Cell functions (Life and Physical Sciences)

Question 1

Cell division in eukaryotes that produces two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the parent cell

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

Specialized cell division used to create haploid gametes in diploid organisms

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

Sugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA

Answer 4

Nucleic Acids

Question 5

Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

A large organelle within a cell that houses the chromosomes and regulates the activities of the cell

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

A membrane that surrounds the cell and maintains its internal environment through the property of selective permeability

Answer 7

Plasma Membrane

Question 8

The material within a eukaryotic cell that supports and suspends structures inside the cell membrane and transfers materials required for cellular processes

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function and is found in the cell’s cytoplasm

Answer 9

Organelle

Question 10

The site of energy production in a cell

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

A cell organelle that synthesizes and concentrates lipids in the cell; does not contain ribosomes

Answer 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

A protein-RNA complex that is the site of protein synthesis

Answer 12

Ribosome

Question 13

A cell organelle that aids in digestion and the recycling of old cell materials

Answer 13

lysosome

Question 14

A cell organelle containing ribosomes that synthesizes and processes proteins in the cell

Answer 14

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

A cell organelle that serves as storage for a variety of substances, including water, toxins, and carbohydrates

Answer 15

Vacuole

Question 16

The stage in meiosis I in which chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs

Answer 16

Phophase I

Question 17

The stage in meiosis I in which pairs of homologous chromosomes align

Answer 17

Metaphase I

Question 18

The stage in meiosis I in which homologous chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell​​​​​​​

Answer 18

Anaphase I

Question 19

The stage in meiosis I in which nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids

Answer 19

Telophase I

Question 20

The stage in meiosis II in which chromosomes in the haploid daughter cells condense

Answer 20

Phophase II

Question 21

The stage in meiosis II in which individual chromosomes align

Answer 21

Metaphase II

Question 22

The stage in meiosis II in which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 22

Anaphase II

Question 23

One of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the cell cycle

Answer 23

Chromatid

Question 24

The stage in meiosis II in which nuclear membranes form as the two daughter cells from meiosis I separate into four haploid daughter cells with chromosomes consisting of a single chromatid each

Answer 24

Telophase II

Question 25

List the six components of the biological hierarchy of the body, from least to most complex.

Answer 25

Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 26

Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome?​​​​​​​

Answer 26

Protein synthesis

The ribosomes synthesize proteins in a cell.

Question 27

Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be abundant in those types of cells?​​​​​​​

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

Which of the following organelles houses the genetic material?​​​​​​​

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

Write two or three sentences to define and differentiate mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 29

In mitosis, cells duplicate for tissue growth and repair. One cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. In meiosis, the nucleus of a germ cell splits through two fissions into four sex cells, each with half the genetic material of the original cell.