GI functional disorder exam 1 Flashcards
what are the different types of cleft lip and palates?
incomplete cleft palate
unilateral complete lip & palate
bilateral complete lip & palate
involves a notched upper lip border, nasal distortion, and may include unilateral or bilateral involvement.
cleft lip
a visible or palpable gap in uvula, soft palate, hard palate, and/or incisive foramen with exposed nasal cavities and associated nasal distortion.
cleft palate
what do you need to know about cleft palate repair?
Cleft palate: 6 - 18 months; before 2 years of age
Position on side or back after surgery
Cool mist tent
Blended diet
Elbow restraints: 4 - 6 weeks
No straws, pacifiers, spoons, or fingers in or around mouth for 7-10 days.
No oral temps.
What is the patho of Tracheoesophageal fistula?
Rare malformation resulting from failed separation of the esophagus and trachea by 4th week of gestation
what is the treatment of Tracheoesophageal fistula?
Surgical emergency
Gastrostomy tube – palliative until healed
Potential esophageal replacement necessary
Tracheal suctioning not to extend past surgical site
what is pyloric stenosis?
Hypertrophy of circular muscle of pylorus causing constriction of pylorus and obstruction of gastric outlet
Etiology unknown
what is the hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis?
projectile vomiting, moveable olive-shaped mass in epigastrium
what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis?
Pyloromyotomy – laparotomy - relatively uncomplicated surgery
Feeding 4 - 6 hours postop, progressing from glucose or electrolyte fluid to formula within 24 hours of surgery
Discharge home 2nd postop day
what is the path of Hirschsprung’s:Congenital aganglionic megacolon?
Congenital absence of ganglion cells in rectum & colon
Genetically acquired – failure in utero
Colon becomes a “megacolon”
what is the CM’s of Hirschsprung’s:Congenital aganglionic megacolon?
No meconium with 1st 24-48 hours
Distended abdomen & vomiting
Signs of enterocolitis
Chronic constipation
Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stool
what is pre-op for Hirschsprung’s:Congenital aganglionic megacolon?
Depends on age & condition-enemas
what is post-op for Hirschsprung’s:Congenital aganglionic megacolon?
NPO
NG suction
Abdominal assessment
Ostomy-temporary
Later: pull-through
Ostomy revised: anal stricture & incontinence are potential complications
what is the patho for Hernias: Umbilicus, diaphragm, inguinal?
Protrusion of a portion of organ through opening
what is the treatment for Hernias: Umbilicus, diaphragm, inguinal?
Incarcerated: cannot be easily reduced
Strangulated: blood supply cut off to organ necessitating emergency surgery
