chem test unit 2 grade 10 Flashcards
what happens when the indicator Blue Litmus paper enters an acid, neutral or base solution
acid- turns red
neutral- nothing happens
base- nothing happens
what happens when the indicator Red Litmus paper enters an acid, neutral or base solution
acid- nothing happens
neutral-nothing happens
base- turns blue
what happens when the indicator phenolphthalein enters an acid, neutral or base solution
acid- nothing happens
neutral-nothing happens
base-turns pink
what happens when the indicator bromothymol blue enters an acid, neutral or base solution
acid-turns yellow
neutral- turns green
base-turns blue
properties of acids
-taste sour
-ph less then 7
-do not feel slippery
-Release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution
-reacts with metal to produce a compound and hydrogen gas
properties of bases
-taste bitter
-does feel slippery
-ph greater then 7
-release hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution
-does not react w metals
common properties of acids and bases
-dissolve in water
-conduct electricity in aqueous solution
-can irritate or burn skin
-both acids and bases dissolve in water and create anions
how do bonds form when something is ionic
electrons are transferred
how do bonds form when something is covalent
electrons are shared
state of something ionic and what does it consists of
-consists of ions
-hard but brittle
-solid at room temp
-odourless
-crystal lattice
state of something covalent and what does it consists of
-consists of molecules
-solid, liquid or gas at room temp
-sometimes have odour
melting/boiling point of something ionic
high melting and boiling point due to strong electrostatic
melting/boiling point of something covalent
low melting and boiling point
solubility of something ionic
-many are soluble from electrolyte solution when dissolved in water
solubility of something covalent
-sometimes soluble
-from non-electrolyte solutions
conductivity of something ionic
-conductive
-ions allow electricity to flow
conductivity of something covalent
-not conductive
-no ions formed
7 diatomic moldcules
HOFBrINCl
Hydrogen2
oxygen2
fluorine
Bromine2
iodine2
nitrogen2
chlorine2
what is multivalent
any of the multivalent ions example: tin, lead, manganese
what is binary covalent
2 non-metals
what is ionic
metal+non-metal+ ide
Formula for Synthesis
A+B —> AB
Element+ Element —> Compound
Formula for decomposition
AB ——> A+B
Compound —> Element+ Element
formula for single displacement
If a metal is sitting by it’s self as an element it get’s switched with the other metal in the compound, same thing with non-metals
formula for double displacement
AB + CD —> AD + CB
Formula for combustion
Cx Hy + O2 —> CO2 + H2O
x and y= numbers
formula for neutralization
ACID + BASE –> SALT + WATER
H+OH—> NaCl + H2O
How to name binary acids
-Add the prefix “hydro”
-write the root of the non-metal name
-add the ending “ic” acid
example HF (aq). = Hydrofluoric acid
how to name oxyacids
using polyatomic ions
-write the name of the polyatomic (anion) if it ends with ate replace with “ic”
-if it ends with ite replace with “ous”
add acid at the end
How to name bases
-name the metal
-add the word hydroxide
what is the law of conservation of mass?
mass of reactants= mass of products
(matter cannot be created or destryoed)
what is a bonding pair
electrons from 2 different atoms form a bond
what is a lone pair
2 electrons that do not bond with anything
