?

Answer 8

within

Question 9

What does the root word “lith” mean?

Answer 9

Stone.

Question 10

What is ectomycorrhizae?

Answer 10

When hyphae penetrates root but not the cell of plants.

Question 11

How many species of ectomycorrhizae are there?

Answer 11

2000

Question 12

What are endomycorrhizae? how many are there?

Answer 12

it is a fungus that penetrates the cells of plants.

Anything that is not a ectomycorrhizae is a endomycorrhizae within fungi.

Question 13

True or false:

plants that have ectomycorrhizae grow better with them than without them.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

What is mycorrhizal innoculation?

Answer 14

The fact that plants grow better when combined with their respective ectomycorrhizae.

Question 15

Are there any plants that lack chlorophyll?

Answer 15

Yes, roughly 400 spp.

Question 16

How do plants that do not conduct photosynthesis gather their carbohydrates?

Answer 16

From mycorrhizal fungi

Question 17

What function do achlorophyllous plants in the relationship between the fungi - plant relationship?

Answer 17

The achlorophyllous plants act as distant parasites, as the fungi get nothing in return, as the plant feeds on the carbohydrates.

Question 18

What is a blight?

Answer 18

A plant-parasitic fungi necroses caused by fungi digesting plant tissue.

Question 19

What is wilt?

Answer 19

The blockage of xylem by hyphae by plant-parasitic fungi.

Question 20

What are powdery mildews?

Answer 20

Fungi that coat leaves and fruits, penetrating surface cells with special hyphae.

Question 21

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 21

It is the liberation of plant hormones that cause excessive tissue growth by plant-parasitic fungi .

Question 22

What does the root word “troph” mean?

Answer 22

Feeding/food.

Question 23

How can fungi prevent the reproduction of plants? (three ways)

Answer 23

• prevent flowering
• replace seeds with own fruiting body.
• replace pollen with fungal spores.

Question 24

What is dutch elm disease?

Answer 24

An introduce fungi to north america in 1930 that killed off most native elms in north america.

Question 25

What is chestnut blight?

Answer 25

an introduced species of pathogenic fungus that kills chestnut trees.

Question 26

Why do few chestnut trees survive the chestnut blight?

Answer 26

because they are infected with a hypovirlent strain of fungus.

Question 27

How can fungi eat bugs?

Answer 27

Because insects exoskeletons are made of chitin.

Question 28

What are nematode traps?

Answer 28

Fungi that have evolved to trap and eat invertebrates.

Question 29

What is Psilocybin?

Answer 29

Magic mushroom

Question 30

What is Ananita muscaria?

Answer 30

Also known as Fly agaric, it is a red and white toxic and hallucinogenic mushroom.

Question 31

What was St. Anthony’s Fire?

Answer 31

A mysterious ailment that struck poor people in Europe characterized by violent convulsions and formication, along with gangrene.

Question 32

Where did the precursor of LSD originally come from and what is it called?

Answer 32

It come from Ergot, ryr bread made from infected grain.

Question 33

What is no bad about eatting Amanita?

Answer 33

it will KILL you, one bite is enough to be lethal