Noncoelomate Invertebrates- Chapter 33

Question 1

What are the general characteristics that all animals share?

Answer 1

heterotrophs
multicellular
lack a cell wall
ability to move
diverse in form
diverse in habitat
embryonic development
tissues and tissue layers

Question 2

the hypothesis that states we came from a line of multinucleate ciliates

Answer 2

the multinucleate hypothesis

Question 3

hypothesis that states we came from a line of colonial flagellates, favored by molecular systematics

Answer 3

colonial flagellate hypothesis

Question 4

event that led to an enormous expansion of animal diversity 525 MYA, major phyla born

Answer 4

Cambrian explosion

Question 5

What gene complex evolved from the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 5

Hox developmental gene

Question 6

lack symmetry and tissues

Answer 6

parazoa

Question 7

have symmetry and tissues

Answer 7

eumetazoa

Question 8

two germ layers

Answer 8

diploblastic

Question 9

have three germ layers

Answer 9

triploblastic

Question 10

the only kind of parazoan

Answer 10

porifera (sponges)

Question 11

lack defined tissue and organs, disaggregate and aggregate their cells, include sponges

Answer 11

Parazoa

Question 12

include marine and freshwater species, larval sponges are free swimming, adults are anchored

Answer 12

sponges

Question 13

inner layer (porifera) of specialized flagellated cells called __________ or collar cells

Answer 13

choanocytes

Question 14

central layer (porifera) gelatinous protein-rich matrix called the ________, includes calcium or glass __________, fibers made of the protein _________

Answer 14

mesophyl
spicules
spongin

Question 15

outer layer (porifera)

Answer 15

protective layer

Question 16

porifera are filter feeders, as the choanocyte flagella draws water through numerous small _____, this process is known as _____________

Answer 16

pores

intracellular digestion

Question 17

small organisms are filtered from the water, exit the sponge through the _______

Answer 17

osculum

Question 18

porifera reproduce asexually through _______, and reproduce sexually through the meeting of egg and sperm

Answer 18

fragmentation

Question 19

Does parazoa have any true tissues?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

Does eumetazoa have any true tissues?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

all other animals aside from porifera, 2 or 3 layers, distinct and well defined tissues, irreversible differentiation for most cell types

Answer 21

eumetazoa

Question 22

Parazoa has___ symmerty, eumetazoa has ________ symmerty

Answer 22

no

radial

Question 23

include Cnidaria and Ctenophora, branch out before bilateria, have radial symmetry and only two germ layers

Answer 23

diploblasts

Question 24

outer layer, similar to the ectoderm

Answer 24

epidermis

Question 25

inner layer, similar to the endoderm

Answer 25

gastrodermis

Question 26

in-between the epidermis and and the gastrodermis, non-cellular and jelly

Answer 26

mesoglea

Question 27

nearly all marine, bodies have distinct tissue but no organs, exclusively carnivorous

Answer 27

cnidarians

Question 28

cnidarians can be either ______ or _________

Answer 28

polyp | medusa

Question 29

cylindrical and sessile

Answer 29

polyp

Question 30

umbrella-shaped and free-living

Answer 30

medusa

Question 31

Some cnidarians can alternate between polyp or medusae

Answer 31

True

Question 32

polyps can reproduce sexually or asexually through _______, medusae reproduce sexually and form _______________

Answer 32

budding | free-swimming larvae

Question 33

digestion begins with fragmentation in the gastrovascular cavity

Answer 33

extracellular digestion

Question 34

cnidarians have no _________, _________, or __________ systems

Answer 34

circulatory, respiratory, or excretory

Question 35

specialized cells on the epidermis of cnidarian

Answer 35

nematocytes

Question 36

special type of organelle in cnidarians that contains a small but powerful harpoon, used for food acquisition and defense

Answer 36

nematocyst

Question 37

What are the 5 classes of cnidarians?

Answer 37

(1) Hydrozoa (hydroids) (2) Anthozoa (corals) (3) Cubozoa (box jellyfish) (4) Scyphozoa (jellyfish) (5) Staurozoa (star jellies)

Question 38

a small phylum whose members are known as comb jellies, sea walnuts, or sea gooseberries, propel themselves with eight rows of fused cilia, capture prey with a colloblast

Answer 38

ctenophora

Question 39

ctenophora is more complex than cnidarians because they show the beginnings of ________ traits

Answer 39

bilaterian

Question 40

bilaterally symetrical, triploblastic

Answer 40

bilateria

Question 41

right and left halves are mirror images, only mid-saggital plane bisects the animal into 2 equal halves

Answer 41

bilateral symmetry

Question 42

What are the 2 main advantages of bilateral symmetry?

Answer 42

cephalization for brain area and greater mobility

Question 43

inner tissue layer, gut lining

Answer 43

endoderm

Question 44

outer tissue layer, skin and nervous tissue

Answer 44

ectoderm

Question 45

middle tissue layer, muscle and and bone

Answer 45

mesoderm

Question 46

no body cavity

Answer 46

acoelomates

Question 47

body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

Answer 47

pseudocoelomates

Question 48

body cavity entirely within the mesoderm

Answer 48

coelomates

Question 49

flatworms that are soft bodied animals, many parasitic, others free-living, acoelomates, move by ciliated epithelial cells, have developed musculature

Answer 49

platyhelminthes

Question 50

platyhelminthes have a digestive cavity with only ____ opening and they cannot feed continuously

Answer 50

one

Question 51

the excretory system of platy's contains a network of fine tubules, ______ cells are located on the side branches (isolate branches), function similar to kidney, wastes are excreted into the gut and eliminated through the mouth

Answer 51

flame

Question 52

platy's have no ________ system

Answer 52

circulatory

Question 53

platy's have a ______ nervous system with an eyespot and no brain

Answer 53

simple

Question 54

platy's undergo sexual reproduction and are _________

Answer 54

hermaphroditic

Question 55

What are the 3 classes of Platy's?

Answer 55

(1) Turbellaria (free-living) (2) Trematoda (parasitic) (3) Cercomeromorpha (Parasitic)

Question 56

free living flat worm, freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments

Answer 56

turbellaria

Question 57

include flukes, ecto or endo parasites in the bodies of animals, use anchors/hooks/suckers, include Schistosoma

Answer 57

trematoda

Question 58

tapeworms, live as parasites within the bodies of other animals, most species occur in the intestines of vertebrates, absorb nutrients through their skin

Answer 58

cercomeromorpha

Question 59

What are the 3 zones of cercomeromorpha?

Answer 59

(1) scolex- attachment organ (2) neck- unsegmented (3) proglottids- repetitive sections

Question 60

bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented roundworms, marine, freshwater, or soil habitats

Answer 60

nematodes

Question 61

nematodes are __________ and lack a defined _________ system

Answer 61

pseudocoelomates | circulatory

Question 62

nematodes are covered with a thick flexible cuticle, they are also ________ because they molt their cuticle

Answer 62

ecdysozoans

Question 63

nematodes have piercing organs in their mouth called ________

Answer 63

stylets

Question 64

nematodes pass food through the mouth their the sucking action of the ________

Answer 64

pharynx

Question 65

nematodes are active hunters and parasites to both _______ and ________

Answer 65

plants and larger animals

Question 66

wheel animals, pseudocoelomates, spiralia, complex internal organs, thick cilia called a _______ that are used for transport and funneling food

Answer 66

corona