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Industrial Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

Cyclopaedia

A

Abraham Rees

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1
Q

steel

A

Bessemer

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2
Q

boring drill

A

John Wilkinson

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3
Q

concrete

A
  • Smeaton

- the idea was lost and he rediscovered it

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4
Q

puddling

A
  • Henry Cort

- made much purer form of iron called wrought iron

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5
Q

Where was the first mill built?

A

Cromford on a stream which flows into the River Derwent

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6
Q

How is coke made?

A

From coal.

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7
Q

mule

A

Samuel Crompton

-spinning Jenny + Water frame

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8
Q

power loom

A

Edmund Cartwright

-machine that make cloth from threads

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9
Q

Spinning Jenny

A
  • James Hargreaves
  • worked several spindles and produced more thread
  • hand operated
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10
Q

Water frame

A

Richard Arkwright

-1 person did the work of 3000 hand spinners

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11
Q

Flying shuttle

A

John Kay

-sped up handloom weaving

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12
Q

tenter or tenterhooks

A

a structure that held fabrics for drying or other treatment in the production of woollen cloth.

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14
Q

Factory Act

A

1833

  • limited children under 18 to work 8 hours a day, 6 days a week.
  • children under 9 could to work in textile factories.
  • children 9 and under could not work more than 48 hours/week
  • teenagers between 13-18 could not work more than 69 hours/week
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14
Q

Ten Hours Act

A

1847

-reduced work hours to 10 hours a day.

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15
Q

Mines Act

A

1842

-women and children under 10 can’t work in underground coal mines.

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16
Q

Jethro Tull

A

seed drill and horse-drawn hoe

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17
Q

cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

-a machine for separating cotton from its seeds.

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18
Q

steam engine

A

James Watt

-improved it*

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19
Q

rocket

A

George Stephenson

-first steam powered locomotive

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20
Q

Samuel Slater

A

the first to smuggle a machine into the US

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21
Q

blunderbuss

A

Eli Whitney

-gun

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22
Q

interchangeable gun parts

A

Eli Whitney

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23
Q

firedamp

A

an explosive mixture

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24
Q

How do miners check for fire damps?

A

They put a canary in and if it survives, it’s safe.

25
Q

safety lamp

A

Sir Humphrey Davy

26
Q

gleaning

A

-gather (leftovers) after a harvest

27
Q

Enclosures Movement

A
  • villages started to fence in their fields.
  • no gleaning after enclosures
  • farmers could practice new ideas
28
Q

Robert Bakewell

A

-breeder selectively of cattle and sheep

29
Q

British Chartists

A
  • unionists

- fights for better working conditions

30
Q

hurriers

A

-boys who pushed the coal cart

31
Q

luddites

A

machine breakers

32
Q

John McAdam

A
  • roads

- turnpike trust

33
Q

turnpike trust

A

private road companies that charged tolls on roads.

34
Q

trappers

A

children who open/shut trap doors in mines

35
Q

indulgences

A

-pardons for sins

36
Q

Who was the prime minister at the time of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Robert Peel

37
Q

Who created the first steam engine that pumps water from the mines?

A

Thomas Newcomen

38
Q

What did Alfred Nobel do?

A

Created the dynamite and felt guilty for how it was being used, so he presents the Nobel Peace Prize.

39
Q

Who created the first friendly factory? (school, day care, good pay, etc)

A

Robert Owen

40
Q

Who brought turnip to Britain?

A

Charles Townshend

41
Q

Why was turnip a good crop to grow?

A
  • it could grow all year

- provided nitrogen to the soil

42
Q

Which reformer created the Acts?

A

Lord Shaftesbury

43
Q

Who created the 4 crop rotation (Norfolk rotation system)?

A

Charles Townshend

44
Q

Who are Commissioners?

A

Men who made checked the farms to make it legally enclosed.

45
Q

The weight of coal carried up ladders by women.

A

170 lbs.

46
Q

dreadnaughts

A

an English warship that protected British merchant ships called caravelles.

48
Q

barge

A

horse-drawn boat that carried good and people

49
Q

caravelles

A

British merchant ships

50
Q

huguenots

A

protestants

51
Q

primogeniture

A

passed to eldest (son)

52
Q

teasel

A

used to give cloths the correct finish

53
Q

corvee

A

forced labour demanded instead of taxes (on roads)

54
Q

What is laissez-faire?

A

The idea of economic individualism and free trade. (Adam Smith)

55
Q

Who builds the first factory?

A

Richard Arkwright

56
Q

Why were canals instructed?

A

To cut transportation cost for bulky items such as coal or metal ores by 75%.

57
Q

Which 4 things were used in the Norfolk rotation system?

A

wheat, turnips, barley, and clover

58
Q

What is the Royal Society?

A

Groups of philosophers who gave out prize money for the most useful and successful inventions.

59
Q

What is the Lunar Society?

A

Great thinkers of the Industrial Revolution who met to discuss scientific questions and how science could be applied to manufacturing, mining, transport education and medicine.

60
Q

Abraham Darby

A

Succeeded in smelting iron by using coke instead of charcoal.

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