Digestive System (AP)

Question 1

The oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal

Answer 1

Mouth

Question 2

The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled

Answer 2

Anus

Question 3

An organ that secretes a substance

Answer 3

gland

Question 4

The breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption

Answer 4

chemical (enzymatic) digestion

Question 5

The organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs

Answer 5

Stomach

Question 5

Muscle that can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines

Answer 5

Smooth Muscle

Question 6

The last section of the large intestine, ending with the anus

Answer 6

Rectum

Question 7

Comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination

Answer 7

Large intestine

Question 8

A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. A catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy; in cells, most ______ are proteins

Answer 8

Enzyme

Question 9

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat

Answer 9

Lipase

Question 10

Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water

Answer 10

Lipids

Question 11

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

Answer 11

Bolus

Question 12

A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Answer 12

peristalsis (also known as CHEWING)

Question 13

A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 13

Pepsin

Question 13

The semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine

Answer 13

Chyme

Question 14

The part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs

Answer 14

Small Intestine

Question 15

Term for Water Loving

Answer 15

Hydrophilic

Question 16

The organ that produces bile, regulates glycogen storage, and performs other bodily functions

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

The monomers that make up proteins

Answer 17

Amino Acids

Question 18

A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation

Answer 18

Salt

Question 19

A hormone that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels

Answer 19

Insulin

Question 20

In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?​​​​​​​

Answer 20

Stomach

With the help of pepsin, protein starts to break down in the stomach. The small intestine also breaks down proteins with the secretion of trypsin from the pancreas, but this is after the food passes through the stomach.

Question 21

which structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?​​​​​​​

Answer 21

Microvilli absorb nutrients in the small intestine. Enzymes and hormones aid in digestion, but they do not absorb.

Question 22

Describe peristalsis

Answer 22

Peristalsis refers to the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 23

Describe the chemical digestion of starch/carbohydrates

Answer 23

Starch begins to breakdown in the mouth. Chewing breaks the food fragments into smaller pieces. Amylase chemically speeds up the process of starches breaking down into smaller molecules. Muscle contractions in the stomach break down food particles into chyme. Then, in the small intestines, more enzymes released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars.