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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Poor oxygenation

A

decrease levels of oxygen in the blood

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2
Q

SpO2 measures

A

saturated hemoglobin with oxygen

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3
Q

Does nurse have discretion on how to keep a patient’s O2 levels above a certain level?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Signs and symptoms of poor O2

A

Restlessness/Confusion
decrease in BP
Cool extremities
Cyanosis
Slow capillary refill

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5
Q

When O2 is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body, …

A

tissue ischemia and cell death

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6
Q

Hypoxia

A

when blood does not carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet body’s needs

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7
Q

What causes Lung Disease? And greatly influenced by

A

large surface and constantly exposed to the eternal environment
greatly influenced by patient exposure environment, occupation, personal, and social habits

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8
Q

Acute Lung Disease

A

bronchitis

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9
Q

Chronic Lung Disease

A

asthma

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10
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

COPD - difficulty exhaling

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11
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

scaring pulmonary fibrosis - difficulty inhaling

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12
Q

Infectious Lung Disease

A

pneumonia - fluid becomes infected

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13
Q

Noninfectious Lung Disease

A

asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis

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14
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Lung Diseases

A

cough - acute/chronic
dyspnea
chest pain
abnormal sputum
hemoptysis
altered breathing patterns
cyanosis
fever

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

shortness of breath, feeling of inability to get good breath

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16
Q

Hemoptysis

A

cough up blood

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17
Q

Altered breathing patterns

A

Bradypnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles

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18
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes (distal, mouth, the tip of the nose and inside nares, ear lobes)

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19
Q

Orthopnea

A

dyspnea when laying down
-breaths better when sitting up
-if chronic, sleep better in a recliner

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20
Q

Clubbing

A

often in heart or lung diseases reduce amount of oxygen in the blood (strange angle and wide fingers)

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21
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low oxygen levels in the blood

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22
Q

Hypoxia

A

low levels of oxygen in tissues and organs
-patient with hypoxemia for an extended amount of time

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23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia
Mnemonic

A

R-estlessness
A-nxiety
T-achycardia/tachypnea
is Late to
B-radycardia
E-xtreme restlessness
D-yspnea (severe)

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24
Q

Hypoventilation

A

breathing too shallow or slow to meet body’s oxygen needs
-narcotics, sleeping

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25
Q

Hypercapnia

A

hold too much carbon dioxide

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26
Q

Hyperventilation

A

breathing too rapid or deep
-exceeds metabolic need
-anxiety, exercise, pain

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27
Q

How to prevent Atelectasis?

A

early ambulation, turn, cough, deep breathing, and incentive spirometry

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28
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed air sacs (alveoli)
- bedridden

29
Q

Aspiration

A

passage of gastric contents (fluid/solid) into the lungs
-causes aspiration pneumonia
-through lung assessment

30
Q

How to prevent aspiration?

A

patient’s ability to swallow, keep head elevated with tube feedings

31
Q

Assessment of Respiratory System

A

rate
use of accessory muscles
cyanosis
SpO2
adventitious breath sounds (abnormal)
clubbing
dyspnea with activity

32
Q

Bronchial/Vesicular lung sounds

A

normal

33
Q

Fine Crackles lung sounds

A

little pops (rubs hair against ear)
most common
during inspiration

34
Q

Coarse crackles lung sounds

A

lot of fluid
during inspiration

35
Q

Wheeze lung sounds

A

expiration (whale or moan)

36
Q

Rhonchi lung sounds

A

wheeze with fluid (snore/gurgle)

37
Q

Diagnostic testing of lungs

A

chest x-ray
arterial blood gases
sputum culture (what it is) and sensitivity (how to kill it)
CT scan
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imagery)
bronchoscopy
thoracentesis

38
Q

In a chest x-ray, what color is good and which is bad?

