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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Poor oxygenation

A

decrease levels of oxygen in the blood

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2
Q

SpO2 measures

A

saturated hemoglobin with oxygen

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3
Q

Does nurse have discretion on how to keep a patient’s O2 levels above a certain level?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Signs and symptoms of poor O2

A

Restlessness/Confusion
decrease in BP
Cool extremities
Cyanosis
Slow capillary refill

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5
Q

When O2 is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body, …

A

tissue ischemia and cell death

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6
Q

Hypoxia

A

when blood does not carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet body’s needs

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7
Q

What causes Lung Disease? And greatly influenced by

A

large surface and constantly exposed to the eternal environment
greatly influenced by patient exposure environment, occupation, personal, and social habits

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8
Q

Acute Lung Disease

A

bronchitis

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9
Q

Chronic Lung Disease

A

asthma

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10
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

COPD - difficulty exhaling

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11
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

scaring pulmonary fibrosis - difficulty inhaling

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12
Q

Infectious Lung Disease

A

pneumonia - fluid becomes infected

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13
Q

Noninfectious Lung Disease

A

asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis

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14
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Lung Diseases

A

cough - acute/chronic
dyspnea
chest pain
abnormal sputum
hemoptysis
altered breathing patterns
cyanosis
fever

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

shortness of breath, feeling of inability to get good breath

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16
Q

Hemoptysis

A

cough up blood

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17
Q

Altered breathing patterns

A

Bradypnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles

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18
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes (distal, mouth, the tip of the nose and inside nares, ear lobes)

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19
Q

Orthopnea

A

dyspnea when laying down
-breaths better when sitting up
-if chronic, sleep better in a recliner

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20
Q

Clubbing

A

often in heart or lung diseases reduce amount of oxygen in the blood (strange angle and wide fingers)

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21
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low oxygen levels in the blood

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22
Q

Hypoxia

A

low levels of oxygen in tissues and organs
-patient with hypoxemia for an extended amount of time

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23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hypoxia
Mnemonic

A

R-estlessness
A-nxiety
T-achycardia/tachypnea
is Late to
B-radycardia
E-xtreme restlessness
D-yspnea (severe)

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24
Q

Hypoventilation

A

breathing too shallow or slow to meet body’s oxygen needs
-narcotics, sleeping

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25
Hypercapnia
hold too much carbon dioxide
26
Hyperventilation
breathing too rapid or deep -exceeds metabolic need -anxiety, exercise, pain
27
How to prevent Atelectasis?
early ambulation, turn, cough, deep breathing, and incentive spirometry
28
Atelectasis
collapsed air sacs (alveoli) - bedridden
29
Aspiration
passage of gastric contents (fluid/solid) into the lungs -causes aspiration pneumonia -through lung assessment
30
How to prevent aspiration?
patient's ability to swallow, keep head elevated with tube feedings
31
Assessment of Respiratory System
rate use of accessory muscles cyanosis SpO2 adventitious breath sounds (abnormal) clubbing dyspnea with activity
32
Bronchial/Vesicular lung sounds
normal
33
Fine Crackles lung sounds
little pops (rubs hair against ear) most common during inspiration
34
Coarse crackles lung sounds
lot of fluid during inspiration
35
Wheeze lung sounds
expiration (whale or moan)
36
Rhonchi lung sounds
wheeze with fluid (snore/gurgle)
37
Diagnostic testing of lungs
chest x-ray arterial blood gases sputum culture (what it is) and sensitivity (how to kill it) CT scan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imagery) bronchoscopy thoracentesis
38
In a chest x-ray, what color is good and which is bad?
Black is good White is bad - fluid/tissue
39
Interventions Prior to Oxygen Use
promotes lung expansion -position change frequently every 2 hours -keep upright -increase daily activities; ensure adequate hydration -coughing exercises -deep breathing postoperative -IS, TCDS, Splinting incision
40
Albuterol (ProAir) MDI
*REACTION* -rescue inhaler for acute difficulty breathing (asthma, COPD) -Short Action Beta Agonist -relaxes and smooths muscles -2 puffs inhaled 4-6 hours prn -2 puffs every 5-30 mins before exercise
41
Albuterol (ProAir) MDI = Common Reactions
nervousness, tachycardia, headache, throat irritations
42
Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) Inhaled
Reaction -Corticosteroid/Bronchodilator -Long-acting Beta Agonist -2 puffs twice a day -treatment for prevention of asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchospasm and COPD *RINSE MOUTH AND SPIT AFTER USE*
43
Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) Inhaled = Common Reactions
tachycardia, nervousness, palpations, and oral candidsis
44
Is oxygen flammable?
yes
45
Is oxygen considered a drug in hospitals?
yes
46
Nurses can put O2 on a patient to stabilize but
have to get an order from a physician after
47
Assessing Patients on oxygen therapy
equipment on L/min correct oxygen delivery device check flow rate respiratory assessment
48
Fraction of Inspired O2
FIO2 percent of oxygen a person is inhaling
49
Room Air FIO2
21 percent (with supplement O2 can reach 100)
50
Nasal Cannula Top L/min? FIO2 percentage?
O2 delivery up to 6L/min FIO2 24-44 percent
51
If orders are above 92 percent of oxygen in a nasal cannula, then put them on how many Liters?
2-3
52
Advantages of nasal cannula
safe and simple easily tolerated increase mobility
53
Disadvantages of nasal cannula
dry and skin breakdown
54
What is the most invasive oxygen method device?
Non-rebreather mask
55
Non-rebreather masks
face mask with reservoir bag valves to prevent decreases in FIO2 or build-up of CO2 -delivers a higher concentration of O2 (approx. 100 percent) -treat hypoxia -decrease the workload of breathing
56
Nonrebreather mask: FIO2 of 60-100%, then set the flow rate to
10-15 L for 100%
57
Venturi Mask Advantages FIO2 percentage and Liters
-controls the exact concentration of O2 -delivers FIO2 of 24-60% flow rate from 4-12 L/min
58
Venturi Mask Disadvantages
-hot -interferes with eating and talking -common with COPD
59
What method of breathing device is used for mouth breathers?
Venturi mask
60
Face Tent Advantages Percentage and Flow Rate
delivers 28-100% with a flow rate of 8-12 L/min alternative for claustrophobia
61
Face Tent Disadvantages
difficult to control concentration of oxygen
62
Documentation of Oxygen
-date and time -method of delivery -flow rate in L/min -patient response to oxygen -condition of patient's skin where device rests -respiratory assessment -teaching
63
Factors that Alter Accuracy of Pulse Ox
motion/incorrect placement BP monitoring device bright lights, polish, acrylic poor arterial flow edema cold hands poor capillary filling anemia
64
Incentive Spirometry
Purpose: prevent post-Op pulmonary complication (atelectasis). provides volume of deep breathing, visual feedback Technique: explain procedure, positioning Nurse Considerations having a minimum of 10 breaths every 2 hours
65
Oxygen Safety
-no smoking -no aerosol spray -no petroleum products -administer by order or RN judgement in emergency
66
Oxygen Toxicity
100% oxygen for more than 12 hours results effects on CNS and Pulmonary
67
Signs and Symptoms of O2 Toxicity
pallor, sweating, nausea, and vomit seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety chest pain, dyspnea
68
Should you be concerned, when laying in bed with high respiratory rates?
Yes, very

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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