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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Pharmacology Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmakon-

A

drug or poison

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2
Q

kinesis

A

motion/movement

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3
Q

What term answers these questions?
-How does the drug get into the body and where does it go?
-What does the body do with these drugs?
-How does the body get rid of the drugs?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

What system uses absorption?

A

GI Tract and other sites of administration

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5
Q

What system is used during distribution?

A

circulatory

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6
Q

What organs are used during metabolism?

A

liver, kidney, and sites of action

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7
Q

What liquids are excreted out of the body during excretion phase?

A

bile and urine

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8
Q

Absorption definition

A

movement of a drug from site of administration into the blood

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9
Q

Rate definition

A

how soon effects take place

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10
Q

The amount of medication is also known as the

A

intensity of effects

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11
Q

What factors affect the process of absorption?

A

rate of dissolution (dissolves)
the surface area where absorbed
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Route of administration

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12
Q

Enteral Route of Administration

A

oral (PO)

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13
Q

Parenteral Route of Administration

A

Outside of GI Tract
IV, SubQ, IM

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14
Q

PO, per os =

A

by way of mouth

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15
Q

Advantages of Oral Routes

A

safer than injection sites
ideal for self-medication
easy
convenient
cheap

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16
Q

Disadvantages of Oral route

A

GI irritation
requires cooperation
inactivation
variability

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17
Q

Barriers affecting Oral Routes

A

epithelial lining in GI Tract
capillary wall

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18
Q

What barriers affect IV routes?

A

no barriers

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19
Q

IV dose Advantages

A

rapid, constant, complete, control, use of large fluid volumes, use of irritant drugs

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20
Q

IV dose Disadvantages

A

irreversible
infection
high cost
difficult
inconvenient
high risk for embolism or given too fast

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21
Q

What barriers are in Intramuscular (IM) and SubQ injections?

A

No barriers (capillary wall through the fenestration)

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22
Q

IM and SubQ doses are absorbed rapidly with what variables? (Select all that apply).

Water Solubility
Poor Water
Dehydrated fruits
Rapid blood flow

A

Water Solubility
Blood Flow

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23
Q

What are the advantages of IM and SubQ routes of injections?

A

allows for poorly soluble drugs to enter the body
depot preparations

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24
Q

What is a depot preparation drug?

A

a drug that is absorbed slowly over an extended time (days, weeks, or months)

25
Q

What is an example of a depot preparation drug?

A

Penicillin, some antipsychotic drugs, and hormones

26
Q

What are some disadvantages of IM and SubQ drug routes?

A

discomfort, inconvenience, bleed risk
If done improperly, cause muscle and nerve injuries

27
Q

What are some disadvantages of IM and SubQ drug routes?

A

discomfort, inconvenience, bleeding risk
If done improperly, cause muscle and nerve injuries

28
Q

When are parental routes of admission preferred?

A

emergencies
tight control of drugs
GI incompatibility (drug destroyed or cause injury)
treatment can’t cross membranes
better treated with long-acting depot preparation
patient uncooperative orally

29
Q

Distribution definition

A

movement of drugs through the body

30
Q

The effectiveness of distribution is based on what?

A

blood flow to tissues
ability to enter cells
exit vascular system

31
Q

Metabolism definition

A

enzymatic/chemical alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted

32
Q

What affects the metabolism of a drug?

A

Age
first pass effect
nutritional status
competition between drugs

33
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs

34
Q

What organ has the most drug metabolism taking place?

A

Liver

35
Q

What drug is known to have the 1st pass effect and needs to be delivered sublingually?

A

Nitroglycerin

36
Q

If a drug has an extremely high to be metabolized by the liver, then it can be completely inactivated. What does this demonstrate?

A

the first-pass effect

37
Q

Excretion definition

A

removal of drugs from the body

38
Q

What are some examples of excretions?

A

bile, urine, feces, sweat, saliva, breast milk, expired air

39
Q

What organ does most of the excretions?

A

Kidneys

40
Q

Plasma drug levels show what?

A

correlation between response to drug and level of plasma

41
Q

What 2 levels are important for monitoring responses of drugs?

A

Minimum effective concentration and (maximum) toxic concentration

42
Q

The therapeutic range is used to determine the?

A

dose of a drug given safely

43
Q

What does a drug’s half-life (dosing interval) represent?

A

percentage of drug in the body is less than 50 percent

44
Q

What is the half-life of morphine?

A

3 hours

45
Q

What does repeated dosing lead to?

A

drug accumulation

46
Q

When the amount of drug eliminated between doses equals the dose administered, what does that mean?

A

average drug levels will remain constant and a plateau will have been reached

47
Q

Peak in Med Plateau means

A

max amount in the body

48
Q

Trough in Med Plateau means

A

lowest level of drug in the body

49
Q

Loading in Med Plateau means

A

higher dose to level up the drug in the body

50
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

power of drug

51
Q

Dose-response relationship means

A

between the size of the administration dose and intensity of response produced

52
Q

ED50 means

A

average effective dose (standard when starting a new patient on a medication)

53
Q

LD50

A

lethal dose

54
Q

Therapeutic Index formula

A

LD50/ED50 (bigger is better and wider is safer)

55
Q

Potentiate means ________ the effects.

A

intensifies

56
Q

Inhibit means ________ the effects.

A

reduce

57
Q

New response is only seen when?

A

drugs are combined

58
Q

Drug to Food Interactions do what?

A

Increase absorption
drug metabolizes increase or decrease
toxicity
action by reducing or intensifying
timing during meal times

59
Q

Grapefruit juice has what type of on drugs?

A

drug metabolizes longer

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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