lecture 18 Flashcards
What is the defining feature of Phylum Ecdysozoa?
They must molt their cuticle in order to grow.
What is it called when an entire cuticle is shed at one?
Ecdysis
What is a cuticle?
The non-living outer layer of skin
What is the meaning of the root word -cutis-
Skin
What lies below the Cuticle of Ecdysozoa?
The epidermis.
What are the three layers that make up the cuticle?
- endocuticle
- exocuticle
- epicuticle
What do the root words -endo- -exo- -epi- mean?
- Within
- outside
- upon
In arthropods, the cuticle is frequently ________
Sclerotized
What dose the root word -scler- mean?
Hard
What is it called when only particular regions of an animal are Sclerotized?
It is called sclerites (when shaped like plates)
What dose the root word -apolysis- mean?
Away from
What dose the root word -lys- mean?
loosening
_______________________ ________ _______ is secreted by the epidermis during the second phase of molting
Inactive molting fluid.
During the third stage of molting, a thin ______ is deposited between molting fluid and epidermis
protective layer.
During the fourth stage of molting, the enzymes within the molting fluid are activated, what happens?
The endocuticle is digested.
What happens during the fifth stage of molting?
A new differentiated later of cuticle is deposited beneath the protective layer.
Why is the new cuticle winked after it forms beneath the protective layer?
This is because it has a greater surface area than the previous one
What is it called when the old exocutucle and epicuticle are molted?
ecdysis
Animals may swallow _____ or ________ to help split old skin.
Water pr air.
What happens during the 9th stage of molting?
The new cuticle expands over the hosts body
What happens during the 10th stage of molting?
The outside of the new cuticle is sclerotized by secerations transported through canals
What is the common name for the Phylum Onychophora
Velvet worms
What is the defining characteristic of Onychophora?
They are soft bodied, segmented, with many pairs of unjointed legs tipped with claws
What is one spp of Onychophpras called?
Lobopods
What dose the root word -onych- mean>
Claw
What dose the root word -phor- mean?
To bear
True or false:
Onychophora moult
true.
Are Onychophora cephalized?
They show very little cephalization.
What is cephalization?
The concentration of sensory organs at the anterior portion of the body.
What is it called when you have a open circulatory system?
Haemocoel
True or false:
Onychophora are haemocoel?
True
they have an open circulatory system.
Within onychophora, the _______ directly bathes the organs.
Haemolymph
Like many arthropods, the Onychophora have a single set of _______ on their head and one pair of legs per ________
seneroy antennae
segment (legs are not joined)
How do onychophora exchange gases?
Through a tracheal system.
What are the openings in the side of the body of Onychophora called?
Stigmata or Spiracles
What is the main large-bore tube called that is involved in gas exchange in onychophora
Tracheae
True or flase:
All Onychophora are predators
True.
how do Onychophora capture their prey?
by shooting glue from glue glands next to their mouth.
Like most ecdysozoans, onychophora have ______
Separate sexes.
What is one strange way that Onychophora get funky?
Through Hypodermic insemination.
What are the three ways that Onychophora have babies?
Oviparous
ovoviviparous
vivparous
What is Oviparous?
Ovi = egg Pareo = to give birth
This is when an animal gives birth to eggs
What is ovoviviparous?
viv=alive
The eggs stay inside the mother, hatch inside the mom and then are given birth to the world
What is vivparous
when an animal gives birth to live young.
The ______ ancestors of the Onychophora were _______
Cambrian
marine
What is the common name for the phylum Tardigrada?
Water Bears
What kind of limbs do Tradigrada have?
They have 4 pairs of claw-tipped lobopod limbs.
What dose the Root word -grad- and -tardi- mean?
Stepping slowly.
What dose tardigrade mean?
Slowly stepping
True or False:
Tardigrada periodically moult.
True.
Moss and Soil dwelling Tardigrada have the ability to enter a state of ____________ in response to drying environment.
suspendend animation.
What is the common name for the Phylum Nematoda?
Roundworms or threadworms
Despite High species richness within Nematoda, they have _____________ ____________
Morphologically tedious
True or false:
Nematoda do not molt and are not Ecdysozoa
This is false.
They do molt and are Ecdysozoa
What is the body structure of Nematoda’s?
They are pseudocelomates
Most nematodes have _____ sexes, with sperm being transported by ___________
Two
Direct intromission
How do nematoda grow?
They are Eutelic.
What dose it mean to be Eutelic?
Means that you grow through your cells growing, but nit by adding additional cells.
Why are Caenorhabditis elegans a model organism for studying development?
Because you can knock out one cell from the embryo and see what is missing as an adult.
Most Nematoda are ________ ___________ in organic substrates
free living
True or False:
Many Nematoda are parasites.
True
True or false:
Nematoda are among the most medically important animals.
True.
What is really cool about Arthropoda?
They are the most species rich phylum of any organism.
True or false:
3/4 out of every names species of animal is an arthropod.
True.
What are the main characteristics of Arthropods?
They have joined limbs
They have a sclerotized cuticle made of chitin that acts as a exoskeleton.
What do the root words -arthros- and -pod- mean?
joint foot
what kind of body organization do Arthropods have?
They have segmented bodies
Are Arthropods cephalized?
They are well cephalized.
True or false:
In addition to a head, most arthropods have other tagmata
True.
What dose the root word -tagma- mean?
collection of adjacent segments specialized for some function.
What are the 5 main groups of Arthropods?
Trilobita
Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda
