History 10 - Long answers

Question 1

What sparked the industrial process in Britain?

Answer 1

• no war
• no usury
• had overseas colonies to provide markets for goods.
• improved mining techniques.
• good transportation systems.
• had a navy (dreadnoughts)
• had rivers for necessary power.
• cyclopaedia
• no primogenitures
• royal society offered cash prizes
• had slaves

Question 2

factory rules/working conditions

Answer 2

• 1 year contracts
• 16h/day, 6d/week
• cwm, 123
• 34*c for cotton to separate properly
• no sick pay, fined if no replacement
• sometimes paid in tokens
• loud working cond. (tinnitus)
• knocker-up before hooter
• foreman/overlooker checks
• orphans for 7 yrs or until 21yrs old.

Question 3

National Assembly Reforms

Answer 3

• Internal tariffs and octroi abolished.
• Ended tax exemption of nobles. Farmers general abolished.
• A written constitution adopted.
• Freedom of worship.
• No more tithe.
• A unified legal system. All judges be elected.
• Abolished guilds. Abolished lettre de cachet.
• Removed the word “Royal” from signs of shops and the names “Louis” be changed to “Constitution.”
• 83 departments set up instead of 35 provinces.
• A 20% property tax on all lands and income, proportionate to income.
• King had a 4-year veto

Question 4

Reforms wanted by the Third Estate

Answer 4

• The power of making laws reside in the king AND the nation.
• All members of the municipal assemblies of town and villages shall be elected.
• honour assignats
• Freedom should be granted to the press.
• Crimes committed by citizens of the different orders shall be punished according to the same forms of law and in the same manner.
• The three functions; legislative, executive, and judicial, shall be separated and carefully distinguished.
• The nation has confided its trust to representatives freely chosen from all classes of citizens. (National Assembly)
• Treat prisoners decently.
• All taxes on real and personal property shall be charged equally on all the goods of the clergy, nobles, and commoners.
• The jury system shall be introduced in all criminal cases.

Question 5

Legislative Assembly, Convention and Committee of Public Safety Reforms.

Answer 5

• Law of Maximum (fixed prices of food and rationed bread)
• Law of Suspects
• Levee en masse stated that all able-bodied men for serve the army.
• Marseillaise became the French national anthem.
• Set up a court to arrest and hear the cases of accused enemies or the republic.
• Limited voting rights to taxpayers only.
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy, bishops and priests now elected and the church land distributed to peasants.
• End the monarchy and declare France a republic.

Question 6

Results of the French Revolution

Answer 6

• Feudalism abolished
• nobles, clergy, lost privileges
• Law of Maximum
• Judges now elected
• jury trials for criminal cases
• tax paid according to personal wealth (20%)
• metric system introduced
• octroi gone

Question 7

Explain what the big four each wanted from the Treaty of Versailles.

Answer 7

Britain: Security of France, German fleet threats abolished, territorial disagreements settled, and support in League of Nations.

Italy: Land and money

US:They wanted to establish a liberal and diplomatic world. For League of Nations to manage German colonies until independence.

France:To weaken Germany’s military and forbid them to attack France again (safety and security if ever).

Question 8

Describe 6 terms from the Treaty of Versailles.

Answer 8

• Navy reduced to 6 warships
• full blame (clause #231)
• army limited to 100 000
• return alsace-lorraine
• anschluss
• $33 billiion
• blockade for 1 more year
• polish corridor
• rhineland demilitarized for 15 years
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk abolished