Respiratory System-Chapter 48 Flashcards
gas exchange is dependent on ___________. the more the better
surface area
gasses diffuse directly through the membrane, high surface area to volume ratio,
single celled organisms
in small invertebrates, such as platyhelminthes cnidarians and nematoda, gases can diffuse through the _________ and ________. it is called the __________ cavity
integument
gut
gastrovascular
the flattening of the body cavity ______ the surface area
increases
the ________ can circulate gases
pseudocoel
specialized tissues with high surface area seen in aquatic groups such as molluska and crustacea, water is taken in and circulated through them, gas is exchanged
internal gills
seen in echinoderms, protrude into water column and increase SA exposed to water for gas exchange, O2 circulated through the animal via the water vascular system
papulae
openings in the exoskeleton of hexapoda that lead into ducts of the trachea
spiracles
trachea divides into _________, more SA delivers air directly to the tissues
tracheoles
in amphibians, thin moist skin with lots of ________ allows for gas exchange. this process is called ________________
capillaries
cutaneous respiration
aquatic vertebrates have structures that function similarly to invertebrate gills, derived from __________ found in all chordates at one time
pharyngeal slits
in aquatic vertebrates there are several _______ on each side of an animal’s head
gill arch
each gill arch is composed of two rows of ________ which consist of ___________
gill filaments
lamellae
found in immature fish and amphibians, outside the body
external gills
What are 2 disadvantages of external gills?
must be constantly move to ensure oxygen rich fresh water, easily damaged