HISTORY EXAM Flashcards
What are the Indirect causes of world war I
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
what is Militarism
“Arms Race” = competing to have more weapons ships etc
Militarism in World War I meant countries built up strong armies and were ready to use them in conflict which created tension
what is Alliances
The alliances made it more likely that a war would start. As well alliances made it more likely for the war to spread
what is Nationalism
“I think i’m better than you” Nationalism led to strong rivalry between the major powers
What is Imperialism
Wanting the most land All the great powers were competing for colonies and territory
what was the Direct cause of world war 1 and what happened
Assassination = The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was killed by a Serbian terrorist in 1914. This caused the Austrian government to prepare to go to war with serbia.
Why were trenches built
Trenches were built for purpose to get away from machine guns
Trenches were also used to try and protect soldiers from poisonous gas, giving them more time to put on gas masks
Why were dug outs built in the trenches
Dugouts were built for soldiers to rest and hide
Living conditions in the trenches
-lack of sleep
-lack of food
-always being worried about dying
-trench foot (caused from always being wet and cold)
What are machine guns first used when
first used in the american civil war
shoots 500-600 bullets per minute
Chemical weapons first used by who and what are the 3 types
first used by Germans
3 types- chlorine, mustard, phosgene
what is big bertha
biggest artillery known shoot 120 km distances
killed hundreds and thousands of people
Why was flying a plan so dangerous
3 hours of training
No parachutes
Sun burns
Open cockpit
What’s an air ace and whos the most famous one
An air ace is someone who shot down more than 5 planes. The red baron was the most famous air ace; he shot down 80 planes.
When world war 1 started how many ships did canada have
2 ships
What was Canada’s navy called and why
Canada’s navy was called tin-pot navy because it was small and not very powerful compared to other nations
Why was the sea so important what did the ships bring
food, weapons and soldiers
What is the significance of the sinking of the Luisitania?
Many Americans were on board when the Germans decided to sink the Luisitanian, this caused Americans to join the war a year before it ended.
What is the armistice
the ceasefire that ended the war on November 11th 1918
what was the Treaty of versailles
When the world blamed germany for starting world war 1 and the treaty was their reproductions to fix the damage they caused
-Germany must accept full responsibility for the war
-All german businesses in other countries was taken away and given away
-Germany had to give the land they took from france back
where was the treaty of versailles signed
paris peace conference 1919
During the treaty of versailles peace conference who did most of the talking and what did Canada damade
PM Robert borden demands that canada represents itself instead of britain
who did most of the talking - Britain, france, Usa
What is the League of Nations
It was created after ww1 to help create international world peace
What is Canada’s last 100 days
In 1918 the hundred days was a series of attacks on canadians.
Why was Halifax a very important port during WW1
Halifax served as an important destination for traveling ships to deliver things like cargo.
hat precautions were taken in the building of the Mont Blanc?
There was no smoking, no drinking and copper nails were used because they won’t generate a spark.
What were some mistakes made by the Imo?
The Imo came on the wrong side of the harbor.
how did the explosion happen?
SS mont blanc and ss Lmo collided in the halifax harbor, causing a massive explosion
what was victory bonds?
victory bonds were what the public purchased to support the war
Taxes in the homefront
Luxury goods had taxes placed on them because they were in high demand
What is propaganda?
biased/fake information used to persuade someone
what is Female suffrage
suffrage is the right for women to vote
where were women first given suffrage
manitoba
Internment camps
Many Canadians were unfriendly towards asian immigrants and put them in concentration camp thinking they were spies.
Did the spanish flu come from spain
no
How did the Spanish flu spread?
Troops were getting ready to travel after the war and they spread the disease
What were the symptoms of the Spanish flu?
fever, aches, sore throat, and headache, hemorrhaging in their lunges and drowning in their own fluids
Why did some regions do better with the Spanish flu than others?
Some places did early social distancing and closed schoolers before others.
why is 1917 a significant year
1.Russia leave the war and become Communist
2.USA joins the war
3.Halifax Explosion
4.Conscription Crisis
Prime Minister Robert Borden what did he promise if you voted for him
he granted suffrage to people who were likely to vote for his government. He passed a law that allowed women over the age of 21 who were the wife, mother, sister or daughter of a man serving to vote. He also promised to give the vote to even more women if his party was re-elected
Who is Sam Huges
Sam Hughes was considered a great and competent minister, who had recruited thousands of volunteers and raised thousands of dollars, and that the people are upset that he is stepping down
Why did people from Montreal hate sam Huges
Recruitment posters, training, and instruction manuals were all in english, as well as promotions, which was unfair to the French people
Canadian battles order World war one
battle of Ypres in 1915,
Battle of somme in 1916,
battle of Vimy ridge 1917,
Battle of passchendaele in 1917
Why is the battle of ypres significant
-first battle that used poisonous gases
-brutal trench warfare causing many deaths
Why is the battle of ypres significant too canada
First battle that involved canadian troops
who was involved in the battle of ypres
The Battle of Ypres involved Allied forces (mainly British, French, and Canadian troops) fighting against the German Empire.
Why is the battle of somme significant
-Known as the bloodiest battle
-The first use of the tank in warfare
Why is the battle of somme significant to canada
The Battle of the Somme is important to Canada because Canadian soldiers showed great bravery and skill
who was involved in the battle of somme
The Battle of the Somme involved Allied forces (mainly British and French troops) fighting against the German Empire.
Why is the battle of Vimy ridge significant
The Battle of Vimy Ridge is significant because it marked a major Canadian victory, where Canadian troops captured the ridge from the Germans.
Why is the battle of Vimy ridge significant to canada
-Helped gain independence in canada
-major victory for Canadian troops, who fought together as a unified force
who was involved in the battle of Vimy Ridge
The Battle of Vimy Ridge involved Canadian forces, who fought against the German Empire.
Why is the battle of passchendaele significant
The Battle of Passchendaele is significant because it showed the extreme horrors of World War I, with heavy rain, mud, and many casualties.
Why is the battle of passchendaele significant to canada
Canadian troops played an important role in capturing the village, despite the tough conditions.
who was involved in the battle of passchendaele
Allied forces fighting against Germany
once everyone returned home after world war I what are issues they faced
-canada has a lot of rebuilding to do
-lost many soldiers
-cost of the war
-spanish flu
-Canada spent a lot of money on the war and is now in debt
-increased inflation
-economic changes weren’t livable
Who was involved In the Winnipeg general Strike?
Canadian workers, working class immigrants, returning soldiers
What was the Winnipeg general strike?
30,000 workers left their jobs causing a strike
When did the Winnipeg general strike happen?
1919
Why did the Winnipeg strike happen?
They wanted the right to collective bargaining, better wages and better working condition
The Automobile- what was the most common car and what was it used for
Most common car was the mass-produced Model T ford because of its low price and cheap maintenance automobiles helped people get around faster
The radio - what was it used for
Dance parties, listen to the president Brought families together to listen to the latest news, sports, music or drama
Fashion in the 1920s
For women, the “flapper” look became popular, with shorter skirts, bobbed hair, and loose, straight dresses
Who was Emily Murphy?
Emily Murphy became the first female federal Canadian judge
Who were the famous five?
Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Irene Parlby and Louise McKinney
What was the Persons Case?
The protest for women to be able to sit in the senate of canada and be considered “persons” under the canadian law
what is Prohibition
banning the production, distribution and consumption of alcohol
advantages of the prohibition
no public drunkenness, no abuse, no more neglecting responsibilities
disavantages of prohibition
less fun when going out
-people who drink responsibly now aren’t able to enjoy
-Increased illegal trade
what is bootlegging
illegally selling something
what is a speakeasy
secretive, passwords/secret knocks, lively, loud parties
What were residential schools?
residential schools were mandatory for every indigenous child from ages 5-15 they were often hidden from the public and they were used to “civilize” and educate indigenous children to become catholic.
what is Ethnocentrism
the belief that your culture is better than another
what is assimilation
Becoming a part of a new culture and taking part in their values and beliefs
Rules and punishments of residential schools
-No speaking your own language
-no wearing your own clothes
-abuse (emotional and sexual)
-burning
-beating
-electric shock
-lack of medical attention
What did the students learn in residential schools
-cleanliness
-respect and honesty
-christian religion classes
What is the significance of the Halifax Explosion?
Brought the horrors of war to Canadian soil
the weapon that DID NOT have the greatest influence on World War One was
Atomic Bomb because it wasn’t around in world war one
Which Group opposed Conscription?
