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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Pharmacology Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmakon-

A

drug or poison

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2
Q

kinesis

A

motion/movement

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3
Q

What term answers these questions?
-How does the drug get into the body and where does it go?
-What does the body do with these drugs?
-How does the body get rid of the drugs?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

What system uses absorption?

A

GI Tract and other sites of administration

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5
Q

What system is used during distribution?

A

circulatory

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6
Q

What organs are used during metabolism?

A

liver, kidney, and sites of action

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7
Q

What liquids are excreted out of the body during excretion phase?

A

bile and urine

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8
Q

Absorption definition

A

movement of a drug from site of administration into the blood

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9
Q

Rate definition

A

how soon effects take place

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10
Q

The amount of medication is also known as the

A

intensity of effects

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11
Q

What factors affect the process of absorption?

A

rate of dissolution (dissolves)
the surface area where absorbed
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Route of administration

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12
Q

Enteral Route of Administration

A

oral (PO)

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13
Q

Parenteral Route of Administration

A

Outside of GI Tract
IV, SubQ, IM

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14
Q

PO, per os =

A

by way of mouth

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15
Q

Advantages of Oral Routes

A

safer than injection sites
ideal for self-medication
easy
convenient
cheap

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16
Q

Disadvantages of Oral route

A

GI irritation
requires cooperation
inactivation
variability

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17
Q

Barriers affecting Oral Routes

A

epithelial lining in GI Tract
capillary wall

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18
Q

What barriers affect IV routes?

A

no barriers

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19
Q

IV dose Advantages

A

rapid, constant, complete, control, use of large fluid volumes, use of irritant drugs

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20
Q

IV dose Disadvantages

A

irreversible
infection
high cost
difficult
inconvenient
high risk for embolism or given too fast

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21
Q

What barriers are in Intramuscular (IM) and SubQ injections?

A

No barriers (capillary wall through the fenestration)

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22
Q

IM and SubQ doses are absorbed rapidly with what variables? (Select all that apply).

Water Solubility
Poor Water
Dehydrated fruits
Rapid blood flow

A

Water Solubility
Blood Flow

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23
Q

What are the advantages of IM and SubQ routes of injections?

A

allows for poorly soluble drugs to enter the body
depot preparations

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24
Q

What is a depot preparation drug?

A

a drug that is absorbed slowly over an extended time (days, weeks, or months)

25
What is an example of a depot preparation drug?
Penicillin, some antipsychotic drugs, and hormones
26
What are some disadvantages of IM and SubQ drug routes?
discomfort, inconvenience, bleed risk If done improperly, cause muscle and nerve injuries
27
What are some disadvantages of IM and SubQ drug routes?
discomfort, inconvenience, bleeding risk If done improperly, cause muscle and nerve injuries
28
When are parental routes of admission preferred?
emergencies tight control of drugs GI incompatibility (drug destroyed or cause injury) treatment can't cross membranes better treated with long-acting depot preparation patient uncooperative orally
29
Distribution definition
movement of drugs through the body
30
The effectiveness of distribution is based on what?
blood flow to tissues ability to enter cells exit vascular system
31
Metabolism definition
enzymatic/chemical alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted
32
What affects the metabolism of a drug?
Age first pass effect nutritional status competition between drugs
33
What is the first pass effect?
rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs
34
What organ has the most drug metabolism taking place?
Liver
35
What drug is known to have the 1st pass effect and needs to be delivered sublingually?
Nitroglycerin
36
If a drug has an extremely high to be metabolized by the liver, then it can be completely inactivated. What does this demonstrate?
the first-pass effect
37
Excretion definition
removal of drugs from the body
38
What are some examples of excretions?
bile, urine, feces, sweat, saliva, breast milk, expired air
39
What organ does most of the excretions?
Kidneys
40
Plasma drug levels show what?
correlation between response to drug and level of plasma
41
What 2 levels are important for monitoring responses of drugs?
Minimum effective concentration and (maximum) toxic concentration
42
The therapeutic range is used to determine the?
dose of a drug given safely
43
What does a drug's half-life (dosing interval) represent?
percentage of drug in the body is less than 50 percent
44
What is the half-life of morphine?
3 hours
45
What does repeated dosing lead to?
drug accumulation
46
When the amount of drug eliminated between doses equals the dose administered, what does that mean?
average drug levels will remain constant and a plateau will have been reached
47
Peak in Med Plateau means
max amount in the body
48
Trough in Med Plateau means
lowest level of drug in the body
49
Loading in Med Plateau means
higher dose to level up the drug in the body
50
Pharmacodynamics
power of drug
51
Dose-response relationship means
between the size of the administration dose and intensity of response produced
52
ED50 means
average effective dose (standard when starting a new patient on a medication)
53
LD50
lethal dose
54
Therapeutic Index formula
LD50/ED50 (bigger is better and wider is safer)
55
Potentiate means ________ the effects.
intensifies
56
Inhibit means ________ the effects.
reduce
57
New response is only seen when?
drugs are combined
58
Drug to Food Interactions do what?
Increase absorption drug metabolizes increase or decrease toxicity action by reducing or intensifying timing during meal times
59
Grapefruit juice has what type of on drugs?
drug metabolizes longer

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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