school age growth exam 1 Flashcards
school age growth?
between 6-12 children will grow an average of 5 cm (2 inches) per year and gain 30-60 cm (1-2 feet). They will almost double their weight, increasing 2-3 kg (4.5-6.5 pounds) per year.
school age development?
At the beginning of school age boys tend to be slightly taller and heavier than girls
Toward the end of the school-age years both boys and girls begin to increase in size with girls beginning to surpass boys in both height and weight
school age physical changes?
Body takes on a slimmer look
Longer legs, varying body proportion, lower center of gravity
Fat gradually diminishes
Distribution patterns change, contributing to the thinner appearance
By end of school-age double strength and physical capabilities
Muscles are still functionally immature when compared to those of the adolescent
Shed first deciduous tooth and at the end of school age acquire final permanent teeth (with the exception of wisdom)
Face grows faster in relation to the remainder of the cranium
Middle childhood (age of loose tooth) and early middle childhood the new secondary (permanent) teeth appear too large for the face
prepubescence physical changes in school aged kids?
Prepubescence
Two year span which begins at the end of middle childhood and ends with the 13th birthday
Discrepancy in growth and maturation between boys and girls becomes apparent
physical changes of body systems in school aged kids?
Maturation of systems
GI tract-fewer stomach upsets, better glucose levels, increase stomach capacity, permits retention for food for longer periods. Caloric needs are less than they were in the preschool years.
Bladder-capacity generally greater in girls than boys.
Heart-grows more slowly in middle years and is smaller in relation to the rest of the body.
HR and RR-slow from pre-school years
BP-increases from pre-school years
Bones-ossify throughout childhood
psychological (erikson) in school aged kids?
Latency Period:
Must successfully master Erikson’s first three stages – this requires nurturing and stable family unit
Sense of industry or accomplishment-achieved somewhere between 6 and adolescence
Inferiority-(failure to master skills of developmental age)
cognitive in school aged kids?
Cognitive (Piaget)
Concrete operations or thinking:
Children progress from Perceptual thinking (making judgments based on what they see) progress to Conceptual thinking (based on reasoning)
Conservation: (5-7 years) children learn that simply altering the arrangement in space does not change certain properties.
Classification: group items according to attributes they share
Reading: expands exploration, imagination and knowledge
social development in school aged kids?
Peer groups is the most important aspect of socializing school-age children grains independence from their parents
Helps gain independence from parents
Children often modify behavior to be “accepted”
school aged play?
Involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability and fantasy
Team play contributes to socialization
Quiet games and activity-such as playing with collections or reading
Ego mastery-play allows children to acquire mastery over themselves, their environment and others
school aged self-concept?
Conscious awareness of self perceptions (physical characteristics for example)
school aged body image?
School age have relatively accurate and positive perception of their physical selves
In general, like their physical selves less as they age
school for school aged kids?
Agent for transmitting values of society to each generation
Setting for relationship building with peers
Sharp break in structure for child’s world
Teachers in early grades assume many of the functions assumed parents (such as recognizing child’s personal needs). They serve as role models
limit setting for school aged kids?
Reasoning effective for middle school age children
Instruct and guide children and eliminate undesired behaviors
nursing interventions for stress and fear in school aged kids?
The following signs of stress should be explored further
stomach pains or headache, changes in sleeping or nightmares, bed-wetting,
changes in eating habits, aggressive or stubborn behavior, withdrawal or
reluctance to participate, regression to earlier behaviors (such as thumb sucking), trouble concentration or changes in academic performance
school age nutrition?
Children typically eat what the family eats: evaluate family food prep
Snacking on easily available high-calorie foods in combination with a sedentary activity level contribute to childhood obesity
