Science 10 - Chemistry Flashcards
4 parts of an atom?
proton, neutron, electron, electron cloud
What is an isotope?
2 or more of the same element, each having different amounts of neutrons.
What is an atom?
The smallest units that make up all matter.
What are elements?
One type of atom that cannot be broken down or changed into another substance.
What is a molecule?
Any two or more atoms bonded together. The atoms can be of the same element or different.
What are compounds?
Two or more atoms of different elements bonded together.
What are diatomic molecules?
Molecules that are made up of ONLY TWO atoms.
What is an ion?
An atom that has become positively or negatively charged.
What are radicals?
A molecule that has a positive or negative charge.
What is a skeleton equation?
A representation of a chemical reaction in which the formulas of the reactants are connected to the formulas of the products by an arrow.
What is a balanced chemical equation?
An equation in which the reactants and products contain equal numbers of atoms of each type.
What is combustion?
The very rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce compounds called oxides. (burning)
What is the formula of synthesis reactions?
A+B –> AB
What is the formula of decomposition reactions?
AB –> A+B
What is the formula of single displacement reactions?
A+BC –> AC+B
or
A+BC –> AB + C
What is the formula of double displacement reactions?
AB+CD–>AC+BD
The path of the electron is called an..?
orbit, cloud or shell.
What is a cation?
The name of the positive ion. (written first)
What is an anion?
The name of the negative ion. (written second)
Define indicator
Substances that turn different colours in acids and bases.
Define acids
Sour-tasting, water soluble substances that are found in many common products. (reactive and can combine with other substances)
What ions are released by acids?
hydrogen
Define bases
Bitter-tasting, water-soluble substances that feel slippery when in aqueous solution.
What ions are released by bases?
hydroxide ions
Define alkaline
Substances that are described as bases.
Define pH scale
It represents how acidic or basic a solution is.
What does it mean for the pH scale to be logarithmic?
Every change of one unit is 10x stronger on the concentration of the solution.
How does temperature affect reaction rates?
The higher the temperature, the faster the speed of the reaction. Molecule at a higher temperature move faster.
How does surface area affect reaction rates?
The greater the surface area, the faster the reaction. More surface exposes more molecules to reacts.
How does concentration affect reaction rates?
The greater the concentration of the reactants, the faster the reaction.
