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Dyllan's decks for studying > bell ring/exam > Flashcards

bell ring/exam Flashcards

1
Q

physical changes

A

-Change of form or shape. (ripping paper, shaping clay)

-Change of state.
(Solid, liquid, gas)

-Dissolving.
(dissolving sugar can be reverse if it’s boiled)

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2
Q

Chemical Changes

A

New Color appears

Heat/Light produced (hot) or absorbed (cold).

Bubbles of gas are formed

A solid material precipitate.
(the solid substance that appears when specific two substances mix)

Difficult to reverse

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3
Q

reactants vs products

A

reactants r the elements that make the products

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4
Q

what’s a Cation

A

Lose electrons and have a positive net charge

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5
Q

what’s a Anions

A

Gain electrons and have a negative net charge

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6
Q

Reactivity of metals vs nonmetals in periods

A

Reactivity of metals increases from right to left. Reactivity of nonmetals increases from left to right.

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7
Q

Reactivity of metals vs nonmetals in groups

A

Reactivity of metals increases from the top to the bottom. Reactivity of nonmetals increases from the bottom to the top

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8
Q

4 examples of Renewable energy

A

-Solar
-Wind
-Tidal (Hydro)
-Biomass (if properly managed)

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9
Q

2 examples of non- renewable energy

A

Fossil Fuels (Natural gas, propane, coal, and petroleum)
Nuclear

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10
Q

what’s a Path

A

a complete trip to and from the cell(s) with no back or repeat step

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11
Q

Series Circuit vs Parallel

A

A Series Circuit is where charges have only 1 path to follow.
A Parallel Circuit is where charges have more than 1 path to follow

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12
Q

What happens when a load goes out in a parallel vs series circuit?

A

Series– All loads in the circuit will go out
Parallel circuits– All loads in the circuit will stay the same brightness

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13
Q

How are Ammeters connected

A

Series

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14
Q

How are Voltmeters connected

A

Parallel

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15
Q

If the Ammeter/Voltmeter shows a negative number what does that mean?

A

The wires were incorrectly connected and needed to be switched

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16
Q

If a circuit only has one load, how must it be wired

A

In series

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17
Q

what’s a Combination Circuit

A

Circuit in which it has both elements of series and parallel

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18
Q

Unsafe use of circuits can cause

A

Short circuiting

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19
Q

What safety device can be used when the current exceeds a safe limit

A

A fuse will heat up and melt (breaking the circuit)

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20
Q

Automatic fuses

A

Circuit breakers

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21
Q

Resistor

A

a device that reduces the current in a circuit

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22
Q

Resistance
symbol and unit

A

symbol= R
unit= Ω (Ohm)

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23
Q

Current
symbol and unit

A

symbol=I
unit= Ampere

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24
Q

voltage
symbol and unit

A

symbol=V
unit= Volts

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25
Q

Advantages of wind renewable energy

A

Does not run out or create pollutions

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26
Q

Disadvantages of wind renewable energy

A

-expensive
-bad for birds
-not always windy

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27
Q

Advantages of Solar renewable energy

A

Does not run out or create pollutions

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28
Q

Disadvantages of solar non-renewable energy

A

-expensive
-not always sunny

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29
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels non-renewable energy

A

-not expensive
-easy to extract

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30
Q

Disadvantages of fossil fuels non-renewable energy

A

-Pollution
-will run out

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31
Q

Advantages of nuclear non-renewable energy

A

-lot’s of energy
-clean

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32
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear non-renewable energy

A

-can be deadly

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33
Q

Parallel law (math) all ? is the same

A

Voltage

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34
Q

series law (math) all ? is the same

A

Current

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35
Q

what’s a Biotic Factor

A

living organisms

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36
Q

what’s a Abiotic Factor

A

non living organisms

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37
Q

what’s Mutualism

A

both species benefit from the relationship and none are harmed. example: bees and flowers

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38
Q

what’s Parasitism

A

the parasite benefits and the host is
harmed. example: mosquitoes and humans

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39
Q

what’s Commensalism

A

one benefits and the other
neither benefits nor is harmed. example: Remora and sharks

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40
Q

what’s Predation

A

Predator-prey relationships where one organism hunts another

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41
Q

what’s Intraspecific Competition

A

competition between
individuals of the same species.

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42
Q

What percent of energy is passed along the food chain?

A

Any particular organism in a food chain will only pass on 10% of its energy to the organism that consumes it.

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43
Q

Photosynthesis Formula

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy → Sugar + Oxygen

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44
Q

Cellular respiration Formula

A

Sugar + Oxygen → Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

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45
Q

Complementary process

A

Cellular respiration and
photosynthesis are complementary processes

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46
Q

Food Chain

A

a sequence of feeding from one organism to another

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47
Q

Which level are decomposers found in

A

Decomposers consume organisms at every level.

