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PEDS > communicable disease exam 1 > Flashcards

communicable disease exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

contraindications for vax

A

severe febrile illness
immunocompromised

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2
Q

admin immunizations

A

Written material to parents
Consent
Month, day, year of expiration of vax
Vaccine, manufacturer, lot number, expiration date,
Name, title and address of administrator
Reaction

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3
Q

Pain control and what to know when admin immunizations?

A

Pain control
Buzzy Bee
Pain Spray
EMLA

Distraction
Gate Control
Vastus Lateralis, Deltoid

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4
Q

HepA Vax

A

Vaccine: IM, 0.5ml
Dose #1 at 12-23 months
Dose #2 6-18 months later

Given to susceptible folks:
military, Native AM, Alaskan natives, IV drug, homosexual etc

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5
Q

HepB vax

A

Vaccine: IM, 0.5ml
Birth- series of 3 doses:
If Mom is HBSAg+ / 12 hours, 2 months, 1 month after, 6 months after that

S/E: pain, redness at site, joint pain
Serious: Anaphylaxis
Contraindication: Bakers Yeast

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6
Q

What is Diphtheria?

A

Corneybacterium diphtheriae
Transmission by contact

Characteristic thick, bluish white to grey patch covers the tonsils.

Fever, anorexia, malaise, cough, hoarseness, odor, sore throat,

Complications: myocarditis, ascending paralysis
Treat: IV antitoxin, Pen G

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7
Q

What is Tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

Exists as spore in dirt, dust, animal excrema

Endotoxin attacks the nervous system
Umbilicus, nai

Stiff neck and jaw, facial spasms, difficulty swallowing, MUSCLE RIGIDITY

Complications: Larygnospasm, respiratory distress

Treat: Tetanus im
munoglobulin, Tetanus toxoid, ICU care, paralysis, ventilator et,

Revaccinate q 10 years (Td)

Tetanus symptoms:
Lock jaw and muscle spasm (Sardonic smile)

Opisthotonus

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8
Q

What is Pertussis/whopping cough?

A

Bordatella pertussis
Droplets, direct contact

Runny nose, cough that becomes more severe and spasms, flushing, cyanosis, vomiting,

Complications: IS SHARED

Treat: Antibiotics, steroids
Vaccine 6 wks to 6 years

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9
Q

DTaP (Infantrix) vax

A

IM / 0.5ml
2, 4, 6, 15-18 months & 4-6 yrs (5 doses)

S/E: redness, pain, Temp to 101, fussy
Serious: inconsolable crying, temp >102, anaphylaxis, shock

Contraindication:
previous reaction,
immunoglobulin within last 90 days
cocooning

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10
Q

vaccinate all who surround the infant

A

cocooning

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11
Q

What is Poliomyelitis?

A

3 types of polio
Live vaccine was associated with paralysis and no longer given

Fever, headache, stiff neck, progressive weakness, respiratory difficulties, paralysis

Complications: permanent motor paralysis, respiratory arrest

Treatment: Supportive
Immunization IPV (killed virus)

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12
Q

IPV (Inactivated polio vax)

A

Allergy- neomycin, streptomycin
Subcutaneous
0.5ml
2, 4, 6-18, months & 4-6 yrs (4 doses)
S/E: swelling, tenderness, irritability

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13
Q

What is Measles (Rubelola)?

A

Mobillivirus
Airborne, respiratory

High fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, cough, anorexia, malaise, Koplik spots, Rash maculopapular from face to trunk to extremities.

Complications: pneumonia, bronchitis, encephalitis
Treat: supportive

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14
Q

What is MUMPS?

A

Paramyxovirus
Direct contact

Malaise, low grade fever, earache, headache, pain with chewing, swelling parotid gland

Complications: Orchiditis, deafness
Treat: Supportive

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15
Q

what is rubella (German Measles)?

A

RNA virus
Droplet, direct contact

Pink rash on face to trunk, legs, low grade fever, headache, sore throat, red, inflamed eyes

Complications: arthritis, encephalitis, CRS. No pregnant women
Treatment: supportive

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16
Q

MMR/MMRV vax

A

Subcutaneous
0.5ml
12-15 months, 4-6 years (2 doses)

S/E: fever, redness or pain at site, rash, joint pain

Serious: anaphylaxis, chronic arthritis, encephalopathy

17
Q

Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib) vax

A

Prevention for: Bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, sepsis

IM
0.5 ml
2, 4, 6, 12-15 months,

S/E: pain, redness, swelling at site

18
Q

What is varicella (Chicken Pox)?

A

Varicella-zoster
Direct contact

Mild fever, malaise, irritability, tear-drop, centripetal, rose petal rash, HIGHLY PRURITIC, contagious one day before until 6 days after first crop crusted over.

Complications: pneumonia, arthritis, meningitis, Reyes syndrome

Treat: supportive, Benadryl, IV Acyclovir

19
Q

What is the chicken pox vax?

A

Vaccine: Varivax, SQ, 0.5ml
2 doses (12-15 months & 4-6 yrs)
Live virus

20
Q

What do you need to know about the pneumococcal disease and vax?

A

PCV-7 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Prevnar (7 types)
IM, 0.5 ml
2, 4, 6,12-15 months

Early as 2 months for
Sickle Cell Disease, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, organ transplants, HIV, cochlear implants etc

Pneumo 23 (PPV- 23 types) recommended for older >23 months

21
Q

What is important to know about influenza and the vax?

A

Annually 6 months – 18 years
Trivalent Inactivated any > 6 months – covers both A & B types

Contraindication: Egg allergy
Live vaccine 2 doses nasally, 1 month apart

22
Q

What is meningococcal disease?

A

High cause of morbidity & mortality
Adolescents (20%)

Neisseria meningitidis

Increased risk get 2 doses of MCV4 vaccination

(Menactra or Memveo IM 0.5ml) 2 months apart

Regular risk @ 11-12 yo visit – single dose
Menomune 2-10 years old (Subcutaneous)

23
Q

what is scarlet fever?

A

GABHS
+ ASO titer
Accompanies streptococcal infection

High fever, headache, vomiting, chills, sore throat, then rash

White strawberry tongue then red
Rash, peel

Treatment: PCN

24
Q

what is roseola?

A

3 days of fever,
rash (non pruritic), on trunk not face
Herpes virus 6
Self limiting, no sequalae

25
Q

What is rotavirus?

A

Most common cause of severe diarrhea

Hospitalization of approximately 55,000
children each year in the United States

Death of over 600,000 children annually worldwide.

Incubation period approximately 2 days

Signs & Symptoms:
characterized by vomiting and watery diarrhea for 3 - 8 days, and fever and abdominal pain occur frequently

26
Q

What is the vax for rotavirus?

A

The RotaTeq® vaccine oral vaccine in three doses, at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. (None after 32 weeks)

The Rotarix® vaccine oral vaccine at 6 weeks then 4 weeks later

27
Q

What is human papilloma virus (HPV)?

A

most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)

S&S: virus infects the skin and mucous membranes. There are more than 40 HPV types shows as genital warts and cancers

28
Q

What is the vax for HPV?

A

3 IM shots
@ 11-12 yrs, 2 months and 6 months later

PEDS (31 decks)

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