Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Cyclopaedia
Abraham Rees
steel
Bessemer
boring drill
John Wilkinson
concrete
- Smeaton
- the idea was lost and he rediscovered it
puddling
- Henry Cort
- made much purer form of iron called wrought iron
Where was the first mill built?
Cromford on a stream which flows into the River Derwent
How is coke made?
From coal.
mule
Samuel Crompton
-spinning Jenny + Water frame
power loom
Edmund Cartwright
-machine that make cloth from threads
Spinning Jenny
- James Hargreaves
- worked several spindles and produced more thread
- hand operated
Water frame
Richard Arkwright
-1 person did the work of 3000 hand spinners
Flying shuttle
John Kay
-sped up handloom weaving
tenter or tenterhooks
a structure that held fabrics for drying or other treatment in the production of woollen cloth.
Factory Act
1833
- limited children under 18 to work 8 hours a day, 6 days a week.
- children under 9 could to work in textile factories.
- children 9 and under could not work more than 48 hours/week
- teenagers between 13-18 could not work more than 69 hours/week
Ten Hours Act
1847
-reduced work hours to 10 hours a day.
Mines Act
1842
-women and children under 10 can’t work in underground coal mines.
Jethro Tull
seed drill and horse-drawn hoe
cotton gin
Eli Whitney
-a machine for separating cotton from its seeds.
steam engine
James Watt
-improved it*
rocket
George Stephenson
-first steam powered locomotive
Samuel Slater
the first to smuggle a machine into the US
blunderbuss
Eli Whitney
-gun
interchangeable gun parts
Eli Whitney
firedamp
an explosive mixture
How do miners check for fire damps?
They put a canary in and if it survives, it’s safe.
safety lamp
Sir Humphrey Davy
gleaning
-gather (leftovers) after a harvest
Enclosures Movement
- villages started to fence in their fields.
- no gleaning after enclosures
- farmers could practice new ideas
Robert Bakewell
-breeder selectively of cattle and sheep
British Chartists
- unionists
- fights for better working conditions
hurriers
-boys who pushed the coal cart
luddites
machine breakers
John McAdam
- roads
- turnpike trust
turnpike trust
private road companies that charged tolls on roads.
trappers
children who open/shut trap doors in mines
indulgences
-pardons for sins
Who was the prime minister at the time of the Industrial Revolution?
Robert Peel
Who created the first steam engine that pumps water from the mines?
Thomas Newcomen
What did Alfred Nobel do?
Created the dynamite and felt guilty for how it was being used, so he presents the Nobel Peace Prize.
Who created the first friendly factory? (school, day care, good pay, etc)
Robert Owen
Who brought turnip to Britain?
Charles Townshend
Why was turnip a good crop to grow?
- it could grow all year
- provided nitrogen to the soil
Which reformer created the Acts?
Lord Shaftesbury
Who created the 4 crop rotation (Norfolk rotation system)?
Charles Townshend
Who are Commissioners?
Men who made checked the farms to make it legally enclosed.
The weight of coal carried up ladders by women.
170 lbs.
dreadnaughts
an English warship that protected British merchant ships called caravelles.
barge
horse-drawn boat that carried good and people
caravelles
British merchant ships
huguenots
protestants
primogeniture
passed to eldest (son)
teasel
used to give cloths the correct finish
corvee
forced labour demanded instead of taxes (on roads)
What is laissez-faire?
The idea of economic individualism and free trade. (Adam Smith)
Who builds the first factory?
Richard Arkwright
Why were canals instructed?
To cut transportation cost for bulky items such as coal or metal ores by 75%.
Which 4 things were used in the Norfolk rotation system?
wheat, turnips, barley, and clover
What is the Royal Society?
Groups of philosophers who gave out prize money for the most useful and successful inventions.
What is the Lunar Society?
Great thinkers of the Industrial Revolution who met to discuss scientific questions and how science could be applied to manufacturing, mining, transport education and medicine.
Abraham Darby
Succeeded in smelting iron by using coke instead of charcoal.