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48
Q

Primary producers:

A

autotrophs

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49
Q

Primary consumers:

A

herbivores

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50
Q

What’s a Niche

A

the role an organism plays in their environment

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51
Q

what’s a Herbivore

A

Eats plants

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52
Q

what’s a Carnivore

A

Eats animals

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53
Q

what’s a Omnivore

A

Eats plants and Animals

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54
Q

what’s a Grazer

A

Eats living organisms without killing them

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55
Q

what’s a Predator

A

Eats animals (prey)

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56
Q

what’s a Scavenger

A

Eats already dead animals

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57
Q

what’s a Decomposer

A

Eats broken down dead organisms and their waste

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58
Q

what’s WHMIS

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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59
Q

what’s HHPS

A

Hazardous Household Product Safety

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60
Q

Qualitative Properties

A

Color
State
Clarity
Odour
Taste
Texture
Luster (Shiny)

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61
Q

Quantitative Properties

A

Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility
Hardness (resistance of a solid being scratched)
Electrical conductivity
Viscosity (flow)

62
Q

What’s charging by friction?

A

When you rub two objects together

63
Q

What’s charging by conduction?

A

When a unchanged object touch a charged object

64
Q

What’s charging induction?

A

When you charge an object without the objects touching

65
Q

Two positive objects

A

repel each other

66
Q

Two negative objects

A

repel each other

67
Q

One positive one negative object

A

attract each other

68
Q

Charging by friction Temporary or permanent?

A

Permanent

69
Q

Charging by conduction Temporary vs permanent?

A

Permanet

70
Q

Charging by induction Temporary vs permanent?

A

Temporary

71
Q

Why use light years?

A

Space is so huge so the use of kilometers would be impractical so we measure distances in space using light years.

72
Q

8 planets in order

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

73
Q

Inner vs. Outer solar system

A

Inner= rocky/ terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

Outer= gas giant planets (Jupitar, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

74
Q

3 types of galaxies

A

Barred Spiral Galaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
Irregular Galaxy

75
Q

Big bang theory

A

All of the matter and energy in the universe expanded from a single point

76
Q

Low Mass Nebela

A

Nebula– Protostar–Red Dwarf–White Dwarf

77
Q

Medium Mass Nebela

A

Nebula–Protostar–Red Giant–Planetary Nebula–White Dwarf–Black Dwarf

78
Q

High Mass Nebela

A

Nebula–Protostar–Red supergiant–Supernova–Neutron star and Black hole

79
Q

3 ways humans add carbon to the environment

A

Burn fossil fuels
Cut down trees (Deforestation)
Pollute the air with car emissions

80
Q

how is a star made

A

clouds of dust

81
Q

homogenous

A

1 layer example- jello

82
Q

heterogenous

A

you can see the different layers - oli in water or choco cookie

83
Q

hydrosphere

A

All the water on, above, and below the Earth’s surface. ( lakes, groundwater, clouds, icebergs, etc.)

84
Q

Biosphere

A

The parts of the planet where all life exists and their physical environment. (land, water, air, etc.)

85
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rocky outer shell of the Earth. (rocks, minerals, mountains, earth’s crust and mantle, etc.)

86
Q

Atmosphere

A

Blanket that helps moderate temperature, preventing excessive heating (day) or cooling (night).

87
Q

Trophic levels

A

Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers etc.

88
Q

Why does only 10% of the sun’s original energy get passed on to the next trophic level

A

This is because 90% is lost due to heat/ used so the remaining 10% can get passed on to the next trophic level

89
Q

Liquide particle behaviour

A

Space- small
Attraction- strong
Movement- slow
Energy- low

89
Q

What is the particle theory of matter?

A

It is a way to describe the structure of matter and how it behaves

89
Q

Gas particle behaviour

A

Space- big
Attraction- weak
Movement- fast
Energy - high

89
Q

Calculate the energy passed to each trophic level

A

Divided by 10 = Up the energy pyramid
Multiplied by 10= Down the energy pyramid

90
Q

Solid particle behaviour

A

Space- very small
Attraction- very strong
Movement - very slow
Energy - very low

91
Q

Solid- Liquid particle behaviour

A

Space- Increase
Attraction- Decrease
Movement- Increase
Energy- Increase

92
Q

Liquid to Gas particle behaviour

A

Space- Increase
Attraction- Decrease
Movement- Increase
Energy- Increase

93
Q

Gas to liquid particle behaviour

A

Space- Decrease
Attraction- Increase
Movement- Decrease
Energy- Decrease

94
Q

Liquid to solid particle behaviour

A

Space- Decrease
Attraction- Increase
Movement- Decrease
Energy- Decrease

95
Q

Pure substance

A

1 type of particle

96
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more different types of particles

97
Q

Elements

A

anything on the periodic table

98
Q

Compounds

A

A pure substance that contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio. ( salt, sugar, water, carbon dioxide etc.)

99
Q

Chemical properties: The ability of a substance to react and form a new substance

A

Combustibility
Reactivity with water
Toxicity
Stability

100
Q

What type of galaxy is the milky way

A

Barred Spiral Galaxy

101
Q

What separates the inner and outer planets

A

Between mars and jupiter is an asteroid belt

102
Q

what’s Rotation

A

An object’s spinning around its own axis.

