Bio 20, Unit 2, Part 1 & 2 *FINAL*

Question 0

Define biotic

Answer 0

Living parts of the biosphere (organisms)

Question 1

Define ecology

Answer 1

The relationships among organisms (biotic), and between organisms and their environment (abiotic).

Question 2

Define abiotic

Answer 2

Non-living parts of the environment (light, soil, water, air, rock)

Question 3

What is a trophic level?

Answer 3

Each step in the transfer of energy and matter in a community

Question 4

Define scavenger

Answer 4

Consumers that feed on the tissues of dead organisms

Question 5

Define decomposers

Answer 5

Organisms that feed on and break down organic matter (bacteria and fungi)

Question 6

Define biomass

Answer 6

The total mass of a population of an organism in an area

Question 7

What are the three main biochemical cycles?

Answer 7

1) water cycle
2) carbon and oxygen cycle
3) nitrogen cycle

Question 8

Define bio magnification

Answer 8

The increase in the concentration (amount) of a substance as it moves up through the trophic levels in the food chain.

Question 9

What percentage of energy is lost to daily activities?

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

Define steady state/ homeostasis

Answer 10

A state of balance

Energy is continually supplied and matter gets recycled

Question 11

Define population

Answer 11

A group of individuals of the same species, in a specific area, at a specific time.

Question 12

Equations for density

Answer 12

N

D S

Question 13

Define density

Answer 13

The number of individuals per unit of space that they occupy

Question 14

Define Rate of Population Change

Answer 14

How fast the population id changing with respect to time.

Question 15

Rate of Population Change equation

Answer 15

Rate of

Question 16

What are the 4 determiners of population size?

Answer 16

Natality
Mortality
Immigration
Emmigration

Question 17

Define limiting factors

Answer 17

Any condition of the environment (living or non living) that limits the size or a population.

Question 18

Formula for population size using the 4 determiners.

Answer 18

(pop2-pop1) divided by (time2-time1)

Question 19

What are the 3 main mortality patterns?

Answer 19

Late Death
Early Death
Moderate Death

Question 20

What are the 7 main limiting factors?

Answer 20

Predators(b)
Climate(a)
Disease (bacteria/viruses) (b)
Water (a)
Pollution (a)
Competition for food (b)
Parasites (b)

Question 21

What is the reproductive strategy for late death?

Answer 21

Have few offsprings at a time and care for them until maturity.

Question 22

What is the reproductive strategy for early death?

Answer 22

Have many offsprings (100s) at a time and provide no care.

Question 23

What is the reproductive strategy for moderate death?

Answer 23

Have a medium number of offspring (10s) and may provide little or no care.

Question 24

What is exponentially/j-shape?

Answer 24

Population growth at an increasing rate

Question 25

Define carrying capacity

Answer 25

The maximum number of individuals an area can support.

Question 26

What growth pattern is a natural population that reaches a carrying capacity?

Answer 26

S-shaped

Question 27

Define population cycle

Answer 27

When fluctuation occurs regularly in a pattern (predictable)

Question 28

Describe a a population in a closed environment.

Answer 28

1) j-shaped: lots of food and space
2) s-shape: reached carrying capacity limited food and space
3) fluctuates to extinction