French Canadians, Farmers, Pacifists
A convoy is
A naval strategy to protect ships
What is the chanak affair
After world war one Turkey and Greece went to war, Britain called on Canada to send soldiers but Canada refused wanting to not have to do what Britain does.
What is the Halibut treaty
After the chanak affair canada signed a fishing treaty with the USA, it was the first time Canada had signed its own treaty which sent a clear message to Britain about canada’s desire for autonomy
What is The King-Byng Crisis
When king decided to call an election but needed permission from the representative of the British government named byng, byng refused and king was upset
What is The Balfour Report
A report saying Britain and Canada should be equal
What is The Statute of Westminster
British Parliament passed the Statute of Westminster which made the Balfour Report official and made britain and canada equal
What is commonwealth of nations
Canada becomes apart of Britain’s commonwealth
Direct cause of the great depression
On october 29th 1929 the stock market crashed (black tuesday known as the day stock market crashed) was the cause of the great depression
What does ccf stand for?
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
Who was the party leader of CCF?
J.S. Woodsworth
Goals of ccf
If they came to power they promised they would
* public ownership of banks, public
utilities, transportation companies,
and other major industries
* improved health and social services
Party leader of Union Nationale?
Maurice Dupressis
Goals of Union Nationale
He promised to defend the French language and religion
Party leader of Social credit
William Aberhart
Goals of Social Credit
Prices would be controlled so no inflation
Who created relief camps
Bennet created relief camps
What was the New Deal? What did it include?
Bennet’s new deal was aimed to help people without jobs, improve social support, and fix the economy. Key parts included unemployment insurance and a minimum wage.
What are Bennett buggies
A Bennett Buggy was a horse-drawn car used during the Great Depression in Canada. People couldn’t afford gas for their cars, so they removed the engines and attached horses to the vehicles to save money. It was named after Prime Minister R.B. Bennett.
what are Relief camps
Relief camps were work camps established by the Canadian government during the Great Depression to provide jobs for single, unemployed men However, conditions were harsh, with low wages (around $0.20/day), long hours, and poor living condition
what was the On to Ottawa trek
The on-to-ottawa trek was when a group of men Attempted to go to ottawa to talk to bennett because they wanted to be treated like citizens and not tranzines
what was the Regina riot
Bennett was determined to stop the On-to-Ottawa Trek protestors. On June 14, he ordered the police to halt the trains at Regina. He invited Trek leaders to Ottawa hoping to stop the riot
Farmers during world war two
Since there was serve droughts are dust bowls farmers suffered since there crops couldn’t grow they couldn’t sell and make money
what is the Nazi Party
A political group led by Adolf Hitler that ruled Germany. It promoted extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism.
what is Fascism
- Ruled by one person or small group of people
-People can’t question a dictator’s rule.
disavantages to Fascism
-No alternative views are accepted
-Brutal violence against those who disagree
-not much freedom
what is Appeasement
when countries try to avoid war by giving in to the demands of an aggressive leader or nation.
Reasons why countries (Britain and France) gave into Hitler?
Avoid war
Treaty of Versailles was too harsh
Helping Germany would help stop the spread of Communism
Britain and France still in bad shape from the Great depression, not ready for another war
Failure of league of nations
Germany’s military expansion
Italy invaded ethiopia
Japan invaded china
The Non-aggression pact why was it made?
To divide poland against the germans and russians so that they don’t fight each other
Who made the non-aggression pact
Hitler and stalin
why was the non-aggression pact broken
because hitler went against the pact and attacked russia
what did breaking the non-agression pact lead too
- Battle between germany and russia
Rise of Hitler
-Hitler goes to jail in for 9 months
-he tried to overthrow the government
-he failed and went back to jail
-While in prison he writes Mein Kamp
-By the early 1920s he becomes the leader the the NAZI party
-By 1933 the Nazi’s win the election and Hitler becomes Chancellor (PM)
-shortly after he becomes Chancellor he burns down the Reichstag blames it on the Communists
-Htler declares himself dictator (Der Fuhrer) leader
-1935 Nuremberg Race Laws
the reichstag fire
The reichstag building burnt down
A communist was found inside the building and admitted responsibility
Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the communists were trying to take power by terrorism
He was able to have the communists banned from the reichstag
What did the enabling act give Hitler the power to do?
