infectious disease exam 1 Flashcards
What is fifth’s disease?
“Slapped cheek”
Lacy rash on trunk and limbs
Human parvovirus 19
Some fetal defects
Transmitted person to person mainly in school age children.
Respiratory secretions so if in hospital – Droplet isolation
Rash appears in 3 stages 1st stage looks like redness on their cheeks which why it is called Slapped cheek disease. Disappear in about 1-4 days and 1 day after rash appears on face they may get maculo/popular red spots on the upper and lower extremities and the rash usually progresses from proximal to distal and last more than 1 week
As that rash subsides it may reappear if the skin is irritated or traumatized in the sun or with heat or cold.
The rash on the trunk and limbs look like lace.
If the mother is exposed during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy it may cause some fetal defects in cluding anemai or hydrops fatalis
What is hydrops fatalis?
an intrauterine disease of an abnormal accumulation of fluid especially in the liver or spleen and it does have a low survival rate.
what is conjunctivitis?
Pink eye
Causes: Bacterial, viral, Chlamydia
S/S: Purulent drainage, crusting eyelids, swollen lids, reddened conjunctiva
Highly contagious
24 hours antibiotics
Viral is self-limiting
what are the types of stomatitis?
Aphthous stomatitis – canker sore
Herpetic gingivostomatitis – cold sore or fever blister (HSV)
what is stomatitis and what is the nursing care?
Immunocompromised, Coxsackie virus
Nursing Care:
Control pain
Swish and Swallow (or Spit)
Hydration
what is pinworms?
Inhaled airborne eggs
Females lay > 17,000 eggs
Cardinal Symptom:
Intense peri-anal itching
Common in 5-14 year olds
Tape test – microscopic exam
what are the meds and treatment for pinworms?
Treatment:
Wash hands
Treat all in household
Medications:
Albendazole – Re-treat in 2 weeks
Pyrvinium pamoate – stains red
what is IMPETIGO?
Highly contagious infection
Strep & staphylococcus
Group A beta-hemolytic
Most common bacterial skin condition in children (2-5 yo)
Pruritus, redness, honey-colored crusting, yellow exudate
what is IMPETIGO treatment?
Wash 2-3 times per day with soap & water. Warm saline soaks,
Topical / oral antibiotic
May need to cut fingernails
Do not remove crusts
what is scabies?
Mite sarcoptes scabei
Highly contagious
Grayish brown threadlike burrow
Secondary infection
5% permethrin leave on 8-12 hrs repeat in 7 days, cover entire body
what is head lice?
Pediculosis capitis
Highly contagious & itchy (puritic)
Incubation of eggs = 10 days
Find nape of neck – separate sections of hair with q-tips
Find eggs not louse
Shampoo – beauty shop
Nix not Lindane, repeat in 7-12 days, treat environment
What is folliculitis?
Pimple, Furuncle (boil), Carbuncle(many boils)
Cause: Staph aureus, MRSA
Treatment: Topical / oral ABX
Do not squeeze lesions
what is oral candidiasis?
Yeast infection
Patches cannot be removed
Fungicide
Frequently in children that are still taking a bottle or breast fed
Yeast infection caused by a fungus
It is white on the tongue and you can tell the difference in whether it is dried milk or yeast by the fact you cannot remove the yeast with a tongue blade and you can remove dried milk
Treatment is with a fungicide usually take orally and may also want to give them nystatin that you would swab around in their mouth after their feedings
Clean bottles and nipples carefully after every feeding If breastfeeding instruct the mother to clean their nipples between feedings
Usually benign
It is passed from person to person
May take as long as 2 months to clear up with constant treatment
ring worm of the scalp and tine corporals is ringworm on the body or face
Tinia capitais
common jock itch and tine pedis is athletes foot, both of these are common in adolescent boys
Tinea crusis
What is dermatophytoses?
Fungal infections
Common name is ringworm
All caused by the same fungal infection
Superficial, they live on the skin not inside the skin
Highly contagious, if a person has a ringworm on their arm and they touch and then touch their face more than likely it will appear on their face also
Teach them not share hairbrushes, hats, scarves, caps, helmets,
Places this fungus can be transferred are in the locker room on seats or in showers tanning beds gym mats, nap mats,
All can be treated with topical myconazole , the highest percent miconazole generally has to have prescription
an inflammatory reaction of the skin to chemical substances, they may be natural or synthetic
contact dermatitis
what are the different types of dermatitis?
contact
diaper
atopic
seborrheic
What is important to know about dermatitis?
The major goal of treatment is to prevent further exposure to the offending substance
Initial reaction usually appears in an exposed region most commonly the face and neck the backs of hands the forearms gentalia or lower legs
Normally there is sharp demarcation between inflamed and normal skin so it is easy to tell where the contact to the irritant started
Most frequent causes of contact dermatitis are plants such as poison ivy or poison sumac, animal fur feathers dander, metals found in jewelry rings bracelets, snaps on their sleepers
In infants contact dermatitis occurs on the convex surfaces of the diaper area
Many times dermatitis is found when a nurse is doing a routine assessment of the skin
Mostly just want to remove the irritant, keep area clean and dry with soap and water
Depending on what the of irritant it is, there may be an ointment or cream that can be applied
What is diaper dermatitis and what is treatment?
Repetitive exposure to irritants – urine and feces
Increase in pH and fecal enzymes working together for skin breakdown
Candida infections – satellite spots
Treatment:
Prevention
Topical steroids, antifungals, aloe vera,
Barriers of zinc oxide
DO NOT USE: heat lamps and hair dryers
what can cause dermatitis?
Rash on skin from coming in contract
Lotion, sunscreen, laundry detergent
Poison ivy
Soap and H2O
Topical steroids
Don’t need antibiotics unless there is a secondary infection
Don’t blow on it with a blow dryer, heat will make it a lot worse
Zinc oxide on diaper rash
what is lyme disease and treatment?
Most common tick borne disorder in the US
Caused by the spirochete that enter the skin through the tick bite
Spirochete – Borrelia burgdorferi
treatment: penicillin
what are the symptoms of stage 1 lyme disease?
Fever, HA, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, conjunctivitis, cough, stiff neck, lymphadenopathy
what are the symptoms of stage 2 lyme disease?
Neuro, cardiac, Musculoskeletal systems
what are the symptoms of stage 3 lyme disease?
Musculoskeletal pain, arthritis
what is rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia ricketti
Spread by infected ticks
Multi system disease, fever for 2-3 weeks, malaise, deep muscle pain, h/a, chills, conjunctival infection, rash- ext to trunk; petechia later / non itchy
what are the complications of rocky mountain spotted fever and its treatments?
Complications: DIC, GI, pneumonitis, cardiac and renal, shock
Treat: antibiotics
