Powers Blueprint Final Flashcards
the random movements that infants make with no clear purpose is the beginning of play.
unoccupied play
when kids start to play on their own. Kids do not seem to notice other kids sitting or playing nearby during this type of play.
solitary play
when kids watch others play. The kid who is looking may ask ?’s but there is no effort to join the play
onlooker play
when kids begin to play side-by-side with each other without any interaction.
parallel play
when kids start asking ?’s of each other. They have similar goals but there are no set rules.
associative play
when kids begin to share ideas and toys, and follow established rules and guidelines
social play
what is candidiasis?
yeast infection of the mouth, patches cannot be removed, caused by fungus. Clean bottle and nipples carefully after every feeding if breastfeeding instruct the mother to clean their nipples between feedings to prevent. Passed from person – person, may take as long as 2 months to clear up with constant treatment, usually benign. Treatment is with a fungicide PO and nystatin that you can swab around their mouth after their feedings.
what is dried milk?
can be removed with a tongue blade
what is rotavirus?
Most common in kids 3-24 months
Fecal oral
Fever
Starts with vomit and then watery, grassy green foul-smelling diarrhea
what is salmonella?
Bacterial
Person to person or undercooked chicken
June-august
Hamsters, turtles, dogs and cats carry too
N/V, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
Fever
May get septic
what is shigella?
Fever, fatigue, anorexia
Crampy abdominal pain preceding watery or bloody diarrhea
Do not give anti-diarrhea meds (can make the symptoms worse)
what is hirschsprung’s disease?
“Mega colon”
Symptoms: no meconium with 1st 24-48 H, distended abdomen and vomit, signs of enterocolitis, chronic constipation, and ribbon-like, foul-smelling stool
Treatment: post-op = NPO, NG suction, abdominal assessment, ostomy (temporary), later: pull-through, ostomy revised: anal structure and incontinence are potential complications.
what is GERD and what is important to know?
Transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus
Symptoms: sitting up or vomit, excessive cry, arching back, cough, wheeze, stridor, gag, bloody emesis, apnea, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn
Treatment: depends on severity, avoid foods that intensify reflex (citrus, caffeine, lactose, etc.) breastfeeding moms need to avoid these too, weight control, small frequent meals, thickened feeds, elevate HOB for 1 H after feed, PPI’s (omeprazole, H2 receptor inhibitors, ranitidine), and surgical management (Nissen fundoplication)
when do the fontanels close?
12-18 months anterior
2-3 months posterior
what are age appropriate activities for toddlers?
Solitary play evolves into parallel play: toddlers observe others and engage in activities nearby
Appropriate activities: coloring, building blocks, shape sorters
Parents can foster motor skills by allowing kid to be active; toddler should not be confined to playpens
Toys that have small parts should be kept out of reach
Age-appropriate toys should be provided