The enabling act gave Hitler power to make his own laws, so he banned all other political parties.
what are Hitler’s 3 aims
Aim # 1- tear up treaty of versailles
Aim #2 - expand germany territory
Aim #3 defeat communism and end the jewish population
what are the Steps to war in world war two
Treaty of Versailles (1919):
2. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes (1920s-1930s):
3. The Policy of Appeasement (1930s):
4. German Expansion and the Non-Aggression Pact (1939):
5. Invasion of Poland (September 1, 1939):
who are the Axis powers?
Germany
Japan
Italy
who are the Allies
Britain
France
Russia
Why is the Battle of Britain important
The Battle of Britain was important because it was the first big defeat for Germany in World War II. Germany tried to bomb Britain into surrendering, but Britain’s air force fought back and won. This stopped Germany from invading Britain and gave hope to the Allies.
Why was the battle of Britain significant to Canada in world war two?
The Battle of Britain was significant to Canada because over 100 Canadian pilots fought alongside the Royal Air Force, helping defend Britain and showing Canada’s commitment to the Allies.
Why is the battle of Russia important?
Hitler broke his pact with the Soviet Union and invaded, wanting to destroy communism and take control of Russia, the German army was stuck, exhausted from the long march and brutal winter. So the Soviet Union launched a counterattack, and for the next two years, the Soviets and Germans fought.
Why is the battle of Russia significant to canada?
Canada helped russia during this battle by sending supplies and military weapons
Why is the battle of pearl harbour important?
It led the USA to join the war. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked a U.S. naval base in Hawaii, killing over 2,400 people and damaging ships. This caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan and enter the war.
Why is the battle of pearl harbour significant to canada?
The Battle of Pearl Harbor is significant to Canada because, after the attack, Canada declared war on Japan, joining the United States and other Allies in the Pacific War
Why is the battle of Hong Kong important?
Canadian soldiers were sent to Hong Kong to strengthen colonies against japan, The british colony was strategically important to hong kong because of their proximity to china
Why is the battle of Dieppe important?
The germans new the allies were planning an attack and the mission failed and the allies lost, the battle lasted over 9 hours
Why is the battle of Dieppe significant to canada?
About 900 canadians lost their lives while 1000 were captured, the first major battle for canadians on the western front was disaster
Why is the battle of Ortona important?
First battle with urban warfare, Used a technique called mouseholding which is when soldiers would clear buildings by moving through rooms slowly and carefully, while one soldier held the door open (or “mousehole”) and another tossed grenades into rooms before entering. This battle successfully drove Germans out of Ortona
Why is the battle of D-Day important?
D-Day, also known as the Normandy Invasion, marked the start of the end of the nazi party On June 6, 1944, Allied forces, including many Canadians, launched an invasion on the beaches of Normandy, France. It made Germany fight on two sides and helped free Western Europe, which led to the defeat of the Nazis.
Why is the battle of the Netherlands important?
The Battle of the Netherlands is important because it helped free the country from German control during World War II. In 1944 and 1945, Canadian soldiers played a big part in fighting the Germans and helping to liberate the Netherlands.
What is the date that Germany Surrendered?
May 8th 1945 which is known as VE day
what is The Nanking Massacre
The Nanking Massacre also called the rape of Najing (December 1937–January 1938) was when Japanese soldiers killed and raped thousands of Chinese civilians and soldiers after capturing Nanking, China. Estimates of the number of people killed range from 100,000 to over 300,000.
what are Prisoners of war in Germany and Japan
Germany’s prisoners had medical experiments conducted on them, sent them to labor camps, starved, worked to death, and jews were killed.
Japanese prisoners were brutally tortured. They were subjects to starvation, forced labor, and execution.
what is Japanese Internment
The attack on Pearl Harbor led the Canadian government to fear the Japanese. They believed the Japanese would work together to attack canada. The conditions and consequences of Japanese internment in Canada: No room to sleep, low pay, starvation
What is Rationing?
Rationing in ww2 is when people would save and limit buying things like food because it’s unaffordable
Who is C.D Howe?
C.D. Howe, as Canada’s Minister of Munitions and Supply during WWII, had strong control over the economy. He told businesses what to make, how much to make, and how fast, to ensure Canada produced the supplies needed for the war.
What is BCATP?
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan which is Canada’s major contribution to the war and they trained in canada because it was far from the German army
What are the war measures act?
a law passed by the canadian government that said the government was allowed to protect the country during war, arrest people without trial, control trade, and limit people’s rights
Who was William Lyon Mackenzie
Longest serving Prime Minister in Canada during ww2
The Holocaust (stages and final solution)
-The murder of Jews and other people labeled inferior in Nazi Germany.
-The death of 6 Million jews
-1933-1945
-Jews were shot, starved, tortured, and burned
-Anti-semitism
-Stages of isolation
-Stripping of rights
What is the Manhattan project?
“Manhattan Project” became the code name for research work done on the atomic bomb
What was the nickname of the atomic bomb dropped on hiroshima:
the atomic bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” was dropped on Hiroshima
What was the nickname of the atomic bomb on nagasaki
a bomb called “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki
What is VJ day and when was it
August 15, 1945 – Japan officially surrendered (VJ Day)
The Second World War is officially over
Who are the Big 5
US, Britain, France, USSR, and China are part of the security council and receive veto power
What is the United Nations
Purpose to provide a place where nations can settle their differences without a war.
Who are the world super powers
US & USSR
Why were US and USSR known as the world super power
Were not significantly damaged by the war
Had a large amount of natural resources
Had the nuclear bomb (Russia exploded its first in 1949)
Had a lot of national wealth
Have very strong armies
How is conflict expressed during The Cold War?
-Proxy wars
-The use of spies (espionage)
-propaganda
What is The Cold war?
-Non- Military war between countries
-Started after WW11 and involved the Western Powers V.S. the Soviet Union
was canada a middle power
yes
When was NATO created?
1949
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What is NATO?
A group of countries that teamed up to protect each other during the cold war and from the Soviet Union.
what is Warsaw pact
Reaction to NATO – Soviet Union interested in protecting itself from another invasion from the West.
Soviet Union fear of U.S. expansion.
Soviet satellite countries agree to defend each other if any member nation attacked.
Why is 1949 “A significant year”
1.soviet union gets atomic bomb
2.china becomes communist
3.NATO is created
4. Warsaw pact was created
Who was involved in the Korean war?
North korea, south korea, soviet union, USA, canada
When was the Cuban missile crisis?
1959
What happened in the Cuban missile crisis?
Russia put there nuclear missiles in cuba and cuba started threatening america with the nuclear weapons
What deal was made during the Cuban missile crisis?
The soviet union agreed to remove their missiles from cuba in exchange for the US removing missiles from Turkey and saying they won’t invade cuba.
Order of proxy wars
- Korean war
- suez crisis
3.Cuban missile crisis - Viteman war
What is the Quiet Revolution
The quiet revolution was a time of rapid change in Quebec during the 1960’s.
People in Quebec didn’t want to be ruled by English leaders anymore.
It was called “quiet” because it was mostly peaceful, with no major violence.
what is Trudeaumania
Trudeaumania was the excitement and attention around Pierre Trudeau when he became Prime Minister in 1968. People, especially younger Canadians, loved him for his charm, energy, and new ideas.
what is the Official Languages act
- the Trudeau Government passed this act that declared:
The English and French Languages are the official languages of Canada to have more equality in canada.
-The act guaranteed that both French and English Canadians could deal with the Federal Government in their own language
-All documents, reports, and services of the Federal Government had to be available in both languages
What is bill 22
Liberal government introduced Bill 22, making French the official language for government jobs in Quebec. The bill also restricted the rights of immigrant parents to choose the language in which their children could be educated.
what is bill 101
took Bourassa’s Bill 22 one step further by placing more restrictions on the use of languages other than French in Quebec
English speaking business owners were now forced to operate in French, and more jobs for French speaking Quebeckers were created
Education in the French language became compulsory for all immigrants, even including those from other Canadian provinces
what is bill 96
An Act respecting French, the official and common language of Québec. Bill 96 is a law passed in 2021 that makes French the main language in Quebec, requiring it to be used more in schools, businesses, and government services, while limiting the use of English
what is Rise of the Parti-Quebecois
Led by Rene Levesque, the PQ beats Bourassa’s Liberals and wins a majority government in Quebec
For the first time ever, Quebeckers had a government dedicated to establishing an independent Quebec, and the separatist movement now had legitimate political power
For the first time since confederation (1867), Canada now faced a legitimate possibility of losing one of its largest provinces
who is Rene Levesque
Levesque was a strong and inspiring leader who talked a lot about Quebec’s rights and how French Canadians had been treated unfairly. He became a hero to a new generation who wanted to be called Quebecois, not French Canadians. Unlike the FLQ and other extreme separatists, Levesque wanted Quebec to gain independence in a peaceful and democratic way.
