Digestive System- Chapter 47

Question 1

substances that an animal cannot manufacture itself but are necessary for health, must be obtained in diet, include vitamins, amino acid, and minerals

Answer 1

essential nutrients

Question 2

vertebrates have ______________ and must gain a range of essential nutrients from food

Answer 2

nutritional deficiencies

Question 3

single-celled organisms digest their food _____________, each cell digests for itself, no digestion in a body cavity

Answer 3

intracellularly

Question 4

multicellular animals digest their food ____________, occurs within a digestive cavity

Answer 4

extracellularly

Question 5

specialization occurs when a digestive tract has a separate _____ and _________

Answer 5

mouth and anus

Question 6

What organism has the most diverse butt-hole?

Answer 6

Holothuroidea

Question 7

ingested food is fragmented __________, stored, and digested ___________

Answer 7

physically

chemically

Question 8

occurs through the epithelial lining into the blood

Answer 8

absorption

Question 9

point of entry of the GI tract

Answer 9

mouth and pharynx

Question 10

delivers food to the stomach

Answer 10

esophagus

Question 11

preliminary digestion

Answer 11

stomach

Question 12

where most absorption occurs

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

where the waste is concentrated and compacted

Answer 13

large intestine

Question 14

area of waste storage and elimination

Answer 14

cloaca or rectum

Question 15

accessory organ that produces saliva

Answer 15

salivary glands

Question 16

accessory organ that produces bile

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

accessory organ that stores and concentrates bile

Answer 17

gallbladder

Question 18

accessory organ that produces pancreatic juice and bicarbonate buffer

Answer 18

pancreas

Question 19

epithelium that lines the interior of the GI tract (lumen)

Answer 19

mucosa

Question 20

connective tissue layer of GI tract

Answer 20

submucosa

Question 21

double layer of smooth muscles

Answer 21

muscularis

Question 22

epithelium that covers the external surface of the tract

Answer 22

serosa

Question 23

used to acquire/process/stab food, others use to chew or masticate

Answer 23

teeth

Question 24

muscular chamber that uses ingested pebbles to pulverize food

Answer 24

gizzard

Question 25

the tongue mixes food with _________ that moistens and lubricates the food

Answer 25

saliva

Question 26

found in saliva and breaksdown starch

Answer 26

salivary amylase

Question 27

the action of salivation is controlled by the ________

Answer 27

nervous system

Question 28

evolved from modified salivary glands, toxin is injected into prey, subdues the prey or kills it

Answer 28

venom

Question 29

tongue moves to back of mouth, soft palate elevated, larynx elevated pushes the glottis against the epiglottis to keep food out of respiratory tract

Answer 29

swallowing

Question 30

where food is moved into the mouth and down the throat with its own inertia or gravity

Answer 30

inertial feeding

Question 31

muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach, moves bolus through peristalsis

Answer 31

esophagus

Question 32

saclike portion of tract, mixes food with gastric juices, has rugae and can be expanded, acids and enzymes

Answer 32

stomach

Question 33

mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice

Answer 33

chyme

Question 34

chyme leaves the stomach through the ____________ to enter the small intestine

Answer 34

pyloric sphincter

Question 35

the small intestine is about 4.5 meters long and is covered in _______

Answer 35

villi, which are covered by microvilli

Question 36

amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed through the epithelial cells in the

Answer 36

small intestine

Question 37

aka colon, shorter and wider, vestigial structures include cecum and appendix, no digestion and little absorption, concentrate waste

Answer 37

large intestine

Question 38

compacted feces are stored in the ________

Answer 38

rectum

Question 39

compacted feces are eliminated through the ______

Answer 39

anus

Question 40

seen in some vertebrates, monotremes, urinary, reproductive, and GI tracts join

Answer 40

cloaca

Question 41

pancreatic fluid is secreted into the duodenum through the

Answer 41

pancreatic duct

Question 42

body’s largest internal organ, secretes bile into duodenum, emulsifies fats, regulates hormones and can produce proteins

Answer 42

liver

Question 43

increased secretion of insulin promotes deposition of ___________

Answer 43

glycogen

Question 44

stores concentrated bile

Answer 44

gallbladder

Question 45

all mammals rely on intestinal bacteria to synthesize vitamin ___

Answer 45

K

Question 46

have a 4 chambered stomach, can regurgitate and rechewed during rumination

Answer 46

ruminants

Question 47

horses, deer, and rabbits digest cellulose in the ______

Answer 47

cecum

Question 48

eating of feces to absorb nutrients a second time during passage of food

Answer 48

corpophagy

Question 49

triggers secretion of HCl and pepsinogen from gastric glands

Answer 49

gastrin

Question 50

What are 3 duodenal hormones?

Answer 50

CCK, secretin, GIP

Question 51

minimal amount of energy consumed under defined resting conditions

Answer 51

basal metabolic rate

Question 52

when calories ingested exceed the metabolic rate over a sustained period, ________ occurs

Answer 52

obesity