Immune System (AP)

Question 1

A nonspecific response to pathogens by the immune system

Answer 1

Innate Defense

Question 2

A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen

Answer 2

Adaptive Defense

Question 3

A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens

Answer 3

innate immune system

Question 4

A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body.​​​​​​

Answer 4

Adaptive immune System

Question 5

Lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens​​​​​​​

Answer 5

B Cells

Question 6

White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response

Answer 6

T Cells

Question 7

Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm

Answer 7

commensal microorganisms

Question 8

A white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation

Answer 8

Histamine

Question 9

Proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses

Answer 9

Interferons

Question 10

A substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host

Answer 10

Antimicrobial

Question 11

Substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign​​​​​​​

Answer 11

antigens

Question 12

A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces

Answer 12

Antigen-Presenting Cells

Question 13

A type of lymphocyte that secretes interleukins, a protein that triggers the action of other cells, including the attack of foreign cells by the cytotoxic T cell

Answer 13

Hyper T-Cells

Question 14

Cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T cells and macrophages. Certain cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells

Answer 14

Cytokine T-Cells

Question 14

The category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells

Answer 14

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Question 15

A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen

Answer 15

Antibody

Question 16

A lymphocyte that responds to an antigen upon reintroduction

Answer 16

Memory Cells

Question 17

Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens

Answer 17

Active Immunity

Question 18

Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source

Answer 18

Passive Immunity

Question 19

A pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen

Answer 19

Autoimmune Disease

Question 20

A progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain

Answer 20

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 21

Which of the following is a barrier that helps prevent pathogens from invading the body?​​​​​​​

Answer 21

Mucus

Question 22

A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next?​​​​​​​

Answer 22

Histamines are released.

Histamines are released to stimulate blood flow to the area of the cut, allowing white blood cells to infiltrate the area.

Question 23

Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies?​​​​​​​

Answer 23

Plasma cells produce and release antibodies.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine?​​​​​​​

Answer 24

To produce antibodies in case of future infection

Vaccinations allow the body to recognize and produce antibodies to use in the case of future infection by that pathogen.

Question 25

In three to five sentences, describe what occurs in the immune system when it encounters an allergen.

Answer 25

Allergies are caused by a substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response even when there is not an invading pathogen. The substance causing the allergy triggers histamine to be released, which can cause sneezing and mucus secretion.