what are Three important changes in Canada’s new Constitution Act 1982
Canada now had the power to amend (change) the constitution they didn’t need permission from Britain Anymore
Changes could be made if the Federal Government and 7 provinces d
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was added
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms- what are some rights and why was it created
Trudeau felt that the only way to guarantee that the rights of Canadians would be protected was by formally writing them into the constitution
Some of the rights that would transform Canadian
society included:
Fundamental freedoms
Legal rights
Equality rights
Language rights
Aboriginal rights
what are Aboriginal rights
This includes important traditions like hunting, fishing, land use, and self-government for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people. The government must talk to and consider Indigenous peoples’ rights if anything might affect them, showing respect and working toward reconciliation.
when is referendum day
May 20, 1980; referendum day
Whats a referendum
A democratic vote in which a group of people are asked to accept or reject a particular proposal
what does FLQ stand for
Front de libération du Québec
What is FLQ
The FLQ (Front de libération du Québec) was a violent separatist group in the 1960s and 70s, fighting for Quebec’s independence. Their most famous act was the October Crisis of 1970, when they kidnapped two men, leading to the War Measures Act.
Korean War what happened?
After ww2 korea was divided to north and south June 1950 100000 North korean troops armed with soviet union weapons invaded south korea
What was Canada’s role in the Korean war?
-sent three navy destroyers
-air transport
-ground troops
-22000 canadians help fought
How was the Korean war a threat to Canada and the world?
It was the threat to the world as communism was on the rise and no one wanted their side to win because then a whole country would be under communist control
Who was involved in the Suez crisis?
African nations, egypt, europe and asia
What happen is the suez crisis?
In 1956, Egyptian President Nasser took control of the Suez Canal, which was run by Britain and France. These countries saw it as a threat because the canal was important for trading goods in Asia. They wanted to take back control of it
What was Canada’s role in the Suez crisis?
The prime minister at the time stepped forward and suggested creating a united nation emergency force in the suez to keep things at peace
Who was involved in the Vietnam war?
north vietnam, south vietnam, US, soviet union
What happened in the Vietnam war?
North Vietnam wanted to bring the whole country together under Communism. South Vietnam wanted to stop this, this caused conflict.
Result of the conflict in the vietnam war?
-communism won
-vietnam is now under communist government
St. Laurent what party was he under and what year
Liberal party
1948-1956
St. Laurent accomplishments
-The first French Canadian to be in office.
-Trans-canada highway
-The st. lawrence seaway
-Canada council to support the arts
-Expanded social welfare programs
-An early form of medicare/hospital insurance
-Helped develop NATO
-Prime Minister Newflound joined Canada as the tenth province in 1949
Why was the St. Lawrence Seaway an important?
Brought Canadian and American economic relations closer together
Diefenbaker what party was he under and what year
PC Party
1957-1963
ddiefenbaker accomplishments
Passed the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960
-Appointed the first female cabinet member
-Gave First Nations and Inuit peoples the right to vote
-Cancelled the Avro Arrow program
-Helped remove South Africa from the commonwealth of nations for their policy of apartheid
-Raised old-age pensions
-Appointed an aboriginal person to the senate
pearson what party was he under and what year
Liberal party
1963-1968
pearson accomplishments
In 1966 there was a Canada Pension Plan for seniors
-Canada Assistance Plan
-Medicare was the most important new federal social program. This meant that the federal government and each province shared the costs of a medical plan that would pay all medical for people in the province
-He set up the royal commision on bilingualism to make French and English Canadians equal parties in canada.
-In 1968, medicare freed Canadians from expensive medical bills.
who cancelled the avro arrow
Prime minister John Diefenbaker
what is Royal commission on bilingualism and biculturalism
The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, established in 1963, aimed to address tensions between English and French Canadians.
whats the schlieffen plan?
a german attack plan in which germany would attack france by going through Belgium. the plan failed when france knew germany was coming so they set up troopes at the belgium and french border. The germans were unable to attack. this led to trenches being build and this land turned into No Mans Land.
