Science-Ecology Unit test Flashcards
Food Chains
Show a sequence of feeding from one organism to another
Ecosystem are made up of two factors
Biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)
sustainable ecosystems
One thing that is able to thrive and support it self without outside influence or assistance
4 parts of an ecosystems
- population 2. community 3. biome 4. Biosphere
Population
All organisms of same species living together
Community
Population of different species living in the same place
Biome
A complex community of plants and animals living in a large area having a similar ecosystem
Biosphere
The parts of the plant where all life exists
Biodiversity
Number or different organisms in an area
Niche
is the role an organism plays in their environment
Habitat
is the environment that an organism occupies
Which two sources do organisms get their energy from
Autotroph and heterotroph
How do autotrophs get their food
They make their own food from photosynthesis
How do heterotrophs get their food
Biotic environment
4 key components to the earths surface
- Atmosphere 2. Lithosphere 3. Hydrosphere 4. Biosphere
Primary producers and consumers
Autotrophs and herbivore
Infraspecific competition
Competition between individuals of the SAME species EX: two lions fighting over a mate
Interspecific competition
Competition between DIFFERENT species EX: owls and hawks both eating mice
predator- prey relationship
Advantage - Disadvantage
competition
Disadvantage- Disadvantage
Mutalism
Advantage - Advantage
Commensalism
Advantage - No effect
paratism
Advantage- Disadvantage
Herbivore
Plants
carnivore
Animals
Omnivore
Plants and animals
Predator
Animals (prey)
Scavenger
Already dead animals
Decomposer
Breaks down dead organisms and eats their waist
Radiant energy
Travel directly from the sun
Thermal energy
Present during heating and cooling
Light Energy
Visible forms of radiant energy
What creates glucose or thermal energy from light energy
Producer
Photosynthesis formula
Carbon dioxide + water + energy = sugar + oxygen
Reactants and product of photosynthesis
Reactant = Carbon + water
Products = Sugar + oxygen
What happens to the light energy in the process of photosynthesis
Light energy is converted to chemical energy which can later be used by a plant
cellular respiration formula
Sugar + Oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy
Reactants and products of cellular respiration
Reactants = sugar, oxgyen
Products = water, carbon Dioxide, Energy
Trophic level
Starting with producers ending with consumers
Atmosphere
Leather of gases surrounding the Earth
Arrows in a food chain represents what ?
Shows how energy is being passed along
Lithosphere
Earth solid Outer layer
Hydrosphere
All the earths water in solid, liquid, and gas form
Biosphere
The zone around the earth where life can exist
Lithosphere
The rocky outer shell of the Earth. (rocks, minerals, mountains, earth’s crust and mantle, etc.)
Photosynthesis
Reactants
Products:
Reactants: Sugar and oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water , energy
Complementary processes:
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes because the products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction.
What is the particle theory of matter?
It is a way to describe the structure of matter and how it behaves.
Pure substance vs Mixture
Pure substance: 1 type of particle
Mixture: 2 or more different types of particles
Elements vs. Compounds:
Elements: A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. ( hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, chlorine etc.)
Compounds: A pure substance that contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio. ( salt, sugar, water, carbon dioxide etc.)
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous mixture:
Homogeneous: solution– different substances are NOT visible
Ex. salt water, sugar water.
Heterogeneous: mechanical mixture– different substances ARE visible.
Ex. Rock and water, sand and stones.
Physical change:
A change in a substance that does not produce a new substance, even though it may change state, shape or form.
Physical property:
Characteristic or feature of a substance.
Qualitative physical properties:
Colour
State
Clarity
Odour
Taste
Texture
Lusture
Malleability
Flexibility
Ductility
Quantitative physical properties:
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility
Hardness
Electrical conductivity
Viscosity
Density
Adhesion
Cohesion
Chemical properties
The ability of a substance to react and form a new substance.
Combustibility
Reactivity with water
Toxicity
Stability
3 types of galaxies:
Barred Spiral Galaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
Irregular Galaxy
What type of galaxy is the milky way?
Barred Spiral Galaxy.
8 planets in order:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Inner vs. Outer solar system:
Inner= rocky/ terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)
Outer= gas giant planets (Jupitar, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
What separates the inner and outer planets?
Between mars and jupiter is an asteroid belt which is a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the sun.
Light year
Distance light travels in a year.
Why use light years?
Space is so huge so the use of kilometers would be impractical so we measure distances in space using light years.
Rotation
An object’s spinning around its own axis. 24 hours
Axis
An imaginary line that the object rotates around
Revolution
An object is circling around another object. a year
Orbit
A regular, repeating path that one object in space takes around another one. ( elliptical – oval shape)
Latitude
Horizontal parallel lines
degrees earth is tilted
23.5
The amount of sunlight we receive IS
what causes the climate changes during the seasons.
