Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 110 > Plant Form-Chapter 36 > Flashcards

Plant Form-Chapter 36 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 systems that make up a vascular plant?

A

(1) root system

(2) shoot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals

A

root system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

supporting systems, photosynthetic leaves, reproductive flowers

A

shoot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

both the root and shoot system has an _______ that extends growth

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

found in all cells, cellulose fibers parallel to microtubules

A

primary cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

found in some cells, increase mechanical strength of wall

A

secondary cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 kinds of tissue systems of plants?

A

(1) dermal tissue
(2) ground tissue
(3) vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

layer for protection, seen as wax and bark

A

dermal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

layer for storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

A

ground tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

layer for conduction, contains the xylem and phloem

A

vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

part of vascular tissue that is used for water transport and dissolved minerals

A

xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

part of vascular tissue that is used for transport of nutrient-containing solution

A

pholem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm and large nuclei, they act as stem cells do in animals, one cells divides and produces a different cell and a meristematic cell

A

meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

located at the tips of stems and roots, give rise to primary tissues which are collectively called the primary plan body, three primary meristems give rise to the three major types of plant tissue

A

apical meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

exhibit secondary growth, increases the size of stems and roots

A

lateral meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

forms the epidermis which is usually one cell layer thick, covered with a fatty cutin layer constituting the cuticle, contains special cells such as guard cells, trichomes and root hairs

A

dermal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

paired sausage shaped cells in the dermal tissue, flank a stoma which is the passage way for oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

guard cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cellular or multicellular growths of the epidermis, keep the leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation, covering stoma, some are glandular, secreting substances that deter herbivory

A

trichomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells, greatly increase the root’s surface area and efficiency of absorption

A

root hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 types of ground tissue?

A

(1) Parenchyma
(2) Collenchyma
(3) Sclerenchya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

found in ground tissue, the most common type of plant cell, used for storage, photosynthesis, secretion, provide little to no support

A

parenchyma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

found in ground tissue, provide flexible support for plant organs, allowing bending but not breaking

A

collenchyma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

found in ground tissue, have thick walls, has fibers that are long slender cells that are usually grouped in strands, sclereids are varied in shape and can be branched (single or grouped), both used to strengthen tissues

A

sclerenchya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

water and mineral conducting tissue, contains vessels which are continuous tubes of dead cylindrical cells, contains tracheids which are dead cells that taper at the end and overlap one another, vessels are shorted and wider than tracheids and conduct water more efficiently

A

vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

xylem cells are _______

A

dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the main food-conducting tissue, contains two types of elongated cells (sieve cells and sieve tube members) which are living cells that contain clusters of pores, companion are adjacent to sieve-tube members and help because they are anucleate

A

phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 4 major regions of a root?

A

(1) root cap
(2) zone of cell division
(3) zone of elongation
(4) zone of maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

contains two types of cells that are formed by the apical meristem (columella cells are inner and root cap cells are outer and lateral), functions in protection of delicate tissues

A

root cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

roots lengthen because cells become several times longer than wide, no further increase occurs above this zone

A

zone of elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where the elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types

A

zone of maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types, the vascular tissue is surrounded by endodermis, the ground tissue (now known as the cortex), is surrounded by epidermis, the epidermis grows root hairs

A

zone of maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types, contains casparian strip

A

zone of maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

a watertight layer in between endodermis cells, water cannot travel between cells, it must travel through them, plants can regulate fluid movement into the xylem

A

zone of maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

secondary growth in woody plant roots, a ring of meristematic tissue surround the xylem (in btwn xylem and phloem), causes later growth of the xylem, expanding root width

A

vascular cambium

35
Q

type of modified root, arise from any place other than the plant’s root

A

adventitioius roots

36
Q

modified roots that penetrate host plants

A

parasitic roots

37
Q

store carbohydrates

A

food storage roots

38
Q

keep the plant upright

A

prop roots

39
Q

obtain water from the air

A

aerial roots

40
Q

weigh 50 or more kg

A

water storage roots

41
Q

provide considerable stability

A

buttress roots

42
Q

facilitate oxygen uptake

A

pneumatophores

43
Q

shoot apical meristem produce ___________, develop into leaves, flowers, and a;lkdjfal

A

primordia

44
Q

What is the most common way for leaves to be arranged?

A

alternate (other arrangements include opposite and whorled)

45
Q

point of attachment from leaf to stem

A

node

46
Q

area of stem between to nodes

A

internode

47
Q

flattened part of leaf

A

blade

48
Q

stalk of leaf

A

petiole

49
Q

angle between petiole/blade and stem

A

axil

50
Q

develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers

A

axillary bud

51
Q

extends the shoot system during the growing season

A

terminal bud

52
Q

certain plants have vascular bundles ____________ throughout the ground tissue system

A

scattered

53
Q

some plants have vascular tissue arranged in a ring with internal ground tissue (__________) and external ground tissue (___________)

A

pith and cortex

54
Q

located between the xylem and pholem (as in roots) and expands stem width by growing new xylem (one band a year gives tree rings)

A

vascular cambium

55
Q

layer outside of pholem, has a meristematic cork cambium that produces cork cells for strong bark

A

periderm

56
Q

Layer stem structure from inner to outer

A

xylem, vascular cambium, pholem, cork cambium, outer bark

57
Q

cork tissue cells die shortly after they are formed and make up the _____________

A

outer bark

58
Q

the cork cambium also produces cells called ___________ that permit gas exchange to continue

A

lenticels

59
Q

swollen underground stems, consisting of fleshy leaves

A

bulbs

60
Q

superficially resemble bulbs, have no fleshy leaves

A

corms

61
Q

horizontal underground stems, adventitious roots

A

rhizomes

62
Q

horizontal stems with long internodes that grow along the surface of the ground

A

runners and stolens

63
Q

swollen tip of rhizome that contain carbohydrates

A

tubers

64
Q

twine around supports and aid in climbing

A

tendrils

65
Q

flattened photosynthetic stems resembling leaves

A

cladophylls

66
Q

leaves in a cactus are the __________

A

needles

67
Q

________ are the main site of photosynthesis, they are determinate structures whose growth stops at maturity

A

leaves

68
Q

have one vein which does not extend the full length of the leaf, found mainly in lycophyta

A

microphyll

69
Q

have several to many veins

A

megaphyll

70
Q

___________ contain undivided blades, may have teeth, indentations or lobes

A

simple leaves

71
Q

__________ have blades that are divided into ____________

A

compound leaves

leaflets

72
Q

the surface of leaves are covered by transparent epidermal cells, mostly have ____ chloroplasts

A

no

73
Q

the epidermis is a __________ cuticle, the lower epidermis contains numerous mouth-shaped stomata flanked by guard cells

A

waxy

74
Q

the __________ is the tissue between the upper and lower epidermis

A

mesophyll

75
Q

monocot leaves have ___________ mesophyll

A

one

76
Q

eudicot leaves have __________ types of mesohphyll

A

two

77
Q

usually two rows of tightly packed cells

A

palisade mesophyll

78
Q

loosely arranged cells with air spaces

A

spongy mesophyll

79
Q

surround true flowers and behave as showy petals

A

floral leaves (bracts)

80
Q

reduce water loss and may deter predators

A

spines

81
Q

plantlets capable of growing independently into full-sized plants

A

reproductive leaves

82
Q

cone-shaped leaves that allow photosynthesis underground

A

window leaves

83
Q

larger in surface area but with less mesophyll than sun-lit leaves

A

shade leaves

84
Q

pitcher plants, sundews, and venus flytrap are examples of _____________

A

insectivorous leaves

Biology 110 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions