Immune System (AP) Flashcards
A nonspecific response to pathogens by the immune system
Innate Defense
A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen
Adaptive Defense
A collection of nonspecific barriers and cellular responses that serve as an inborn first and second line of defense against pathogens
innate immune system
A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body.
Adaptive immune System
Lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens
B Cells
White blood cells that mature in the thymus and participate in an immune response
T Cells
Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm
commensal microorganisms
A white blood cell secretion that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilatation
Histamine
Proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses
Interferons
A substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host
Antimicrobial
Substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign
antigens
A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces
Antigen-Presenting Cells
A type of lymphocyte that secretes interleukins, a protein that triggers the action of other cells, including the attack of foreign cells by the cytotoxic T cell
Hyper T-Cells
Cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T cells and macrophages. Certain cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells
Cytokine T-Cells
The category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells
Cytotoxic T-Cells
A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen
Antibody
A lymphocyte that responds to an antigen upon reintroduction
Memory Cells
Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens
Active Immunity
Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source
Passive Immunity
A pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen
Autoimmune Disease
A progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is a barrier that helps prevent pathogens from invading the body?
Mucus
A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next?
Histamines are released.
Histamines are released to stimulate blood flow to the area of the cut, allowing white blood cells to infiltrate the area.
Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies?
Plasma cells produce and release antibodies.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine?
To produce antibodies in case of future infection
Vaccinations allow the body to recognize and produce antibodies to use in the case of future infection by that pathogen.
In three to five sentences, describe what occurs in the immune system when it encounters an allergen.
Allergies are caused by a substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response even when there is not an invading pathogen. The substance causing the allergy triggers histamine to be released, which can cause sneezing and mucus secretion.
