S.3.1 - Recognize Basic Atomic Structure

Question 1

The fundamental constituent of matter that retains the properties of an element. It is the smallest unit that has a unique identity

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

The table of elements expressed as columns and rows.

Answer 2

periodic table

Question 3

A positively charged atomic particle

Answer 3

proton

Question 4

An atomic particle with no electric charge

Answer 4

neutron

Question 5

A negatively charged atomic particle

Answer 5

Electron

Question 6

The central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons

Answer 6

nucleus (atom)

Question 7

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same numbers of protons and electrons​​​​​​

Answer 7

isotopes

Question 8

The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element

Answer 8

atomic mass

Question 9

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 9

Atomic Number

Question 10

A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule

Answer 10

ion

Question 11

A column of elements in the periodic table

Answer 11

One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables

Question 12

A substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides

Answer 12

METAL

Question 13

A negatively charged ion

Answer 13

anion

Question 14

A positively charged ion

Answer 14

Cation

Question 15

The bond between two oppositely charged ions

Answer 15

ionic bond

Question 16

A substance made of two or more elements

Answer 16

compound

Question 17

A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms

Answer 17

covalent bond

Question 18

Which of the following neutral atoms would have 10 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons?​​​​​​​

Answer 18

Neon

To determine the type of atom, use the number of protons to determine the atomic number and then find it on the periodic table.

Question 19

Two isotopes of carbon are found, one with an atomic mass of 12 and the other 14. Which of the following best describes how these isotopes differ?​​​​​​​

Answer 19

Carbon 14 has more neutrons than carbon 12.

The atomic mass is determined by adding the protons and neutrons. Because all carbon atoms have six protons, the number of neutrons must have changed.

Question 20

A neutral atom of calcium has two electrons in its outer shell. Which of the following will occur when calcium forms an ion?​​​​​​​

Answer 20

Calcium will lose two electrons to have a full valence shell.

Calcium will give away the two electrons to have a full valence shell.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes an oxygen atom with 8 protons and 10 electrons

Answer 21

An anion with a −2 charge

This ion of oxygen has 8 protons and electrons, giving it a charge of –2.