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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Safety / Infection Control > Flashcards

Safety / Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are ways to describe infections?

A

Inherent/Contagious
Localized/Systemic
Primary/Secondary
Exogenous/Endogenous

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2
Q

Infection

A

pathogen invades tissues and multiplies in host

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3
Q

Colonization

A

presence and multiplication of micros within a host without tissue damage/invasion

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4
Q

Communicable

A

transfered from one to another

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5
Q

Symptomatic

A

shows signs and symptoms

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6
Q

Asymptomatic

A

multiply without signs

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7
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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8
Q

Prevention of infections

A

hand hygiene, barrier techniques, antiseptic/disinfectants, immunizations/meds, conscientious patient care

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9
Q

What is the most important prevention of infection?

A

hand hygiene

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10
Q

Hand hygiene’s essential action

A

friction

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11
Q

Longer duration of care (with absence of hand hygiene) =

A

higher contamination on hands

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12
Q

Nosocomial

A

healthcare-related infection

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13
Q

Nosocomial effects

A

increase in mobidity and mortality of patients
increase in cost to organizations
decrease in trust

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14
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin-resistant enterobacterium (GI-resistant)

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15
Q

5 moments of hand hygiene is needed

A

-before touching a patient
-before cleaning/aseptic procedures
-after body fluid exposure risk
-after touching a patient
-after touching patient surroundings

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16
Q

Natural defense against infections

A

skin, mouth, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gi tract, vagina pH

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17
Q

Chain of infection

A

infectious agent - reservoir - portal of exit - transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host

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18
Q

Reservoir types

A

people, equipment, food, insects, water, animals

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19
Q

portal of exits

A

blood, secretions, excretions, skin

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20
Q

modes of transmission

A

physical, contact, droplets, airborne (inanimated objects)

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21
Q

portals of entry

A

mouth, lungs, digestion, skin lesions

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22
Q

susceptible host

A

immunocompromised, diabetes, burns, surgery, age, stress

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23
Q

Streptococcus, TB, and UTI are examples of what type of infectious agent?

A

bacterial

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24
Q

cold, flu, COVID, Hepatitis are examples of what type of infectious agent

A

viral

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25
Q

Ringworm and yeast infection are examples of what type of infectious agent

A

fungal

26
Q

Hookworms and pinworms are examples of what type of infectious agent

A

parasitic

27
Q

Prions are an example of what infectious agent

A

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

28
Q

Do TSEs (prions) have a treatment plan?

A

no

29
Q

secretions

A

solutions made by body and moved around (hormones)

30
Q

excretions

A

come out of living things (urine, semen, stool)

31
Q

Fomite

A

inanimate objects that transmit germs with indirect contact

32
Q

Exudate

A

massive cells or fluid out of a patient (direct contact)

33
Q

Medical asepsis

A

reduce the number of pathogens, “clean technique”, used in administering meds , tubes

Hand wash is #1

34
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

eliminates all pathogens
“sterile technique”
used in dress changes, catheters, surgeries

35
Q

Normal flora

A

resides in the skin and digestive tract
helps digest food and keep away pathogen

36
Q

Disinfectant

A

alone or a combination that includes alcohols, chlorine, or formaldehyde
-commercially
-not interchangeable
-germicide, UV radiation, pasteurization

37
Q

Sterilization

A

heat/steam destroys all microorganisms on surface/fluid to prevent disease transmissions

38
Q

What wipes do you use to prevent C. diff? And how long do you use it?

A

Bleach wipes; 3 minutes

39
Q

isolation

A

intentional separation and restriction of ill with confirmed contagious, transmissible disease

40
Q

Basic Principles of Isolation

A

understand disease-transmitted PPE usage
hand hygiene before and after
contaminated disposed
protect all people at risk

41
Q

PPE

A

gowns, gloves, mask, eye protection

42
Q

Tier 1 Isolation

A

standard precautions
-all patients in all settings
-gloves and hand hygiene

43
Q

Tier 2 Isolation

A

expanded
-suspected of colonized with contagious, transmissible pathogen
-orders to isolation cart (ppe) to disposable equipment to door sign to restrictions to notify units

44
Q

What color is the contact precaution?

A

green

45
Q

What are the diseases or precautions for Contact isolation?

A

MDRO, VRE, RSV, Shingles, Rotavirus, Lice, Scabies, wounds without dressing or containment of drainage

46
Q

Contact Precautions
Supplies and procedure to enter rooms

A

Before entering hand hygiene
Gown and gloves - dispose of inside the room
Hand hygiene after

47
Q

What color is special contact precaution?

A

Yellow

48
Q

What color is droplet precaution?

A

Orange

49
Q

What color is airborne precaution?

A

Pink

50
Q

What are the diseases or precautions for special contact isolation?

A

C. diff, Norovirus, diarrhea on admission

51
Q

What are the diseases or precautions for droplet isolation?

A

flu, pertussis-whooping cough, bacterial meningitis until ruled out Neisseria meningitis(larger than 5 microns)

52
Q

What are the diseases or precautions for Airbone (negative air) isolation?

A

TB, measles, disseminated shingles, varicella (chicken pox), smallpox

53
Q

Special Contact Precautions
Supplies and procedure to enter rooms

A

Hand hygiene before
gown and gloves required to leave in there
Soap and water at exit
Cleanlinens and BLEACH wipes for 3 minutes on surfaces

54
Q

Droplet Precautions
Supplies and procedure to enter rooms

A

Before entering hand hygiene
Mask
Hand hygiene leaving

55
Q

Airborne Precautions
Supplies and procedure to enter rooms

A

Hand hygiene
N95 for a nurse (leave on till anteroom)
The patient needs a surgical mask and clean linens if leaves the room
Negative air pressure room (keep the door closed)
Hand hygiene

56
Q

COVID isolation procedures (without aerosolized)

A

no aerosolized procedures
Contact and Droplet Precautions (mask, gown, gloves)

57
Q

COVID with aerosolized procedures isolation (breathing treatment and ventilator)

A

Special Respiratory Precautions
-hand hygiene
-N95 respirator, face shield
-Negative pressure room with door closed
-surgical mask/clean linens if leaving

58
Q

Protective Precaution for immunocompromised

A

screen all visitors, no one below 14, mask outside of isolation, no fruits or flowers
Posistive Pressure Room

59
Q

PPE sequence donning

A

Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves

60
Q

PPE sequence doffing

A

Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask

61
Q

What is the scientific name for lice?

A

Pediculus capitis

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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