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dyllan's decks for studying > Science spiral 2 > Flashcards

Science spiral 2 Flashcards

1
Q

who is Democritus

A

he came up with the indivisible particle.

It’s made up of tiny pieces that cannot be broken down.

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2
Q

who is dalton

A

he came up with the billiard ball model,

atoms are small indivisible particles.

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3
Q

who is thomson

A

came up with the chocolate chip model.

Theory: negatively charged electrons are found inside a positive charge sphere

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4
Q

who is rutherford

A

the nuclear model

Theory: atoms are mostly empty space with a positively charged centre

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5
Q

what do elements of the same group have

A

same number of valance electrons

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6
Q

Which group is each chemical family in and how many valence electrons does each have

A

alkali- group 1- 1 valance electron

alkaline earth metals group 2- 2 valance electrons

Halogen- group 7/17 - 7 valence electrons

Noble gases- group 8/18- 2/8valence electrons

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7
Q

who is chadwick

A

model: The planetary model

Theory: nucleus contains neutral particles along with the positively charged particles

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8
Q

who is Bohr

A

model: Rutherford- bohr model

Theory: electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels

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9
Q

5 metal properties

A

-solid (except mercury)
-shiny
-good conductors
-malleable
-ductile

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10
Q

5 non- metal properties

A

-solid, liquid, gas,
-dull (not shiny)
-poor conductors
-brittle
-not ductile

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11
Q

whats a period

A

horizontal rows

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12
Q

groups

A

vertical columns

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13
Q

4 chemical family

A

alkali
alkaline earth metals
halogens
nobel gases

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14
Q

standard atomic notation

A

-Write the element short form
-mass number on top
-protons on bottum

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15
Q

where are subatomic particles located

A

protons- nucleus
neutrons- nucleus
-electrons - orbitals around the nucleus

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16
Q

charge of subatomic particles

A

protons - positive
-neutrons- neutral
-electrons- negative

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17
Q

whats an isotope

A

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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18
Q

orbital trends

A

the period it is, determines how many orbitals the elemten has

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19
Q

atomic radius

A

the size of the atom

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20
Q

How many electrons fit in the first second and third orbital

A

1-2
2-8
3-8

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21
Q

Elements vs. Compounds:

A

Elements: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. ( hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, chlorine etc.)

Compounds: A pure substance that contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio. ( salt, sugar, water, carbon dioxide etc.)

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22
Q

Atom vs. Element:

A

Elements are a pure substance and Atoms are the smallest units of elements

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23
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

Atoms contain the same number of protons and electrons making their overall charge always neutral.

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24
Q

what is Static Electricity

A

The buildup of an electric charge on the surface of an object.

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25
Q

Charging by conduction (contact):

A

when Two objects have a DIFFERENT charge

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26
Q

Charging by friction:

A

Two objects are NEUTRAL

27
Q

Charging by Induction (temporary)

A

Temporary: Holding a charged object close to a neutral object creates an induced charge on the neutral object.

28
Q

charging by induction permanently

A

Permanent: An induced charge in neutral objects can be made permanent by grounding the object on the side furthest from the charged object.

29
Q

What is the difference between a temporary and permanent charge?

A

A temporary induced charge is where a charged object is brought close to (but not touching) a neutral object but a permanent induced charge needs the neutral object to be grounded as well.

30
Q

What are the 3 laws of electric charges?

A

Objects with the same charge repel each other
Object with opposite charges will attract each other
Charged objects attract neutral objects

31
Q

How to charge an object using friction

A

Rubbing one object together with another object will cause the electrons to transfer to another material.

32
Q

Net charge

A

Overall charge of the atom

33
Q

Grounding

A

Connecting an object to the earth’s surface using a conductor

34
Q

Discharging (water vapor):

A

Moisture in the air can act as a pathway for electrons, humid air draws more electrons than dry air

35
Q

Big bang theory:

A

All of the matter and energy in the universe expanded from a single point

36
Q

What was the first atom to be created in the universe?

A

Hydrogen

37
Q

Nebula

A

cloud of gas and dust

38
Q

Nuclear fusion:

A

The process that takes place in the core of the sun (merges atoms together)

39
Q

3 possible life paths for stars

A

Low Mass Nebela, Medium Mass Nebela, and High Mass Nebela.

40
Q

Low Mass Nebela

A

Nebula– Protostar–Red Dwarf–White Dwarf

41
Q

Medium Mass Nebela

A

Nebula–Protostar–Red Giant–Planetary Nebula–White Dwarf–Black Dwarf

42
Q

High Mass Nebela

A

Nebula–Protostar–Red supergiant–Supernova–Neutron star and Black hole

43
Q

Supernova:

A

Stars that eventually died creating a massive explosion called supernova.

44
Q

Reservoirs:

A

an area where carbon is stored for long period of time

45
Q

Biotic Reservoirs:

A

Carbon trapped in the cells of living organisms. (forests, fossil fuels, shells, bones)

46
Q

Abiotic Reservoirs

A

Carbon stored in the environment. (Lakes, Rivers, the ocean)

47
Q

Carbon Deposits:

A

ways which carbon can get trapped underground. ( fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) that form when decomposed organisms are compressed over long periods)

48
Q

3 ways humans add carbon to the environment:

A

Burn fossil fuels
Cut down trees (Deforestation)
Pollute the air with car emissions

49
Q

Burning fossil fuels

A

releases carbon in that reservoir adding more carbon into the atmosphere.

50
Q

Cutting down trees (Deforestation)

A

means less CO2 removed from the atmosphere for Photosynthesis. Any carbon trapped in these trees is then released into the atmosphere.

51
Q

Polluting the air with car emissions

A

air pollution from cars adds more carbon into the atmosphere and this can actually result in acid rain forming.

52
Q

Decomposers

A

return carbon trapped in the bodies of organisms back to the atmosphere in the form of CO2.

53
Q

2 complementary processes’ balancing the carbon cycle:

A

Carbon is recycled in the carbon cycle through several processes but mostly through photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

54
Q

Why is algal bloom bad for plants

A

Blocks the sun, preventing them from undergoing photosynthesis.

55
Q

Eutrophication:

A

excess nitrogen entering run-off in nearby lakes and ponds.

56
Q

Algal Bloom

A

Layer of algae that grows on the surface of water.

57
Q

Human activities disrupting the nitrogen cycle:

A

Fertilizers–Excess Nitrogen in Run-Off–Eutrophication–Algal Bloom

58
Q

What do humans add to fertilizers to help plants grow and why is too much of this thing bad?

A

They add nitrogen and excess fertilizers can damage aquatic ecosystems.

59
Q

Which bean boosts nitrogen content in soil?

A

Legumes

60
Q

Crop Rotation–

A

Some farmers rotate between their regular crops and legume plants

61
Q

Three sisters–

A

Corn (provide a lattice for beans to grow on), Beans (provide nitrogen to the soil for corn and squash), and Squash (provides moisture to the soil for beans and corn)

62
Q

Why is bacteria the most important part of the nitrogen cycle?

A

Bacterias are necessary for “fixing” the nitrogen so it can be used by plants.

63
Q

Human influence impact the nitrogen cycle:

A

Humans use too much nitrogen in fertilizers– excess nitrogen goes into a lake/pond (eutrophication)– Algae increase in number (algal bloom)– block sunlight from reaching plants in water– No photosynthesis– Plants dead

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