Pharmacology 4 & Vaccines Flashcards
Tetanus is attained through
through cuts, scratches, or wounds
Active Immunity Examples
vaccines
Pneumonia high risk
young, old, and smokers
TD
Tetanus and diphtheria
Tetanus-Diphtheria booster is given every
ten years
People who should not get flu vaccine
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Acquired Immunity
antibody exposure
Influenza occurs between
October and May
Shingles are caused by
Varicella Zoster
Passive Immunity
transfer of antibodies
Tetanus S/S
muscle tightening
Diptheria
thick coating in throat
Shingles vaccine is for ages
50 +
Integrative Health
a coordinated approach to using complementary and conventional medicine
Complementary Medicine
used together with conventional medicine
Alternative
used in place of conventional medications
Traditional
seeking care from healthcare
Conventional
focus on the physical components of ill patients
emphasis on diagnostic and cure of symptoms
medications and surgery
Alternative medicine looks at
holistic “multibody’
the complexity of each person
self-healing forces, spirituality, and balance
Thought Process
Complementary/Alternative Medicine
-self-reliance on healing
-body has its own energy for healing
-use of nutrition and natural products
-emphasis on individuals
-the strong connection between mind and body
CAM (Complementary Alternative Meds)
-overall dissatisfaction with conventional healthcare
-a desire for greater control over one’s health
-need to blend cultural and philosophical congruence with personal beliefs about health and illnesses
-belief in the effectiveness of alternative therapies
Major Areas: when CAMs are used
anxiety
pain
illnesses
depression
insomnia
Reflexology/Massage Therapy
strengthen circulatory and respiratory systems
increase endorphins
regulate metabolism
enhance immune system
Acupressure/Acupuncture is used to relieve
pain
migraine/headaches
anesthesia
Yoga
- life forces in correct balance and flow
- concentration, strength, flexibility, symbolic movements
- breathing, movements, and posture
Tai Chi
-promotes the flow of energy throughout the body
- reduces symptoms of fibromyalgia
- used in cardiac rehab programs, can lower bp
Reiki - energy balance
- Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation promoting healing
-unseen “life forces energy” flows through us and is what causes us to be alive
Biologically Based Therapies
-dietary therapies
-herbs
-aromatherapy
-vitamins
Reasons for dietary supplement use
- perceived as “safer and healthier”
- a sense of control
- emotional comfort
- cultural influence
- limited access to healthcare
-
convenience
- aggressive marketing
Who regulates herbals and nutrition supplements?
FDA, categorically labeled food
DSHEA (1994)
Packaging labeled with adverse effects, impurities, adulterates, variability
CGmp
Required quality control procedures
Label active and inactive ingredients
DSNDCPA (2006)
Report deaths, hospitalization, life threatening experiences, persistent or signs of disability, birth defects
USP, Consumer Lab
United States Cornucopia
- CGmp, purity, identity, potency, dissolution, accuracy of labeling
Major drawback of Herbals
May delay important diagnosis or treatment
Nursing Interventions of Herbals
Make certain PCP is aware of use of herbals
What actions should a nurse take when pt is using herbals?
What to access and instruct a pt regarding herbal therapy
- Always ask about herbals when getting med history
- “ why do you use herbals?”
- teach them to look for standardized labels
Common Used herbals
Gingko Bilboa
Garlic
Ginger Root
Feverfew
Echinacea
St. John’s Wort
Valerian
Kava
Ephedra
Cannabis
CBD
What is the goal of pt education with herbals?
Teach them to be informed consumers
Gingko Bilboa
Reduce memory problems, dementia, and Peripheral Vascular Disease
- antioxidant and vasodilator properties
- cause bleeding when used with anticoagulants
- avoid before surgery
Garlic
Lower cholesterol, lower BP, natural antibiotic
- natural anti platelet agent
- potential es anti diabetic drugs
- avoid before surgery
Ginger Root
Treat nausea, joint pain
Cause bleeding, irregular heart beat, increased BP, abnormal blood sugar levels
Feverfew
Migraine prophylaxis
- increase risk of bleeding
- cause contractions
Echinacea
Builds immunity, wound healing
- cause immune suppression after 8 weeks
St. John’s Wort
May ease mild to severe depression
- contraindicated for major depression
- do not use with other antidepressants
Valerian Root
Help with sleep
- generally safe but ineffective
- potentiates CNS depressants (alcohol)
Kava
- relieves anxiety, promotes sleep, relax muscles
- liver damage
- Outlawed in many countries
Ephedra
Outlawed and banned from sale in US
Performance enhancing and weight loss
Damage to heart and CNS
Cannabis and CBD
Nausea, pain control and anxiety
Mary-noal cannabis is prescription form
Addictive and gate way drug
Help cancer and chronic pain
Mind/Body Interventions
Yoga, mediation, spirituality, relaxation, guided imagery, hippo therapy, music therapy
Hippotherapy
Equine
Physical therapy, anxiety, brain trauma, muscle help
cerebral Palsy
Music Therapy
Combination of physical, emotional, cognitive, and social
- lowers cortisol, and reduce anxiety
- treats insomnia
- facilitates learning and elevates mood
Nurse’s Role
Educate public
Teach signs of fraud
Avoid healers
Non judgmental
Build rapport by showing respect to pt
CAM beneficial
Dangerous if interact with conventional
Popular and increasing
Herbals significant effect with prescriptions
Signs of fraud and healers
Immediate relief
Only way to go
Refuse to work with others
Claim all answers
Testimonials
Vaccines
Protect against harmful diseases
Effective
All age benefits
Protect public health
Highly vetted by CDC and FDA
Outbreaks can occur without
Herd immunity
What is the best protection against diseases
Immunization
Vaccines for adults
Influenza
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Shingles
Pneumonia
Vaccine Info Statements
Informs benefits and risks
Produced by CDC and required by law
Given prior to every dose
Regardless of age ( 5th grade reading level)
40 + languages
Influenza vaccine
Every year ( 65 + and mother need or chronic health)
Inactivated virus
If sick hold off until well
2 weeks for effects
Influenza Outbreaks occur
October through May
What is herd immunity
form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious diseases. It occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination, thereby reducing the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity
Pneumonia vaccine
Recommendation for 65 +, young adults with diseases
Serious meningitis or bloodstream infections
Shingles
Same as chickenpox
Commonly seen in flanks, face, or sides
50+
2 dose series
Don’t if pregnancy or breast feeding
TD and Tdap
tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
- every 10 years
- pregnant women need every pregnancy
Tdap only for 7 +
What do you document about vaccines?
Edition date of VIS, date provided
Office address, name, and title of person administrative
Date of vaccine
Manufacturing and lot number