103
Q

what’s Revolution

A

An object is circling around another object.

104
Q

3 Subatomic Particles and their locations

A

Protons (Nucleus)
Neutrons (Nucleus)
Electrons (orbitals around the nucleus)

105
Q

5 Metal properties

A

Solid (except mercury), Shiny, Good Conductor, Malleable and, Ductile

106
Q

5 Non- Metal properties

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Dull (not shiny), Poor conductors (insulators), Brittle (if solid) and, Not ductile

107
Q

Why are atoms neutral

A

Atoms contain the same number of protons and electrons making their overall charge always neutral.

108
Q

who is Democritus

A

The Indivisible Particle

Matter is made up of tiny, indivisible pieces that cannot be broken anymore.

109
Q

who is Dalton

A

The Billiard Ball Model

Atoms are small, indivisible particles.

110
Q

who is Thomson

A

Chocolate Chip Model

Negatively charged electrons are found inside a positive sphere.

111
Q

who is Rutherford

A

The Nuclear Model

Atoms are mostly empty space with a positively charged center.

112
Q

who is Bohr

A

Rutherford- Bohr Model

Electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels.

113
Q

who is Chadwick

A

The planetary model

Nucleus contains neutral particles along with the positively charged particles.

114
Q

what’s Standard Atomic Notation

A

7 Li (mass number on top)
3

115
Q

1 valence electron is…

A

Alkali metal
the most reactive

116
Q

2 valence electrons is..

A

Alkaline Earth metals
slightly less reactive than Alkali

117
Q

7 valence electrons is..

A

Halogens
most reactive non-metal

118
Q

8 valence electrons is..

A

Noble Gases
Unreactive and stable

119
Q

what’s Grounding

A

Connecting an object to the earth’s surface using a conductor

120
Q

Supernova

A

Stars that eventually died creating a massive explosion called supernova

121
Q

what are Reservoirs

A

an area where carbon is stored for long period of time

122
Q

what are Biotic Reservoirs

A

Carbon trapped in the cells of living organisms. (forests, fossil fuels, shells, bones)

123
Q

what are Abiotic Reservoirs

A

Carbon stored in the environment. (Lakes, Rivers, the ocean)

124
Q

Burning fossil fuels

A

releases carbon in that reservoir adding more carbon into the atmosphere

125
Q

Cutting down trees (Deforestation)

A

Any carbon trapped in these trees is then released into the atmosphere.

126
Q

Polluting the air with car emissions

A

air pollution from cars adds more carbon into the atmosphere and this can actually result in acid rain forming.

127
Q

2 complementary processes’ balancing the carbon cycle:

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

128
Q

Why is algal bloom bad for plants

A

Blocks the sun, preventing them from undergoing photosynthesis.

129
Q

Eutrophication

A

Excess nitrogen entering run-off in nearby lakes and ponds.

130
Q

Algal Bloom

A

Layer of algae that grows on the surface of water.

131
Q

Which bean boosts nitrogen content in soil

A

Legumes

132
Q

Three sisters

A

Corn (provide a lattice for beans to grow on), Beans (provide nitrogen to the soil for corn and squash), and Squash (provides moisture to the soil for beans and corn)

133
Q

Why is bacteria the most important part of the nitrogen cycle?

A

Bacterias are necessary for “fixing” the nitrogen so it can be used by plants.

134
Q

7 diatomic elements:

A

hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)

135
Q

how does the nitrogen cycle work

A
  1. nitrogen enters the soil from the atmosphere
    2.moves up into the food chain
  2. the nitrogen is execrated and then goes back into the ground
136
Q

what is 95% of are body’s made up of

A

carbon, hydeogen, oxygen, nitrogen

137
Q

where is carbon found

A

fats, proteins, sugars and DNA

138
Q

how does carbon dioxide go through plants and animals

A

– Plants take in carbon dioxide using the process of photosynthesis
-animals obtain carbon by eating the plants
-when animals exhale carbon dioxide is released from their bodies when they undergo cellular respiration

139
Q

what would happened to the carbon cycle if all the decomposers stopped doing their jobs

A

Decomposers return carbon dioxide into the Earth without decomposers plants can’t grow

140
Q

what are some ways humans can decrease the amount of co2 entering the atmosphere

A

-walk more
-take bus
-electric cars
-plant trees

141
Q

what is green carbon

A

the naturally occurring carbon in are atmosphere

142
Q

what is fossil carbon

A

the added carbon from burning fossil fules

143
Q

what are the 3 main isotopes

A

c-12, c-13, c-14

144
Q

type of meterial for resistance

A

the poorer the conductor the greater the resistance

145
Q

cross - sectional area resistance

A

the thiner the wire, the greater the resistance

146
Q

wire length resistance

A

the longer the wire, the greater the resistance

147
Q

temperature resistance

A

the higher the temperature, the greater the resistance

Dyllan's decks for studying (23 decks)

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