A

Black is good
White is bad - fluid/tissue

39
Q

Interventions Prior to Oxygen Use

A

promotes lung expansion
-position change frequently every 2 hours
-keep upright
-increase daily activities; ensure adequate hydration
-coughing exercises
-deep breathing
postoperative
-IS, TCDS, Splinting incision

40
Q

Albuterol (ProAir) MDI

A

REACTION
-rescue inhaler for acute difficulty breathing (asthma, COPD)
-Short Action Beta Agonist
-relaxes and smooths muscles
-2 puffs inhaled 4-6 hours prn
-2 puffs every 5-30 mins before exercise

41
Q

Albuterol (ProAir) MDI = Common Reactions

A

nervousness, tachycardia, headache, throat irritations

42
Q

Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) Inhaled

A

Reaction
-Corticosteroid/Bronchodilator
-Long-acting Beta Agonist
-2 puffs twice a day
-treatment for prevention of asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm and COPD
RINSE MOUTH AND SPIT AFTER USE

43
Q

Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) Inhaled = Common Reactions

A

tachycardia, nervousness, palpations, and oral candidsis

44
Q

Is oxygen flammable?

A

yes

45
Q

Is oxygen considered a drug in hospitals?

A

yes

46
Q

Nurses can put O2 on a patient to stabilize but

A

have to get an order from a physician after

47
Q

Assessing Patients on oxygen therapy

A

equipment on L/min
correct oxygen delivery device
check flow rate
respiratory assessment

48
Q

Fraction of Inspired O2

A

FIO2
percent of oxygen a person is inhaling

49
Q

Room Air FIO2

A

21 percent
(with supplement O2 can reach 100)

50
Q

Nasal Cannula
Top L/min? FIO2 percentage?

A

O2 delivery up to 6L/min
FIO2 24-44 percent

51
Q

If orders are above 92 percent of oxygen in a nasal cannula, then put them on how many Liters?

A

2-3

52
Q

Advantages of nasal cannula

A

safe and simple
easily tolerated
increase mobility

53
Q

Disadvantages of nasal cannula

A

dry and skin breakdown

54
Q

What is the most invasive oxygen method device?

A

Non-rebreather mask

55
Q

Non-rebreather masks

A

face mask with reservoir bag
valves to prevent decreases in FIO2 or build-up of CO2
-delivers a higher concentration of O2 (approx. 100 percent)
-treat hypoxia
-decrease the workload of breathing

56
Q

Nonrebreather mask: FIO2 of 60-100%, then set the flow rate to

A

10-15 L for 100%

57
Q

Venturi Mask Advantages
FIO2 percentage and Liters

A

-controls the exact concentration of O2
-delivers FIO2 of 24-60% flow rate from 4-12 L/min

58
Q

Venturi Mask Disadvantages

A

-hot
-interferes with eating and talking
-common with COPD

59
Q

What method of breathing device is used for mouth breathers?

A

Venturi mask

60
Q

Face Tent Advantages
Percentage and Flow Rate

A

delivers 28-100% with a flow rate of 8-12 L/min
alternative for claustrophobia

61
Q

Face Tent Disadvantages

A

difficult to control concentration of oxygen

62
Q

Documentation of Oxygen

A

-date and time
-method of delivery
-flow rate in L/min
-patient response to oxygen
-condition of patient’s skin where device rests
-respiratory assessment
-teaching

63
Q

Factors that Alter Accuracy of Pulse Ox

A

motion/incorrect placement
BP monitoring device
bright lights, polish, acrylic
poor arterial flow
edema
cold hands
poor capillary filling
anemia

64
Q

Incentive Spirometry

A

Purpose: prevent post-Op pulmonary complication (atelectasis). provides volume of deep breathing, visual feedback
Technique: explain procedure, positioning
Nurse Considerations having a minimum of 10 breaths every 2 hours

65
Q

Oxygen Safety

A

-no smoking
-no aerosol spray
-no petroleum products
-administer by order or RN judgement in emergency

66
Q

Oxygen Toxicity

A

100% oxygen for more than 12 hours
results effects on CNS and Pulmonary

67
Q

Signs and Symptoms of O2 Toxicity

A

pallor, sweating, nausea, and vomit
seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching
hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety
chest pain, dyspnea

68
Q

Should you be concerned, when laying in bed with high respiratory rates?

A

Yes, very

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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