S.2.3 - Apply Concepts Underlying Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Question 1

Inheritance of traits that follow Gregor Mendel’s two laws and the principle of dominance

Answer 1

Mendelian inheritance

Question 2

A specific copy of a gene

Answer 2

allele

Question 3

Refers to the most powerful trait or the allele for that trait

Answer 3

dominant

Question 4

Refers to traits that are masked if dominant alleles are also present; also refers to the allele for that trait

Answer 4

recessive

Question 5

The genetic makeup of an individual

Answer 5

Genotype

Question 6

The state of carrying different alleles of a gene; e.g., Aa

Answer 6

heterozygous

Question 7

The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene; e.g., AA or aa

Answer 7

homozygous

Question 8

Physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment

Answer 8

phenotype

Question 9

A cross between parents heterozygous at two specific genes

Answer 9

dihybrid cross

Question 10

Inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance

Answer 10

non-Mendelian inheritance

Question 11

A pea plant has a dominant homozygous genotype. Which of the following letters best represent this genotype?​​​​​​​

Answer 11

WW

Capital letters are used for dominant alleles. Homozygous genotypes have two of the same alleles.

Question 12

Pea plants have seeds that are either green or yellow. Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds. Two pea plants that are heterozygous for seed color are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will have green seeds?

Answer 12

The correct answer is 75%.

Performing a Punnett square will reveal that three out of four genotypes will result in green seed phenotypes.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the expression of alleles?​​​​​​​

Answer 13

Phenotype

Phenotypes are the expressed traits of genotypes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes non-Mendelian inheritance patterns?​​​​​​​

Answer 14

something about not following mendelian inheritance