Patient Education Flashcards
Why is patient education important?
-essential component of safe pt-centered care
-standard for professional nursing practices
-fall within the scope of nursing
What do nurses teach?
-health analogies
-the restoration of health
-coping with impaired functions
-promote health and illness prevention
Teaching definition
transmission of intentionally structured and sequenced info. to recipient
Purpose of teaching
produce a change in behavior
-utilizes an interactive process that promotes learning
Learning def
purposeful acquisition of measurable factors through an experience or external stimulus
Factors of Learning
new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills
Beginning of teaching and learning
the person identifies a need to attain knowledge acquiring an ability to perform a task
Nurse Role
-determine what pt needs to know
-identify pt’s knowledge, preference of learn, ready to learn
-time
-needed info
-essentials: accurate, complete, relevant, timely
Nurse Goals
assist pt to make informed decisions regarding care
-promote understanding (positive effect of change)
Cognitive learning
-intellectual behaviors
-requires thinking, storage/recall
-tools: one on one instruction, written materials
The fact about hypertension are an example of what learning
cognitive
Change belief about smoking dangers is an example of what learning
affective
Self-administration of insulin is an example of what learning
Psychomotor
Affective learning
-express feelings
-develop attitudes, opinions, or values
-Tools: one on one counseling, role play
Psychomotor learning
-acquisition of skills
-requires coordination and integration (mentally and physically)
-“Hands-on” skills (Kinesthetic learning), demonstration/return demonstration, practice
Stimulus to learn: Motivation
- the force: acts on or within a person to cause the person to behave in a particular way
- person does not want to learn; unlikely learning will occur
Basic learning principles
stimulus to learns
readiness to learn
ability to learn
learning environment
Stimulus to learn: theory
using a theory to match a person’s learning needs and personal preferences
-enhances motivation and learning
Social Learning Theory
-consider characteristics of the learner = behavior patterns and environment
-self-efficiency is major concept = person’s perceived ability to successfully perform a task
-provides guidance to educator to develop an effective teaching plan
Culture
-respect identity and needs
-regardless of age, religion, socioeconomic status, physical
Active Participation
eagerness (acquire knowledge)
retain (10% reading and 90% speak/do)
Readiness to learn: Attention
mentally and physically prepared to learn
comfort of family and environment
Obstacles of attention and readiness to learn
physical discomfort
high anxiety
environmental distractions
family presence (positive and negative)
Readiness to learn: Psychosocial adaptation
process: assist pt after incident, illness, and injury
Grieving
pt accept reality of illness or injury
-adapt to new normal
Emotions of readiness to learn
severe anxiety, stress, or emotional pain interfere
T/F: Mild anxiety enhances learning and provides motivation.
True
Developmental capacity
cognitive development affect their ability
-without proper motor, physiological, language, and social development
Infant’s ability to learn
hold infant firmly while smiling, and speaking softly to convey sense of trust
Toddler’s ability to learn
use play to teach procedure or activity
simple words
Ex)apply a bandage to doll
Preschooler’s ability to learn
simple explanations and demonstrations
School-aged children’s ability to learn
-teach psychomotor skills needed to maintain health
-offer opportunities to discuss health problems and answer questions
Adolescent’s ability to learn
-collaborative activity
-make decisions about health and promotions
Adult’s ability to learn
-self-directed: critical thinking, direct own learning
-pt centered: collaborate with adults (topics and goals)
Young and Middle-aged Adult’s ability to learn
-offer info. so adults understand effects of health problems
-encourage participation in teaching plan by setting mutual goals
Older Adult’s ability to learn
-teach a client to be alert and rested
-involve adults in the discussion or activity
-individualized
Physical capability
influences level of personal involvement, physical health, energy
How to comfort a pt with Neurosensory Issues?
feel, see, hear, grasp
Health Literacy
understand basic healthcare info. to make appropraite healthcare decisions
Health literacy issues
pt’s ability to read, write, and speak the same language
Learning environment
room
-well-lit, appropriate furniture, quiet, private, good ventilation, comfortable temp.
need 6 or fewer in a group
Teaching challenges
conflicting schedules (nurse’s time and pt availability)
lack of space and privacy
teaching not seen as priority
no 3rd party reimbursement for teaching
Learning challenges
illness
anxiety
fatigue
personal stress
medical jargon and technical terms
An overwhelming amount of behavioral change needed
doesn’t perceive a need for the info.
lack of support from family/caregiver
lack of social interaction
poor learner motivation (no interest and complicated)
tech difficulties
lack of internet
Teaching strategies Content
all info needed to reach the intended goal
Goal of teaching strategies
change behaviors to improve pt outcome
Scheduling and sequencing of pt education
present
-simple to complex
-nonthreatening to difficult topics
verify enough time for the topic
short time frames
Instructional Material
tools used to introduce info. and reinforce learning
-select appropriate method for pt’s learning stle
Teaching Tactics
-keep pt actively involved supporting their attention and learning
-build on current knowledge
-teach while doing nursing care
-Telling, participating, entrusting, reinforcing
Telling
instructions given (prepare for procedure)
Participating
cooperative effort by nurse with pt to learn best process
Entrusting
nurse observes as pt performs skills
Reinforcing
smile or affirmative words
One to One
pt to nurse
-while providing care
Group
efficient more than 1
-interact with one another
-least distractions (6 or less)
Preparatory
info prior to the procedure
-physical sensations and their causes
-prepares pt for common experiences
-verifies pt knowledge when results will be available
Demonstration/Return demonstration
most effective when pt watches nurse
-pt does it back for practice
Analogy
familiar images make complex ones understandable
knowledge about concepts and pt’s background, experiences, and culture
-comparison simple and clear
Simulation
problem-solve, application, and thinking
Printed Materials
literacy assessed bepfre hand (fact sheets, discharge instructions or detailed booklets)
Digital/Online
video, audio clips and films
websites and multimedia
reinforcement for Q/A and discuss materials
All printed materials are available in every language and at a ____ grade level reading
5th
Learning disabilities
establish trust = speak slowly, encourage questions
short sessions=simple terms, minimized distractions, use visual aids
-in increments
Behaviors
observe and evaluate pt’s ability to perform desired tasks
Teach back
determines undersanding of instrumental topic
-always develop plan for revised pt teaching if not able to correctly
Older Adults need
allow time to process and comprehend new info
only most significant info to avoid overwhelming info
-repetition
-step by step and concise
-positive reinforcement
-diorect and clear
2-3 points
T/F: hereditary and susceptibility does not actually guarantee the actual development of disease
True
