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Biology 110 > Noncoelomate Invertebrates- Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Noncoelomate Invertebrates- Chapter 33 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the general characteristics that all animals share?

A 
heterotrophs
multicellular
lack a cell wall
ability to move
diverse in form
diverse in habitat
embryonic development
tissues and tissue layers
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2
Q

the hypothesis that states we came from a line of multinucleate ciliates

A

the multinucleate hypothesis

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3
Q

hypothesis that states we came from a line of colonial flagellates, favored by molecular systematics

A

colonial flagellate hypothesis

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4
Q

event that led to an enormous expansion of animal diversity 525 MYA, major phyla born

A

Cambrian explosion

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5
Q

What gene complex evolved from the Cambrian explosion?

A

Hox developmental gene

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6
Q

lack symmetry and tissues

A

parazoa

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7
Q

have symmetry and tissues

A

eumetazoa

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8
Q

two germ layers

A

diploblastic

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9
Q

have three germ layers

A

triploblastic

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10
Q

the only kind of parazoan

A

porifera (sponges)

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11
Q

lack defined tissue and organs, disaggregate and aggregate their cells, include sponges

A

Parazoa

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12
Q

include marine and freshwater species, larval sponges are free swimming, adults are anchored

A

sponges

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13
Q

inner layer (porifera) of specialized flagellated cells called __________ or collar cells

A

choanocytes

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14
Q

central layer (porifera) gelatinous protein-rich matrix called the ________, includes calcium or glass __________, fibers made of the protein _________

A

mesophyl
spicules
spongin

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15
Q

outer layer (porifera)

A

protective layer

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16
Q

porifera are filter feeders, as the choanocyte flagella draws water through numerous small _____, this process is known as _____________

A

pores

intracellular digestion

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17
Q

small organisms are filtered from the water, exit the sponge through the _______

A

osculum

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18
Q

porifera reproduce asexually through _______, and reproduce sexually through the meeting of egg and sperm

A

fragmentation

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19
Q

Does parazoa have any true tissues?

A

no

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20
Q

Does eumetazoa have any true tissues?

A

yes

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21
Q

all other animals aside from porifera, 2 or 3 layers, distinct and well defined tissues, irreversible differentiation for most cell types

A

eumetazoa

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22
Q

Parazoa has___ symmerty, eumetazoa has ________ symmerty

A

no

radial

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23
Q

include Cnidaria and Ctenophora, branch out before bilateria, have radial symmetry and only two germ layers

A

diploblasts

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24
Q

outer layer, similar to the ectoderm

A

epidermis

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25
Q

inner layer, similar to the endoderm

A

gastrodermis

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26
Q

in-between the epidermis and and the gastrodermis, non-cellular and jelly

A

mesoglea

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27
Q

nearly all marine, bodies have distinct tissue but no organs, exclusively carnivorous

A

cnidarians

28
Q

cnidarians can be either ______ or _________

A

polyp

medusa

29
Q

cylindrical and sessile

A

polyp

30
Q

umbrella-shaped and free-living

A

medusa

31
Q

Some cnidarians can alternate between polyp or medusae

A

True

32
Q

polyps can reproduce sexually or asexually through _______, medusae reproduce sexually and form _______________

A

budding

free-swimming larvae

33
Q

digestion begins with fragmentation in the gastrovascular cavity

A

extracellular digestion

34
Q

cnidarians have no _________, _________, or __________ systems

A

circulatory, respiratory, or excretory

35
Q

specialized cells on the epidermis of cnidarian

A

nematocytes

36
Q

special type of organelle in cnidarians that contains a small but powerful harpoon, used for food acquisition and defense

A

nematocyst

37
Q

What are the 5 classes of cnidarians?

A

(1) Hydrozoa (hydroids)
(2) Anthozoa (corals)
(3) Cubozoa (box jellyfish)
(4) Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
(5) Staurozoa (star jellies)

38
Q

a small phylum whose members are known as comb jellies, sea walnuts, or sea gooseberries, propel themselves with eight rows of fused cilia, capture prey with a colloblast

A

ctenophora

39
Q

ctenophora is more complex than cnidarians because they show the beginnings of ________ traits

A

bilaterian

40
Q

bilaterally symetrical, triploblastic

A

bilateria

41
Q

right and left halves are mirror images, only mid-saggital plane bisects the animal into 2 equal halves

A

bilateral symmetry

42
Q

What are the 2 main advantages of bilateral symmetry?

A

cephalization for brain area and greater mobility

43
Q

inner tissue layer, gut lining

A

endoderm

44
Q

outer tissue layer, skin and nervous tissue

A

ectoderm

45
Q

middle tissue layer, muscle and and bone

A

mesoderm

46
Q

no body cavity

A

acoelomates

47
Q

body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

A

pseudocoelomates

48
Q

body cavity entirely within the mesoderm

A

coelomates

49
Q

flatworms that are soft bodied animals, many parasitic, others free-living, acoelomates, move by ciliated epithelial cells, have developed musculature

A

platyhelminthes

50
Q

platyhelminthes have a digestive cavity with only ____ opening and they cannot feed continuously

A

one

51
Q

the excretory system of platy’s contains a network of fine tubules, ______ cells are located on the side branches (isolate branches), function similar to kidney, wastes are excreted into the gut and eliminated through the mouth

A

flame

52
Q

platy’s have no ________ system

A

circulatory

53
Q

platy’s have a ______ nervous system with an eyespot and no brain

A

simple

54
Q

platy’s undergo sexual reproduction and are _________

A

hermaphroditic

55
Q

What are the 3 classes of Platy’s?

A

(1) Turbellaria (free-living)
(2) Trematoda (parasitic)
(3) Cercomeromorpha (Parasitic)

56
Q

free living flat worm, freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments

A

turbellaria

57
Q

include flukes, ecto or endo parasites in the bodies of animals, use anchors/hooks/suckers, include Schistosoma

A

trematoda

58
Q

tapeworms, live as parasites within the bodies of other animals, most species occur in the intestines of vertebrates, absorb nutrients through their skin

A

cercomeromorpha

59
Q

What are the 3 zones of cercomeromorpha?

A

(1) scolex- attachment organ
(2) neck- unsegmented
(3) proglottids- repetitive sections

60
Q

bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented roundworms, marine, freshwater, or soil habitats

A

nematodes

61
Q

nematodes are __________ and lack a defined _________ system

A

pseudocoelomates

circulatory

62
Q

nematodes are covered with a thick flexible cuticle, they are also ________ because they molt their cuticle

A

ecdysozoans

63
Q

nematodes have piercing organs in their mouth called ________

A

stylets

64
Q

nematodes pass food through the mouth their the sucking action of the ________

A

pharynx

65
Q

nematodes are active hunters and parasites to both _______ and ________

A

plants and larger animals

66
Q

wheel animals, pseudocoelomates, spiralia, complex internal organs, thick cilia called a _______ that are used for transport and funneling food

A

corona

Biology 110 (18 decks)

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