Genetic Materials, structure of proteins

Question 2

A sequence of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

The material that contains genetic information and is responsible for directing protein synthesis in living organisms

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

The sugar portion of a deoxyribose nucleotide

Answer 4

deoxyribose sugar

Question 5

The monomers used to build DNA and RNA

Answer 5

nucleotides

Question 6

Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids

Answer 6

Codons

Question 7

A molecule of RNA (or a strand of DNA) synthesized from a complementary template strand

Answer 7

Transcription

Question 8

A type of non-covalent bond; a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom bound to an electronegative atom and a second highly electronegative atom

Answer 8

Hydrogen Bond

Question 9

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that may arise during replication

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

Protein synthesis that takes place after mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome

Answer 11

translation

Question 12

A sequence of bases on a strand of DNA that is used to form a complementary mRNA molecule

Answer 12

template strand

Question 13

The complete set of genetic information in a cell

Answer 13

genome

Question 14

The link between amino acids in a protein

Answer 14

peptide bond

Question 15

Which of the following nucleotides pairs with adenine in DNA?

Answer 15

Adenine pairs with thymine.

Question 16

Which of the following is the number of chromosomes found in a human cell?​​​​​​​

Answer 16

46 (23 pairs)

Question 17

Which of the following is the name for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?​​​​​​​

Answer 17

Gene

Question 18

In your own words, explain the relationship among chromosomes, DNA, RNA, and genes.

Answer 18

Genes are segments of DNA that can code for specific proteins. RNA controls the steps involved in protein synthesis. Genes made of DNA are located on larger structures called “chromosomes.”