history unit 1 test Flashcards
Indirect causes of the war
Militarism (getting body guards competing to have the most weapons ships etc )
Alliances (Two gangs forming their allenices spreed war)
Nationalism (“I think i’m better than you”)
Imperialism (Wanting the most land)
Direct causes of the war
Assassination =The chief of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was killed by a Serbian terrorist group called the black hand in 1914. This caused the Austrian government to prepare to go to war with serbia
why were trenches built
to get away from machine guns and they were also used to try and protect soldiers from poisonous gas, giving them more time to put on gas masks
why were dugouts built in the trenches
for soliders to rest and hide
what was living in the trenches like
-always cold
-always wet and muddy
-lack of sleep
-worrying about dying all the time
-trench foot
changing technology in ww1 (begining)
- machine guns - shoots up to 500-600 bullets per minute
2.Chemical weapons- first used by Germans and there are 3 different types of chemical weapons (chlorine, mustard, phosgene
- big bertha- biggest artillery known shoot 120 km distances
Canadian battles in order
- Battle of Ypres 1915
- Battle of somme 1616
- Battle of vimy ridge 1617
- Battle of passchendaele 1617
- canadas hundread days 1918
what is the battle of ypres
The allies (france, britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, Usa, Canada gained possession of ypres after the battle
-Canadian soldiers gained international recognition for their courage
-The Canadians launched a determined defence and prevented a German breakthrough.
-The tactics used in the Battle of Ypres included static trench warfare, military barbed wire wired with explosives, poison gas attacks, extensive shelling, and fire from machine guns.
what is the battle of somme knowns as
known as the bloodiest battle
how did the battle of somme being
the battle began with a massive attack from thousands of British and French troops. When they climbed out of their trenches onto no man’s land, the enemies were well protected by machine guns, sniper and artillery
what happen in the battle of vimy ridge
German forces took control of the ridge in 1914 and built defenses protected with trenches, machine guns, and bunkers. Canadian troops had captured the German frontline within 30 minutes of the Easter morning attack.
why did the battle of vimy ridge give canada so much recognition
This gave Canada more recognition, as they had managed to do something both Britain and France were unable to do.
what is the battle of passchendale also known as
the third battle of Ypres
Who was the commander of the British army?
Sir Douglas Haig
canadian facts about the battle of passchendale
The landscape and village of Passchendaele were completely destroyed
The Canadian troops joined the battle on October 26, 1917
9 Canadian troops earned the Victoria Cross (Highest award for military valour that a Canadian could earn)
why was flying an airplane in ww1 so dangerous
most people would have around 3 hours of training before flying, there weren’t parachutes, open cockpits and major sunburns.
what was the average carrer for a pilot in ww1
3 weeks
What’s an air ace
An air ace is someone who shot down more than 5 planes.
who is the most famous air ace and why
The red baron was the most famous air ace; he shot down 80 planes.
War in the sea: When the war started how many ships were there?
The Canadian Navy only had 2 ships.
What was Canada’s navy known as in ww1
tin-pot navy
what type of supplies did ships bring
food, weapons and soldiers
What is the significance of the sinking of the Luisitania?
Many Americans were on board when the Germans decided to sink the Luisitanian, this caused Americans to join the war a year before it ended.
what was the last 100 days
In 1918 the hundred days was a series of attacks on canadians.
what is armistice?
the ceasefire that ended the war
where was the treaty of versailles signed
in the paris peace conference 1919
what did PM Robert borden demand during the treaty of versailles
that canada represents itself instead of britain
who did most of the talking during the treaty if versailles.
Britain, france, Usa
when was the treaty of versailles signed
june 28th 1919
Why was Halifax a very important port during WW1?
Halifax served as an important destination for traveling ships to deliver things like cargo.
what was the treaty of versailles
-The world blamed Germany for starting the war
-Germany must accept full responsibility for the war
-All german businesses in other countries was taken away and given away
-Germany had to give the land they took from france back
What precautions were taken in the building of the Mont Blanc?
There was no smoking, no drinking and copper nails were used because they won’t generate a spark.
What were some mistakes made by the Imo?
The Imo came on the wrong side of the harbor.
how did the halifax explosion happen?
SS mont blanc and ss Lmo collided in the halifax harbor, causing a massive explosion
How many people died in the halifax explosion
2,000
what was victory bonds?
victory bonds were what the public purchased to support the war
Taxes in the homefront
Luxury goods were taxed because they were in high demanded since they were used frequently
What is propaganda?
biased/fake information used to persuade someone
what was the female suffrage
the right for females to vote
What did Rodmond Roblin argue during the female suffrage?
Rodmond Roblin argued that giving women the right to vote would break up homes because wives and mothers would become too independent. He also argued that “nice women” wouldn’t even want to vote
where were women first given suffrage
manitoba
Did the spanish flu come from spain?
nope
How did the Spanish flu spread?
