Digestive System (AP) Flashcards
The oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal
Mouth
The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled
Anus
An organ that secretes a substance
gland
The breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption
chemical (enzymatic) digestion
The organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs
Stomach
Muscle that can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines
Smooth Muscle
The last section of the large intestine, ending with the anus
Rectum
Comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination
Large intestine
A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. A catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy; in cells, most ______ are proteins
Enzyme
Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat
Lipase
Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water
Lipids
A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
Bolus
A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
peristalsis (also known as CHEWING)
A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins
Pepsin
The semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine
Chyme
The part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs
Small Intestine
Term for Water Loving
Hydrophilic
The organ that produces bile, regulates glycogen storage, and performs other bodily functions
Liver
The monomers that make up proteins
Amino Acids
A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation
Salt
A hormone that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels
Insulin
In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?
Stomach
With the help of pepsin, protein starts to break down in the stomach. The small intestine also breaks down proteins with the secretion of trypsin from the pancreas, but this is after the food passes through the stomach.
which structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?
Microvilli absorb nutrients in the small intestine. Enzymes and hormones aid in digestion, but they do not absorb.
Describe peristalsis
Peristalsis refers to the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Describe the chemical digestion of starch/carbohydrates
Starch begins to breakdown in the mouth. Chewing breaks the food fragments into smaller pieces. Amylase chemically speeds up the process of starches breaking down into smaller molecules. Muscle contractions in the stomach break down food particles into chyme. Then, in the small intestines, more enzymes released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars.
