Circulatrory System-Chapter 49

Question 1

sponges, cnidarians, and nematodes _______ a circulatory system, the obtain all their nutrients and oxygen through ________

Answer 1

lack

diffusion

Question 2

no distinction between circulating and extracellular fluid

Answer 2

open circulatory system

Question 3

fluid in an open circulatory system

Answer 3

hemolymph

Question 4

distinct circulatory fluid enclosed in vessels and transported away from and back to the heart

Answer 4

closed circulatory system

Question 5

fluid in a closed circulatory system

Answer 5

blood

Question 6

all _________ have a closed circulatory system

Answer 6

vertebrates

Question 7

path of circulation for fish:

Answer 7

body–> heart –> gills —> body

Question 8

in fishes, four structures are arranged one after the other to form ______ muscular pumping chambers

Answer 8

two

Question 9

fishes have one _____ and one ______

Answer 9

atrium

ventricle

Question 10

what are the 2 components of the double circulation system, as seem in vertebrate circulation?

Answer 10

(1) pulmonary circulation

(2) systemic circulation

Question 11

heart –> lungs –> heart

Answer 11

pulmonary circulation

Question 12

heart –> body –> heart

Answer 12

systemic circulation

Question 13

amphibians and reptiles have a ___ chambered heart, __ atria and __ ventricle

Answer 13

3
2
1

Question 14

amphibians mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, they obtain additional oxygen through _________________

Answer 14

cutaneous respiration

Question 15

mammals and archosaurs have a __ chambered heart with 2 __________ and _______

Answer 15

4
atria
ventricles

Question 16

guard the openings between the atria and ventricles, left and right, bicuspid and tricuspid

Answer 16

atrioventricular valves

Question 17

guard the exits from the ventricles to the arterial system, pulmonary on the right, aortic on the left

Answer 17

semilunar valves

Question 18

supply the heart muscle itself

Answer 18

coronary arteries

Question 19

bring the blood back to the right atria

Answer 19

cardiac veins

Question 20

resting portion of the cardiac cycle

Answer 20

diastole

Question 21

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 21

systole

Question 22

the heart contracts starting at the _________, located in the right atrium, acts as a pacemaker for the rest of the heart, produces AP for heart to beat

Answer 22

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 23

blood leaves the heart through the _______

Answer 23

arteries

Question 24

the finest, microscopic branches of the arterial tree

Answer 24

arterioles

Question 25

site of oxygen exchange occurs, blood from the arterioles

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

collects blood from the capillaries

Answer 26

venules

Question 27

venules lead into the _______ which carry blood back to the heart

Answer 27

veins

Question 28

What are the 4 layers of vasculature?

Answer 28

• inside to outside*
  (1) endothelium
  (2) elastic fibers
  (3) smooth muscle
  (4) connective tissues

Question 29

single layer of endothelial cells, allow rapid exchange of gases and metabolites btwn blood and body cells

Answer 29

capillaries

Question 30

contraction of the smooth muscle layer results in ____________

Answer 30

vasoconstriction

Question 31

relaxation of the smooth muscle layer results in _____________

Answer 31

vasodilation

Question 32

thinner layer of smooth muscle than arteries, return blood to the heart with the help of skeletal muscle contractions and one way valves

Answer 32

veins and venules

Question 33

main cause of cardiovascular deaths in the US, insufficient supply of blood to the heart, myocardial infarcation

Answer 33

heart attack

Question 34

interference with blood supply to the brain

Answer 34

stroke