Troops were getting ready to travel and they spread the disease
What were the symptoms of the Spanish flu?
fever, aches, sore throat, and headache, hemorrhaging in their lunges and drowning in their own fluids
Why did some regions do better with the Spanish flu than others?
Some places did early social distancing and closed schoolers before others.
what law did Prime Minister Robert Borden pass
He passed a law that allowed women over the age of 21 who were the wife, mother, sister or daughter of a man serving to vote. He also promised to give the vote to even more women if his party was re-elected
why did people like Sam Hughes
-He recruited thousands of volunteers and raised thousands of dollars
- People favored Sam because they believed that he had contributed to Canada for the better.
How many people entered the battle because of Sam’s leadership?
200,000
What was said about Sam Huges in the Montreal Matin article?
and why did people not like him
People were celebrating sam hughes getting fired because they believed that he was incompetent and divided the country
-people believed that sam hughes discriminated against french people and only cared about english and britain people.
what did sam Huges do that was unfair to french people
all recruitment posters, training and instruction manuals were in english which was unfair to french people.
why was 1917 a significant year
1.Russia leave the war
2.USA joins the war
3.Halifax Explosion
4. Conscription Crisis
who was involved in the Winnipeg general strike
Canadian workers, working class immigrants, returning soldiers
What was the Winnipeg general strike?
30,000 workers left their jobs because they were not getting paid enough
when did the Winnipeg genreal strike happen
1919
new 4 technology’s in the 1920s
-The Automobile Most common car was the mass-produced Model T ford because of its low price and cheap maintenance automobiles helped people get around faster,
-The radio Dance parties, listen to the president Brought families together to listen to the latest news, sports, music or drama
The telephone- First one came out in 1924, At the beginning of the decade, only 25% of Canadian homes had telephones. By the end of the decade, about 75% of Canadian homes had telephones It created new jobs for people
-Household appliances Early refrigerators were commonly made of metal or wood, being heavily insulated to maintain cold temperatures, In the late 1920s the electric washing machine began to emerge, refrigerators allowed families to store perishable foods for longer periods and washing machines reduce the labor-intensive process of washing clothes by hand
-Motion Pictures Comedy was the most popular type of movie during the era of silent films and created a wide range of jobs from actors to directors to crewmembers and support staff
Who was Emily Murphy?
Emily Murphy became the first female federal Canadian judge
Who were the famous five?
Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Irene Parlby and Louise McKinney
advocates for womens rights
What was the Persons Case?
The protest for women to be able to sit in the senate of canada. In 1928, the supreme court of canada ruled that women were not “persons” according to the British North America Act.
what was Prohibition
banning the production, distribution and consumption of alcohol
advantages of the prohibition
no public drunkenness, no abuse, no more neglecting responsibilities
disadvantages of the prohibition
less fun when going out
what is bootlegging
illegally selling something
what is a speakeasy
secretive, passwords/secret knocks, lively, loud parties
what is ethnocentrism?
the belief that your culture is better than another
What is assimilation?
Becoming a part of a new culture and taking part in their values and beliefs
what was residential schools?
residential schools were mandatory for every indigenous child from ages 5-15 they were often hidden from the public and they were used to “civilize” and educate indigenous children to become catholic.
7 Rules and punishments of residential schools
-No speaking your own language
-no wearing your own clothes
-abuse (emotional and sexual)
-burning
-beating
-electric shock
-lack of medical attention
What did the students learn in residential schools
-cleanliness
-respect and honesty
-christian religion classes
during 1919-1931 how many immigrants arrived in Canada?
1.2 million
what is the League of Nations
It was created after ww1 to help create international world peace
what were Internment camps
where they put enemy aliens
Enemy alines- many Canadians were unfriendly towards immigrants. This caused them to target these groups of people specifically
what is the schlieffen plan
Germany wanted to attack France so they didn’t have war on two fronts. The germans knew that France had a plan put in place if germany attacked, so germany went around the french forces through belgium. But going through belgium brought britin into the war. Germany got held up in belgium by the british long enough so France can move it’s troops to defend the german attack.
Soldiers return home from war (what did they experience?)
-canada has a lot of rebuilding to do
-lost many soldiers
-cost of the war
-spanish flu
-Canada spent a lot of money on the war and is now in debt
-increased inflation
-Having fought the war to make the world better, only to find out that the economy changes weren’t livable
Describe Canada’s steps towards autonomy/independence?
Canada left britain’s rule and became independent
Racism and Immigration
-in 1928 immigrants from japan were limited to 150 per year
-only 15 immigrants from China were allowed into canada between 1923 and 1947
what does kkk stand for and where did it start
The kkk stands for the Ku Klux Klan. They are a dominant white group that started in USA
who did the kkk target
The KKK targeted people of african-american heritage, jews, france canadians, asians and all foreigners everywhere else