What happened in the oka crisis?
In 1990s there was a standoff between the canadian government and the mohawks aboriginal people over a plan to expand their territory into a golf course but the aboriginal didn’t want their land to be taken.
The outcome of the oka crisis?
The Canadian government withdrew its planes and the aboriginals got to keep its land. This crisis showed the need for better relationships between indigenous people and the government
What happened in the high arctic relocation?
In 1953, the Canadian government moved several inuit families from their homes to the high arctic. The government said it was to “secure” canadian territory during the cold war, the inuit families were not consulted about the move. The government promised better f\living conditions for the inuits but that wasn’t the case.
What was the outcome of the high arctic relocation?
In the 80s and 90s the Canadian government acknowledged the troubles caused by the relocation and reconciled with the inuit people.
What happened in the James Bay project phase 2?
The project was a plan to build more dams and power stations in Quebec to generate electricity. The project impacted cree and inuit communities as it flooded large areas of land that were important for hunting and fishing.
Outcome of James Bay project phase 2?
The Cree and inuit people reached an agreement with the Quebec government. The agreement was to give back to them for what they lost and recognized indigenous land rights and set terms for future developments. The Quebec government continued on with the project despite the agreement.
What happened in ipperwash?
The crisis began over land that the first nations claimed was taken from them during world war two by the government, but it was never properly returned after the war.
The outcome of ipperwash?
During a violent confrontation a police was killed, and in 2007 the ontario government apologized for the death of the police officer and negotiations for land return continued.
The Automobile The cold war Description
-Life in the suburbs was made possible by the automobile and paved roads
-In 1949, Canada had only sixteen thousand kilometres of paved roads
-But the car was more than a means of transportation, with Canadians falling in love with the “chrome boats” being churned out by Ford and General Motors
-Car ownership became widespread
The Automobile The cold war signifcance
In 1949, the demand for more roads from car owners and the work on the Trans-Canada Highway showed how important cars had become. In the 1950s and 1960s, Ontario started building and expanding highways, which became the main way people traveled across Canada, replacing railways. This change had a big impact on the Canadian economy, helping industries like manufacturing and oil grow.
Suburbia and “Urban Sprawl” the cold war description
After the war, the baby boom created a huge demand for homes as Canadians wanted to raise their families. To meet this demand, over 1.1 million new homes were built in planned neighborhoods, replacing farms and pastures with suburban communities.
Suburbia and “Urban Sprawl” The cold war signifcance
in the 1950s, suburbia marked the start of “urban sprawl”, Spacious homes in the suburbs became the dream for families with children, offering an ideal place to raise there kids after the hardship of the great depression and WWII
Teenager and Counter-Culture the cold war description
In the 1950s, the children born after WWII, who were now teenagers, embraced Rock N Roll and developed a different outlook on life from their parents, creating a “generation gap.” This led to the rise of hippies, who protested against the government, big businesses, and the police, believing strongly in peace and being anti-war.
Teenager and Counter-Culture the cold war signifcance
In the 1950s, people started to recognize that teenagers were different from both children and adults, marking a shift in generations. Teenagers questioned old traditions, embraced new cultures, and got involved in social movements
‘Good Housewife’ the cold war description
After the war, traditional views about women’s roles as wives and mothers became stronger, with the government encouraging them to stay at home by shutting down daycare centers. By 1960, many women started questioning why their needs were always second to their family’s, as they were expected to take care of everything at home.
“good housewife” the cold war signifcance
In the 1960s, the womens liberation movement push for changes like, equal pay, paid maternity leave and removing job berriers for women.
Population Boom (Immigration and Baby Boom) description
Between 1945 and 1957, nearly 1.5 million people immigrated to Canada, This wave of immigration happened alongside the baby boom, with the average family having three to four children.
Population Boom (Immigration and Baby Boom) the cold war signifcance
The baby boom led to the growth of the suburbs, as 1.5 million more babies were born than usual. Many families moved to big cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal, bringing their cultures and ideas, which helped shape Canada’s population.
after which battle did canada become a country
ypres
what battle of known as a “miracle”
battle of dunkirk
“Blitzkrig” means?
Lightning war
