Seedless Plants-Chapter 30 Flashcards
the kingdom ___________ includes land plants and green algae (red and brown algae are excluded)
viridiplantae
all green plants arose form a single species of ______________
freshwater algae
green algae split into ________ major groups
2
green algae that never made it to land
chlorophytes
green algae that did make it to land (need moist environment)
charophytes
What are the 2 major features of land plants?
(1) protected embryos
(2) multicellular aldfja;ldskfjas;lj
protection from desiccation, leaves increase photosynthetic surface area, dominant diploid generation
plant adaptation to terrestrial life
humans have a _________ life cycle, only the diploid stage is multicellular, haploid stage is one gamete cell
diplontic
plants have a _________ life cycle
haplodiplontic
multicellular diploid stage of plants
sporophyte
multicellular haploid stage of plants
gameotophyte
Sporophytes make _________, gametophytes make_____________.
spores, gametes
in plants, there is no __________ stage
dikaryotic
the _______ stage becomes the dominant portion of the life cycle.
diploid
evolution is a result of __________
branching
unicellular chlorophyte with two flagella, have eyespots to direct swimming, reproduces sexually as well as asexually
chlamydomonas
colonial chlorophyte, hollow sphere of a single layer of cells
volvox
multicellular chlorophyte, haplodiplontic life cycle, gametophyte and sporophte have identical appearance
ulva
lineage of green algae that are closely related to land plants
charophytes
closest living descendants of the first land plants, lack vascular tissue, non-photosynthetic sporophyte is nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte, includes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
bryophytes
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liverworts
sporophyte may be partially photosynthetic, cells have a single large chloroplast (as opposed to many)
hornworts
gametophytes consist of small, leaf-like structures around a stem-like axis, anchored to substrate by rhizoids, tall, non-photosynthetic sporophyte stalks
mosses
known as vascular plants, contain 2 types of vascular tissue, enable and enhance height and size
tracheophytes
conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots
xylem
conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the plant
pholem
what are the 3 major clades of tracheophytes?
(1) lycophytes
(2) pterophytes
(3) seed plants
known as club mosses, the earliest vascular plants, lack seeds and no relation to true mosses, sporophyte dominant
lycophytes
most belong to true ferns, the most abundant group of seedless vascular plants (11,000 species), much greater development in the life cycle, sporophytes have fronds (leaves), sporophyte generation is very large and separate from the gametophyte, sporophytes produce sori on the back of the fronds
pterophytes
